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Background: It is evident from the research in recent years that short sleep has been found as a risk factor for obesity. However, we still need enough evidence in this field. Therefore, we explored the directionality of the association between sleep duration and sleep quality with body mass index (BMI). Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of sleep duration and sleep quality with BMI among young adults. Objectives: (a) To assess the association of sleep duration with BMI. (b) To assess the quality of sleep with BMI. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 88 individuals selected from King George's Medical University were taken as participants. Majority of patients were males (67%). There were 29 (33.0%) females. Sex ratio of study was 2.03, and we used Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess time spent in bed and sleep quality. BMI was divided into 3 categories. Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2), obese grade I (25–34.9 kg/m2), obese grade II (35.0 kg/m2), and above. Results: We observed that short sleep duration ± SD (h) <6 h/day f = 9.04; P < 0.001 is associated with greater chances of being overweight and obese and mean sleep quality (mean PSQI ± SD) f = 12.24; P < 0.001 was poor in obese grade I and II. Mean neck and waist circumference also showed a significant increasing trend with increasing BMI category (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study concludes that short sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with overweight obesity among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In a normal healthy adult, sympathetic and parasympathetic system should be in synergy. Measuring resting heart rate is a one of the methods to assess health condition. It can be affected by different factors such as exercise, mental health, any disease, etc. Normal subjects with reduced heart rate are associated with better cardiovascular health. Physical inactivity is associated with high level of inflammatory markers. Increased inflammatory markers are related to inflammation and chronic diseases. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker of inflammatory diseases. High CRP level is a potent risk factor for obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, etc. Aim: To study the effect of short-term endurance and resistance exercises in healthy young adults on resting heart rate, CRP body mass index and also to compare the changes between two exercise groups. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to May 2020 in the Department of Physiology at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included 60 healthy young subjects with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and age between 18-25 years participated. Subjects were equally divided into endurance (group I) and resistance exercise (group II) groups. Subjects did moderate intensity exercise (based on maximum heart rate) for five days in a week for eight weeks. Endurance group did jogging. Resistance group did pushup, pull-up and squats. Target heart rate during moderate intensity of activities is 64-76% of maximum heart rate. Heart rate measurement was done before the start of exercise and after five to seven minutes of exercise when it reached 64-76% of maximum heart rate. It was measured by pulse oximeter. Follow-up was done after eight weeks of exercise training in both the groups. Evaluation was done by comparing resting heart rate and CRP level before the start of training and after the completion of training programme. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test and paired t-test. Results: Mean age of subjects of group I was found to be higher (19.98±1.26 years) as compared to group II (19.97±0.98 years). Mean pre-intervention BMI of both the groups was found to be similar (21.97±1.78 kg/m2). No statistically significant change in resting heart rate was found in both resistance group (p-value=0.096) and endurance group (p-value=0.326) after exercise training. Statistically significant increase in CRP was found in resistance group (p-value<0.001) and endurance group (p-value<0.001). The increment in CRP was more in endurance group (55.04%) than resistance group (35.34%). Conclusion: Short duration of exercises increase inflammation but no significant effect on resting heart rate was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Neena. Srivastava, Jai. Prakash, Apurva. Srivastava, Chandra. Agarwal, Deep. Pant, Balraj. Mittal Background: Over the last few decades, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have become main health evils. The health [...]

Byline: Neena. Srivastava, B. Achyut, Jai. Prakash, C. Agarwal, D. Pant, Balraj. Mittal Background: Imbalance in hormonal levels, regulated by host genetic factors, are known to be a major cause [...]

Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the association of 55 SNPs in 28 genes with obesity risk in a North Indian population using a multianalytical approach. Methods Overall, 480 subjects from the North Indian population were studied using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. SNP Genotyping was carried out by Sequenom Mass ARRAY platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA) and validated Taqman® allelic discrimination (Applied Biosystems®). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 19.0, SNPStats, GMDR software (version 6) and GENEMANIA. Results Logistic regression analysis of 55 SNPs revealed significant associations ( P < .05) of 49 SNPs with BMI linked obesity risk whereas the remaining 6 SNPs revealed no association ( P > .05). The pathway-wise G-score revealed the significant role ( P = .0001) of food intake-energy expenditure pathway genes. In CART analysis, the combined genotypes of FTO rs9939609 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 revealed the highest risk for BMI linked obesity. The analysis of the FTO-IRX3 locus revealed high LD and high order gene-gene interactions for BMI linked obesity. The interaction network of all of the associated genes in the present study generated by GENEMANIA revealed direct and indirect connections. In addition, the analysis with centralized obesity revealed that none of the SNPs except for FTO rs17818902 were significantly associated ( P < .05). Conclusions In this multi-analytical approach, FTO rs9939609 and IRX3 rs3751723, along with TCF7L2 rs7903146 and TMEM18 rs6548238, emerged as the major SNPs contributing to BMI linked obesity risk in the North Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is an increasingly important health problem worldwide as well as in developing countries like India. Recent genetic studies suggest that obesity associatedFTOandIRX3are functionally linked and many effects due to genetic variants inFTOgene act throughIRX3. Aim: To evaluate the association ofFTOandIRX3genetic variants towards obesity risk. Subjects and methods: North Indian individuals categorised as non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were selected.FTOrs8050136, rs1421085, rs9939609, rs17817449 andIRX3rs3751723 were genotyped by means of validated Taqman® allelic discrimination to evaluate their association with obesity by means of single locus logistic regression by SPSS ver. 19 and multi-locus linkage and haplotype analysis by SNPStats and gene–gene interaction with Generalised Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) ver.6. Results: In single locus analysis,FTOrs8050136 CA (p = 0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 2.4 (1.7–3.4) and AA (p = 0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 3.1 (1.9–5.2);FTOrs1421085 TA (p = 0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 2.1 (1.4–3.0) and AA (p = 0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 3.0 (1.8–5.0);FTOrs9939609 TC (p = 0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 2.1 (1.5–3.1) and CC (p = 0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 4.2 (2.5–7.3) along with TG (p = 0.001; OR (95% CI) = 2.1 (1.3–3.2) and GG (p = 0.021; OR (95% CI) = 3.8 (1.2–11.8) genotypes ofFTOrs17817449 with GT (p = 0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 2.1 (1.5–3.1) and TT (p = 0.012; OR (95% CI) = 3.3 (1.8–3.6) genotypes ofIRX3rs3751723 were significantly associated with obesity. In multi-locus analysis, SNPs ofFTOandIRX3were in strong linkage disequilibrium and in haplotype and GMDR analysis the SNPs were significantly associated with obesity risk (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This is the first study to reveal that genetic variants of bothFTOandIRX3genes are in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) and are associated with obesity risk in North Indians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]