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Introduction: Several studies have shown comparable visual outcomes of SICS and phacoemulsification. Phacoemulsification is the standard surgical procedure for cataract in developed countries whereas the technique of cataract extraction varies in developing countries. Since the last decade small incision cataract surgery (SICS) has become a popular technique of cataract surgery in India and other developing countries. Anecdotally, it is believed that SICS is the appropriate technique for mature cataracts and phacoemulsification emulsification is more suitable for immature cataracts. Several comparable studies have shown similar visual outcome of the two surgical techniques but none of those previous studies had compared the surgical procedures on phacoemulsification suitable immature cataracts. Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of different types of surgical procedures (phacoemulsification versus SICS) for cataract surgery in immature cataract. Material and methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was carried out involving 339 and 394 patients with immature senile cataract selected for phacoemulsification and SICS, respectively. Statistics: Mean values with standard deviations were calculated. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of gender, age, and pre-operative visual acuity (p = 0.227). In group A, and in group B nearly 24.7% and 22.4% respectively of patients had good visual outcome (6/6-6/18). Poor outcome (unaided visual acuity <6/18) was noticed in 75.3% patients from group A and in 77.6% patients from group B. Statistics: Data were computed and analyzed using the SPSS software program vs 23. The p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in visual outcome on first post-operative day in between phacoemulsification and SICS technique. However, performing SICS was significantly faster. Small incision cataract surgery with implantation of rigid PMMA lens is a suitable surgical technique to treat immature cataract in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of phacoemulsification with that of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) in cases of hard nuclear cataract. Methods: 160 of 160 patients with gradual painless diminution of vision, diagnosed as senile nuclear cataract grade 4 or higher according to Lens Opacities Classification System III (brown cataract), were studied. These eyes were divided randomly into two groups: group A included 80 eyes treated by phacoemulsification by the vertical chopping technique and group B included 80 eyes treated by MSICS by the viscoexpression technique. Results: One day postoperatively, the corrected distance visual acuity was at least 6/18 in 42 (52.5%) patients in the SICS group and in 18 (22.5%) patients in the phacoemulsification group. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.01). A postoperative increase in intraocular pressure was recorded in 2 (2.5%) case in the phacoemulsification group. On the first postoperative day, 22 (27.5%) cases in the SICS group and 26 (32.5%) cases in the phacoemulsification group developed postoperative iritis, with no statistically significant difference between both the groups. Conclusion: Both phacoemulsification and SICS achieved comparable and excellent visual outcomes for treatment of hard brown cataract, with lower complications rates and earlier postoperative visual rehabilitation in small incision cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worl dover the most important yardstick for the countrys progress and prosperity is the Maternal Mortality Ratio and Infant Mortality Rate. Every year countries make a concreted efforts to better their figures and a most important aspect is the utilization of the maternal and neonatal services. Maternal health services have a very important bearing on the Maternal and Infant mortality rate and the prevailing socio economic and services offered are an important determining influences. Various studies in India have concluded socio-economic factors and service delivery environment as important determinants influencing maternal health services. Use of ANC increases the likelihood of skilled attendance at delivery, which later increases the use of postnatal care. To determine the factors influencing the Antenatal Care services. To assess the antenatal care services and socio-demographic factors affecting ANC services in rural areas of Lucknow. It was a community based Cross sectional study . This study was conducted for a period of 3 months, from July 2014 to September 2014. Sample Size: a total of 100 RDW were included in the study. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select 100 RDW .Information was collected on Age, Religion, Caste, Educational status of RDW, Type of Family and Socioeconomic class, ANC registration, Number of ANC visits, Number of TT Injection received, IFA received and consumed, Antenatal check up etc. 56% of RDW, belong to age group 18-25, years.Majority of RDW were Hindu(61%).60% of RDW had Nuclear type of family, most of the RDW (60%) belonged to class IV. Amongst these 48% RDW had three antenatal visits, where as 41% had more than three antenatal visits.100 % of RDW had government health facility as a place of ANC registration. no statically significant association was observed between the religion of RDW,and antenatal visits/IFA tablet consumption.