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The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the leaves of five South Indian medicinal plants Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Curcuma longa, Moringa oleifera and Psidium guajava against nine clinical pathogens (Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). Plant extracts were prepared using solvents such as acetone, ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and Water at the concentration of 100 mg/ml. Bacteria were cultured in the minimal medium and the colonies characteristic features were studied to ascertain their purity. An agar diffusion methodology was adopted to determine the antibacterial activity of plants extract aginst the test organisms. The mimimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of acetone and ethonal plants extracts was evaluated. All the given pathogens were sensitive to acetone and ethanol extracts of the medicinal plants, followed by choloroform, and pertroluem ether extracts displayed the moderate antibacterial activity. The aqueous extracts of the plant leaves were scored the least antimicrobial action. Except aqueous extract, the Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were significantly sensitive to plants extracts. The MIC values of most of test organsism lie in between 700 µl/ml to 1000 µl/ml of plant extracts. Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Psidium guajava exhibited the board antimicrobial action against the given pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe blast injuries of large tyres are similar to those resulting from explosions with neither thermal nor chemical effects. The literature related to the destructive nature of these blasts is very sparse. This case aims to report the clinical management of a patient involved in large tyre blasts who presented with a severe soft tissue injury, comminuted mandible and associated multiple facial fractures due to a tyre blast injury. Results: Excellent results were obtained following reduction and fixation of fractures with primary suturing, as these types of injuries are prone to infection secondarily. Conclusion: Due to the etiology and severity of injury, these injuries are challenging to operate and are more prone to infection following surgery. These require careful management skills. Keywords: Maxillofacial injury, Tyre blast, Comminuted mandible, Internal fixation, Complications

Maxillofacial trauma is often associated with avulsion of teeth. Occasionally, there may be tooth aspiration either spontaneously or following intubation. We report a case of tooth aspiration in a patient of head injury and maxillofacial soft tissue injury following motor vehicle accident and have discussed regarding its incidence, sequelae, and management.