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In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARSCoV-2) infection occurred in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China (East Asia) furthermore worldwide including India. On 30 January 2020, the first case of the COVID-19 pandemic was reported in India. India has reached more than 1.5 lakh confirmed cases including more than 4000 fatalities by dreadful COVID-19 infection. At present, there is no vaccine for prevention or medicine for treatment. Only preventive measures like frequently hand-wash by soap and water, or hand sanitizers along with social distancing are effective to avoid the exposure of this virus. Ayurveda is the oldest acknowledged organized medicine on the earth. Immunity has an important role in maintaining health and prevention of diseases. In Ayurveda, Rasayana drugs are known for their immunomodulation and rejuvenation properties. On March 31, 2020, Ministry of AYUSH has issued advisory for enhancing immunity through lifestyle modification, dietary management, prophylactic interventions and simple remedies based on the symptoms. After that successful implementation, Government of India has planned to conduct clinical trials on three herbal nootropic and immunomodulatory drugs viz. Ashwagandha, Guduchi and Mulethi and AYUSH-64 (Ayurvedic anti-malaria drug) for their preventive properties against Covid-19 infections. This review article covers summary of the COVID-19 i.e. transmission, clinical presentation, investigation and prevention along with preventive measures in according to Ayurveda that can be adopted for future clinical trial.

The first description of Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) is available in Sushruta Samhita written in 800 B.C. Recently, many pieces of research have proved that leech saliva has a variety of bioactive compounds including anti-thrombin (Hirudin, bufrudin), antiplatelet (calin), factor Xa inhibitors, antibacterial and other property. The main objective of the present article is to explore the procedures of leech therapy and research works done over a few decades on the application of leech therapy in different medico-surgical diseases. The procedure of leech therapy is documented from authors' observations and information, and its application in different diseases is gathered from various published works of the last ten years. Many clinical pieces of research show that leech therapy is beneficial in various medico-surgical diseases. A total of eight publications were included in the final selection after systematic analysis. Leech therapy or Jalaukavacharan is an ancient Ayurvedic bloodletting technique that has the great potential to manage many inflammatory, ischemic, and infectious diseases. Leech’s saliva contains many biologically and pharmacologically active compounds that exert anticoagulant, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and anti-edema effects in the host's body. Arthritis, venous congestion, vascular diseases, abscess, ischemic heart disease, etc. can be successfully managed by leech therapy.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection attacking mainly on the immune system of a body. It is a potentially fatal disease that is of public health and economy concern globally. In December 2019, COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China furthermore spread worldwide. Research is underway in many countries to develop effective vaccines and drugs for the COVID-19. In Ayurveda, Acharya Charaka explained the concept of an epidemic condition in Janapadodhwans Adhayay and combating of these diseases is to be done by Panchakarma (five procedures of purification), Rasayana Chikitsa (immune-modulators therapy) and Sadvritta (good conduct). Rasayan dravyas (immuno modulators drugs) of Ayurveda can be used for health promotion, immune-modulation, prevention and reduce disease burden from COVID-19. Drugs such as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifoloia (Willd.) Miers), Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica L.), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd), Chireta (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa L.) and Pippali ((Piper longum L.) For symptom management of COVID-19 like illness Agastya Haritaki, Anutaila, AYUSH–64 can be used. Scientific research on these drugs may reveal the new approach for the prevention and management of COVID-19. The main aim of this article is to review research which has already conducted and currently being carried out on the herbal plant for their immunomodulation property which have a possible application in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Ayurveda not only focus on preventive and promotional health but also has strong footing in the field of healthy progeny. Garbhini paricharya is essential for safe motherhood and healthy progeny. Garbhini Paricharya refers to antenatal care or prenatal which recommends Ahara (specific dietary regimen) and Vihara (activity for physical, mental and emotional well being). In Ayurveda, Garbhini paricharya is divided in three categories such as Masanumasik Pathya ahara and Vihara (monthly dietary regimen and lifestyle), Garbhasthapak karma (diet and activities for maintenance of pregnancy and better progeny) and avoidance of Garbhopaghatakar Bhavas (diet and activities which are harmful to fetus). Out of many factors which are responsible for overall development of fetus, Garbhini ahara-vihara plays very important role. We always say “you are what you eat” it may also be true that “you are what your mother ate”. Modern medical science also believes that fetal growth is dependent on appropriate diet and life style of pregnant mother. Abnormal diet and life style produce adverse effect on fetus. Organogenesis is that period when important organ of fetus are developing. It is 6-10 wks of intrauterine life. During this period fetus is most at risk from birth defects caused by external factors. Many diseases and fetal development disorders are consider as being related to prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC).