(p>.05).Variables such as,socioeconomic status and educational status of RDW, were not significantly associated with either antenatal visits or IFA tablets,(p>.05) for all. In this study Antenatal care services were received by majority of RDW . The Utilization of ANC services was encouraging in the study area. Counseling on antenatal care is one of the main component of MCH services, but it was found to be lagging with respect to following components of antenatal care like birth preparedness and safe delivery, personal hygiene, rest, nutrition and management of ANC complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the developed world expectations about the quality of postoperative unaided vision are high. However, the refractive outcome is not always as predicted (so called refractive surprise), and patients who had not previously required glasses for distance vision but who require them after surgery can be extremely disappointed. Procedures to deal with this eventuality are available (such as exchanging the intraocular lens or adding another one and refractive laser surgery), and these may be appropriate depending on individual circumstances. In the developing world, the impact of rapid visual rehabilitation compensates for the extra cost of the intraocular lens used in the procedure. Worldwide, cataract is the single most important cause of blindness, and the second most common cause of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI) according to the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors Study. Cataract contributed to a worldwide 33.4% of all blindness and 18.4% of all MSVI3. These figures were lower in the high income countries (<15%) as compared to South and Southeast Asia (>40%)3. Since 1990 to 2010, the number of blind and visually impaired people due to cataract decreased by 11.4% and 20.2%, respectively, and the age consistent global prevalence of cataract related blindness and MSVI reduced by 46% and 50%, respectively3. During the same period, the total number of cataract surgeries more than tripled in the world and the Cataract Surgical Rate (CSR) increased in all regions, particularly in Asia, with improvement of surgical techniques and a lower rate of complications4,5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls are a major health issue amongst elderly. Early identification of falls in elderly would certainly reduce morbidity and mortality. Most of the falls in elderly can be attributed to the combination of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. A wide array of factors may be attributed to the falls in elderly. World Health Organization concept of Active Ageing could only be conceptualized if the risks of falls could be identified early in the course of an aging individual. However falls cannot be completed eliminated as risk factor of falls in elderly as it depends upon a wide array of factors. This study was conducted in the urban and rural field practice areas of Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital. This consists of Villages of Kakori block & mohallas of old Lucknow. People of either sex, 60 yrs of age and above residing in the field practice areas of Department Of Community Medicine constitute the study unit. It was a community based cross sectional study. The period of study was one year from October 2011 to September 2012 which was used for the development of study tools, collection of data, analysis and presentation of findings. Taking Prevalence as 50% and the value of allowable error, d to be as 5% the sample size was 400. A predesigned and pretested interview schedule was used to elicit information on sociodemographic characteristics and required information. In the present study 43.8% of the elderly males and 66.7% of the females in rural area had a fall within 12 months. However, 63.7% males and 69.7% females of urban area had a fall within 12 months. Less than one third 28.1% of males and 55.9% females in rural area had got injured due to fall within 12 months. In our study most common problem that was associated both with males and females elderly in rural areas were musculoskeletal problems that was followed by Eye problems and that was followed by cardiovascular problems. Majority of 76.4% of males and 78.4% of females of rural areas had musculoskeletal problems and 58.1% of males and 71.1% of females in urban areas had musculoskeletal problems. Overall 65.7% of males and 75.4% of females had musculoskeletal problems. India's elaborate system of Rural health care would be failing if the common problems of elderly are not addressed given to the fact that the proportion of elderly population are increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's a small wonder. Yes, nanotechnology is already touching our lives for better. The recent progress in the field of medicine has been phenomenal. None could have ever imagined that the Nanotechnology would have such a promising and extensive application in medical sciences. Right from developing newer therapeutics and imaging techniques to targeted drug delivery you can name it all. Nanotechnology science is still in its nascent stage with a long way to go. