Search

Cocoa is one of the important plantation commodities in supporting the Indonesian economy, but the last few years have shown a decline in production. The cause of the decline in production is the lack of maintenance of cocoa plants which results in many plants being attacked by pests and diseases and has an impact on decreasing the quality and quantity of cocoa. This study aims to determine the distribution and level of attack of the cocoa pod borer and cocoa pod rot in Jayapura District. The research was conducted by direct observation on people's cocoa fields in cocoa planting centers in Jayapura Regency, namely Yapsi District, Nimbokrang District, and Namblong District in September - October 2020. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling method by taking 10% sample plants. Each district selected three farmers as sample farmers in different villages. The results showed that the highest cocoa pod borer attack occurred in Nimbokrang District, Bunyom Village with an attack intensity of 76%, the percentage of damaged beans was 75.72% and yield loss was 7.60%. The lowest incidence of cocoa pod borer attack was found in SP 5, Yapsi District with an attack intensity of 8.89%, damaged beans 14.13% and yield loss 0.87%. The highest borer attack was on cocoa pods located on secondary branches. The highest attack of cocoa pod rot occurred in SP 4, Yapsi District with an attack intensity of 93.33% and the percentage of fruit being attacked by 93.33%. The lowest incidence of pod rot was found in Rephang Muaib, Nimbokrang District, with an intensity of attack of 9,72% and the percentage of fruit being attacked by 12,50%.

Penggunaan biji botani (True Seed of Shallot) berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menggantikan umbi bawang merah sebagai benih. Terbatasnya ketersediaan TSS di Indonesia, sehingga perlu adanya upaya dalam mendukung produksi TSS khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah: untuk mengetahui potensi varietas Bima Brebes dan Trisula dalam menghasilkan biji botani di Kabupaten Gowa dengan ketinggian > 1.300 meter di atas Permukaan laut (mdpl). Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Pattapang, Kecamatan Tinggimoncong, Kabupaten Gowa, mulai bulan April hingga November 2018. Kegiatan pengembangan TSS menggunakan varietas Bima Brebes dan Trisula. Umbi divernalisasi pada suhu 10 oC selama 30 hari. Sebelum tanam, benih direndam larutan BAP selama satu jam dengan konsentrasi 37,5 ppm. Perendaman benih dalam larutan BAP dilakukan setiap 100 kg benih direndam dalam 80 l larutan BAP (3 g BAP/80 l air). pemasangan mulsa hitam perak diatas bedengan dengan jarak lubang tanam 20 cm x 20 cm dengan jumlah umbi satu per lubang tanam. Naungan menggunakan plastik putih transparan dipasang setelah 1 MST untuk melindungi bunga dari angin dan hujan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa varietas Bima Brebes mampu menghasilkan bunga sampai 6,7 umbel/rumpun namun sangat sedikit menghasilkan kapsul (biji), sedangkan Trisula menghasilkan umbel bunga rata-rata 9,6 umbel/rumpun. Total produksi pada varietas Trisula mencapai 15 kg/3.000 m2, sedangkan produksi Bima Brebes hanya 2,0 kg/3000 m2. True Seed of Shallot has the potential to be developed to replace shallot bulbs as seeds. The limited availability of TSS in Indonesia, so that efforts are needed to support TSS production, especially in South Sulawesi. The objectives of this activity are: to determine the potential of the Bima Brebes and Trisula varieties in producing botanical seeds in Gowa Regency with an altitude of > 1,300 meters above sea level (masl). The activity was carried out in Pattapang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, from April to November 2018. TSS development activities used the Bima Brebes and Trisula varieties. Tubers were vernalized at 10 oC for 30 days. Before planting, the seeds were soaked in BAP solution for one hour with a concentration of 37.5 ppm. Soaking the seeds in BAP solution is done every 100 kg of seeds are immersed in 80 l of BAP solution (3 g BAP/80 l of water). installation of silver black mulch on the bed with a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm with a number of tubers per planting hole. The shade using transparent white plastic is installed after 1 MST to protect the flowers from wind and rain. The results showed that the Bima Brebes variety was able to produce flowers up to 6.7 umbels/clump but produced very few capsules (seeds), while Trisula produced an average of 9.6 umbels/clump. The total production of the Trisula variety reached 15 kg/3,000 m2, while the production of Bima Brebes was only 2.0 kg/3000 m2.

Indonesia has developed several superior soybean varieties. Each soybean variety has different physical and chemical properties that can affect processed products and soybean quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical, and functional properties of three superior early-maturing soybean varieties. The research was conducted in Maros, Indonesia in 2022 by planting the Dega-1, Grobogan, and Gepak Kuning varieties and repeated them 6 times. The yields of the three soybean varieties Dega-1, Grobogan, and Gepak Kuning were taken at 1 kg each and 3 repeated, then further analysis of chemical compounds is carried out in the laboratory. The results showed that for physical characteristics, the largest seed size was in Dega-1 (18.57 g per 100 seeds) and the smallest in Gepak Kuning (8.29 g). The highest bulk density of soybean seeds was in the Grobogan and Dega-1 varieties (0.79 kg per m3) and the lowest was in Gepak Kuning (0.77 kg per m3 ), and the lowest number of damaged seeds was in Dega-1 (6.67%) and the highest in Grobogan (11.33). %). Chemical characteristics, highest protein content in Gepak Kuning (39.72%) and lowest in Dega-1 (36.62%), lowest fat content in Dega-1 (12.63%) and highest in Gepak Kuning (14.49%), highest phosphorus content in Gepak Kuning (0.59%) and the lowest was in Grobogan (0.53%), the highest calcium content was in Gepak Kuning (0.40%), and the highest FFA value was in Dega-1 (0.93) and the lowest in Gepak Kuning (0.81). Based on physical properties, Dega-1 is the best compared to the other two soybeans. Meanwhile, based on the size of starch granules, Gepak Kuning gave the best results. For chemical characteristics, in general, GepakKuning has the best quality compared to Grobogan and Dega-1. It can be concluded that Gepak Kuning has the most potential to be developed in supporting food and non-food products, especially in Indonesia.