Introduction: Prakriti determination in an infant helps to live more healthy and prosperous life by changing their rearing plan accordingly to prevent onset of related disorders in future. Validation under this study was planned to evaluate the agreement between Infant’s Prakriti Assessment questionnaire (IPAQ) and PRS-IPA (Prototype Research Software-Infant Prakriti Assessment), a software for Prakriti assessment in infants. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Sir Sunderlal Hospital BHU and data were analyzed through two step Prakriti determination process i.e. first, by Infant’s Prakriti Assessment questionnaire (IPAQ) and second by PRS-IPA. Validation was done by Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Observations and Result: In this study, Cohen's kappa coefficient was found 0.955 which is highly significant. Prakriti assessed by PRS-IPA software is valid. Validation by Spearman’s Rank Correlation coefficient was also found highly significant (p=0.000). Discussion & Conclusion: The data, derived from spearman’s and kappa suggest its validity and PRS-IPA can be used for the Prakriti assessment with accuracy in infants.

Background: Cerebral palsy is a disorder of motor control due to a static lesion of the developing brain. It was described almost 150 years ago. Global incidence of Cerebral Palsy is 2 to 2.5/1000 children but in Indian scenario, incidence is 03.8% of population. In India about twenty-five Lakh children are suffering from cerebral palsy. Most common type of cerebral palsy is spastic which cover 70% to 75% of overall. There is no exact correlation found for cerebral palsy in Ayurvedic literature but may be the result of Shiromarmabhighata (injury to brain) and can be considered as Vata Vikara or Vata Vyadhi (neurological disorders). Aim: To assess the effect of certain oral medication with Purvakarma (preparatory procedures) and Panchakarma procedures (Five-fold measures of Bio-cleansing) in the management of Cerebral Palsy (CP). Material and Method: In this case study, one case of Spastic cerebral palsy was registered and treated with multiple Ayurvedic treatment modalities. Total period of treatment was 93 days in which 5 days of Abhyanga (Massage) with Nadi swedana (steam kettle Sudation), 5 days of Abhyanga (Massage) with Shashti Shali Pinda Swedana (a type of Sudation) and then 7 days of Matra Vasti (Enema by Medicated oil in small dose) by Ksheera Bala Taila; this schedule of treatment was given three times with a gap of 14 days. Vacha mula (Root of Acorus calamus) and Samvardhana Ghrita was given as internal medication during the total course of treatment. Results were assessed by progress in delayed milestone, anthropometrical measurement, modified Ashworth scale, muscle power grading and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) scale. Result: Treatment protocol of oral medication with Panchkarma delivered better result in CP patient, especially improving anthropometric data (weight, height, chest circumference), delaying milestone (walking and language), reducing spasticity and improved Quality of Life (QOL). Conclusion: Cerebral palsy is a disorder of motor function. The cause originates from the brain sometime during its developmental period. Internal medication along with Purvakarma (preparatory procedures) and Panchakarma (Five-fold measures of Bio-cleansing) give significant improvement in all the facets of spastic CP.

Customer focus is an essential part of Quality Management System (QMS). Customer surveys act as critical mechanism for gathering customer feedback that gives an additional insight into health of QMS of any organization. Their opinion is a resource for improving organization’s performance. The present work is done to increase customer satisfaction in an R&D organization. The organization under consideration is ISO certified for the last thirteen years. The deficit customer satisfaction index (CSI) was observed after quantitative data analysis of customer feedback. Detailed investigation on possible causes was done to find out the root cause behind less CSI obtained. In context of ineffective utilization of existing procedures of technical activities, new procedure was evolved to ensure full utilization by consideration of attributes adversely affecting CSI. The developed procedure has contributed in improving customer satisfaction. Various QMS practices based on ISO 9001 have been addressed in the present study. This paper had given on how an organization can improve its processes by using the main valuable features of ISO 9001 QMS. The results give practical solutions to the service providing the R&D organization to improve customer satisfaction.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease whose major characteristics persistent joint inflammation that results in joint destruction and failure of the function. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat is an autoimmune disease model and in many ways shares features with RA. The CIA is associated with systemic manifestations, including alterations in the metabolism. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics has been successfully applied to the perchloric acid extract of the joint tissue of CIA rat and control rat for the analysis of aqueous metabolites. GPC (Glycerophosphocholine), carnitine, acetate, and creatinine were important discriminators of CIA rats as compared to control rats. Level of lactate (significance; p = 0.004), alanine (p = 0.025), BCA (Branched-chain amino acids) (p = 0.006) and creatinine (p = 0.023) was significantly higher in CIA rats as compared to control rats. Choline (p = 0.038) and GPC (p = 0.009) were significantly reduced in CIA rats as compared to control rats. Choline to GPC correlation was good and negative (Pearson correlation = -0.63) for CIA rats as well as for control rats (Pearson correlation = -0.79). All these analyses collectively considered as metabolic fingerprinting of the joint tissue of CIA rat as compared to control rat. The metabolic fingerprinting of joint tissue of CIA rats was different as compared to control rats. The metabolic fingerprinting reflects inflammatory disease activity in CIA rats with synovitis, demonstrating that underlying inflammatory process drives significant changes in metabolism that can be measured in the joint tissue. Therefore, the outcome of this study may be helpful for understanding the mechanism of metabolic processes in RA. This may be also helpful for the development of advanced diagnostic methods and therapy for RA., EXCLI Journal;Vol. 17 2018