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. Manipulation of matter on a very small scale is Nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine is Nanomedicine. In fact in recent times no other branch has seen the amalgation of such varied disciplines including physicists, chemists, engineers and biologists. Nanotechnology is still a very nascent science. It needs to grow and as its grows its true virtues and vices would come to fore. At the most now we can say that it has a very promising future. The genesis of nanotechnology can be traced to the promise of revolutionary advances across medicine, communications, genomics and robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to evaluate effect of natural products i.e. Anthocephalus indicus; KADAM, roots, Hibiscus rosa sinensis roots, Tinospora cordifolia stem and Cassia tora seeds in normal healthy rats. In this study ethanol extract of above mentioned medicinal plants had macerated with aqueous gum acacia (2%, w/v) suspension and fed orally (500 mg/kg bw p.o.) to male adult healthy normal rats of Charles Foster strain for 30 days. Results of this study showing that alcoholic extracts caused no any significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids, free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and no significant increased in post heparin lipolytic activity, but on the other hand as per pre-existing data and my published studies in diabetic patients and diabetic experimental animals showed that extracts exerting all above effects significantly. That's why it is very clear here if healthy person will take natural products, it never cause hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia and under weight. Natural products also not cause any significant change on hepato-specific parameters. Thus from this study we conclude that, natural products are safe, non toxic and free from side effects, in comparison to synthetic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atheroscelerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) is also a leading cause of death and disability. Statins can reduce the risk and prevent heart diseases. One of the best studied medication and in randomized controlled trials have been proven to reduce the no of Heart attacks and stroke even in individuals with normal cholesterol levels. A small no of individuals may develop Diabetes on statins.The benefit from lowering the risk of death, heart attack and stroke are likely to outweigh the development of diabetes in those individuals. The beneficial effects of statins may not only be due to the cholesterol lowering effects but also due to cholesterol independent or pleiotropic effects. These benefits include endothelial protective functions, enhancing stability of atherosclerotic plaques and inhibiting vascular smooth muscle proliferation and platelet aggregation. It remains to be seen to what extent these pleiotropic benefits of statin therapy can be attributed beyond cholesterol lowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Otitis media (OM) is one of the most frequent diseases affecting humans and is prevalent in both developed and developing countries. It is the leading cause of hearing loss and is associated with significant morbidity. Children are at a greater risk and suffer most frequently from Otitis media. Studies show that 80% of children would have experienced at least one episode of Otitis media by their third birthday and 40% would have six or more recurrences by the age of 7 years. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out from Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Pediatrics at Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow during a time period of January 2014 to June 2015. A total 850 subjects were included in our study between 1 – 5 years with symptoms such as ear discharge, ear pain and itching in ear. Observations and Results: Out of 851 children under study 186 (21.9%) were diagnosed as Acute Otitis Media cases, 462 (54.3%) as Chronic Otitis Media cases and rest 203 (23.9%) children were diagnosed to be affected by Otitis Media With Effusion. Out of 851 cases 510 cases were found to be malnourished i.e. 59.9%. Conclusion: Otitis media has a strong positive association with malnutrition. (P < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1988 the world health assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis. The Live attenuated oral polio vaccine was the captain against the fight to eradicate poliomyelitis. It had indeed many advantages in the fight to eradicate polio. But despite its many advantages it has a risk for occurrence of rare cases of paralytic poliomyelitis among immunologically normal OPV recipients and additional risk of emergence of Vaccine derived polio virus(VDPVs). Poliovirus being an RNA virus are notorious for mutation. India is a polio free country since 2011 however endemicity of its neighbours are a detterent against dropping guard. This article reviews the introduction of Bivalent oral polio vaccine instead of trivalent oral polio vaccine and rationale of addition of Inactivated Polio vaccine on the road to the--Endgame Strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]