South Sulawesi is one of the centers for soybean development in Indonesia and farmers generally plant it on paddy fields. Soybean cultivation technology innovation in paddy fields in general, farmers use a cropping system without tillage, rice fields after planting rice are directly sprayed with herbicides 3 times and then planted with soybeans. The varieties that are favored and widely planted by farmers in South Sulawesi have large seeds (weighing 100 seeds around 15.0–19.5 g) such as Detap-1, Devon-2, Derap-1, Dega-1, and Dena-2. The spacing used by farmers is 20 × 40 cm with double rows and single-row models. Types of pests that mostly damage soybean plants in South Sulawesi include Spodoptera litura, pod borer Etiella zinckenella, whitefly Bemisia tabaci, aphid Aphis glycines, leaf-rolling caterpillar Lamprosema indicata Fabricius, caterpillar Helicoverpa Heliothis armigera, pod ladybug Riptortus linearis F. green Nezara viridula L., soybean beetle Phaedonia inclusa and grasshopper Locust migratoria. To control these pests, farmers combine the use of vegetable insecticides and chemical insecticides.

Sarmi Regency is a coconut producer with a productive plant area of 5,085 ha or 19.9% of the total coconut area in Papua Province covering an area of 25,585 ha in 2019. There was an increase in land area of 60.96% from the previous year, but this increase was not accompanied by a significant increase in productivity. The low productivity is caused mostly by old coconut plants, not using high yielding varieties of coconut and maintenance activity not using cultivation technology. Nowadays, coconut productivity in Sarmi Regency is only 0.22 tons/ha, under the national coconut productivity 1.1 tons/ha. This paper discusses the prospects, constraints, and opportunities for developing coconut farming in Sarmi Regency, Papua. The area of coconut plantations in Sarmi Regency, coconut trees are only 60.6% productive, of which the rest is immature plantations, damaged plants and new plants. The existence of a large area of land is an opportunity for the development of smallholder coconut plantations in Sarmi Regency, Papua. The use of quality seeds and proper cultivation management is a necessity in increasing coconut production and agribusiness. Constraints faced in coconut agribusiness are the low productivity of smallholder coconut, post-harvest is not optimal, and production has not been able to be absorbed by the local market. The income per farmer in one coconut harvest is Rp. 600,449,- copra income Rp. 900,766,- and the income from coconut oil production is Rp. 1,000,871,-. The results of the feasibility calculation analysis show that the potential of smallholder coconut farming products in Sarmi Regency has an R/C ratio > 1, 1.71 (coconuts), 1.06 (copra) and 1.03 (coconut oil). Coconut agribusiness development strategy, namely the support of infrastructure to support the development of smallholder coconut plantations; Innovation in seed technology, cultivation, harvest and postharvest management; Empowerment and development of farmers; development of marketing networks through institutional participation.Keywords: Coconut, agribusiness, development AbstrakKabupaten Sarmi termasuk penghasil kelapa dengan luas areal tanaman produktif 5.085 ha atau 19,9% dari total areal kelapa di Provinsi Papua seluas 25.585 ha pada tahun 2019. Terjadi peningkatan luas areal pertanaman kelapa 60,96% dari tahun sebelumnya, namun tidak disertai dengan peningkatan produktivitas yang signifikan. Rendahnya produktivitas kelapa karena sebagian besar sudah tua, tidak berasal dari bibit unggul, dan tidak menerapkan teknologi dalam perawatan tanaman. Hingga saat ini produktivitas kelapa di Kabupaten Sarmi hanya 0,22 t/ha, jauh lebih rendah dari produktivitas nasional yang mencapai 1,1 t/ha. Makalah ini membahas prospek, kendala, dan peluang pengembangan usahatani kelapa di Kabupaten Sarmi, Papua. Areal perkebunan kelapa yang produktif di daerah ini hanya 60,6%, sisanya tanaman belum menghasilkan, rusak, dan baru. Lahan yang masih luas menjadi peluang pengembangan perkebunan kelapa rakyat di Kabupaten Sarmi, Papua. Penggunaan bibit berkualitas dan pengelolaan budidaya yang tepat menjadi keniscayaan dalam meningkatkan produksi dan agribisnis kelapa. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam agribisnis kelapa ialah rendahnya produktivitas kelapa rakyat, pascapanen tidak optimal, dan produksi belum mampu diserap pasar setempat. Pendapatan petani dari sekali panen buah kelapa adalah Rp 600.449, pendapatan dari kopra Rp 900.766, dan pendapatan dari produk minyak kelapa Rp 1.000.871. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, produk usahatani kelapa rakyat di Kabupaten Sarmi mempunyai R/C ratio 1,71 dalam bentuk buah kelapa, 1,06 dalam bentuk kopra, dan 1,03 dalam bentuk minyak kelapa. Artinya, produk kelapa dalam bentuk buah yang layak. Pengembangan agribisnis kelapa memerlukan dukungan sarana prasarana pendukung, inovasi teknologi perbenihan, budidaya, pengelolaan panen dan pascapanen. Selain itu diperlukan pemberdayaan dan pembinaan petani serta pengembangan jejaring pemasaran melalui kelembagaan.Kata kunci: Kelapa, agribisnis, pengembangan