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1. Mycorrhizal inoculation effects on growth and the mycobiome of poplar on two phytomanaged sites after 7-year-short rotation coppicing

Author

Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Olivier Girardclos, Cyril Zappelini, Philippe Binet, Valerie Bert, Damase Khasa, Damien Blaudez, and Michel Chalot

Subjects
ectomycorrhizal, endophytic fungi, Populus, phytomanagement, Skado clone, fungal diversity, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

AimsAfforestation of trace-element contaminated soils, notably with fast growing trees, has been demonstrated to be an attractive option for bioremediation due to the lower costs and dispersion of contaminants than conventional cleanup methods. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with plants, contributing to their tolerance towards toxic elements and actively participating to the biorestoration processes. The aim of this study was to deepen our understanding on the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant development and fungal community at two trace-element contaminated sites (Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France) planted with poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus maximowiczii).MethodsThe 2 sites were divided into 4 replicated field blocks with a final plant density of 2200 tree h-1. Half of the trees were inoculated with a commercial inoculum made of a mix of mycorrhizal species. The sites presented different physico-chemical characteristics (e.g., texture: sandy soil versus silty-loam soil and organic matter: 5.7% versus 3.4% for Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, respectively) and various trace element contamination levels.ResultsAfter 7 years of plantation, inoculation showed a significant positive effect on poplar biomass production at the two sites. Fungal composition study demonstrated a predominance of the phylum Ascomycota at both sites, with a dominance of Geopora Arenicola and Mortierella elongata, and a higher proportion of ectomycorrhizal and endophytic fungi (with the highest values observed in Fresnes-sur-Escaut: 45% and 28% for ECM and endophytic fungi, respectively), well known for their capacity to have positive effects on plant development in stressful conditions. Furthermore, Pierrelaye site showed higher frequency (%) of mycorrhizal tips for ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) and higher intensity (%) of mycorrhizal root cortex colonization for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) than Fresnes-sur-Escaut site, which translates in a higher level of diversity.ConclusionsFinally, this study demonstrated that this biofertilization approach could be recommended as an appropriate phytomanagement strategy, due to its capacity to significantly improve poplar productivity without any perturbations in soil mycobiomes.

Published
2022
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2. Assessment of microbial communities colonizing the Azé prehistoric cave

Author

Badr Alaoui-Sosse, Shinji Ozaki, Lionel Barriquand, Daniele De Luca, Paola Cennamo, Benoit Valot, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Pascale Bourgeade, Faisl Bousta, Lotfi Aleya, and Stéphane Pfendler

Subjects
Archeology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Materials Science (miscellaneous), Conservation, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Spectroscopy
Published
2023
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3. Factors inducing bryophyte growth on prehistoric pigments and effect of UV-C treatment

Author

Olympe Einhorn, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Faisl Bousta, Lotfi Aleya, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Stéphane Pfendler, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France, and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
Cyanobacteria, Ultraviolet Rays, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Microorganism, Bryophyta, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pigment, Cave, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Growth rate, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Chemistry, General Medicine, Bryophyte . UV-C irradiation . Cave . Conservation . Mineral pigment, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Moss, Caves, Biofilms, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bryophyte, France
Abstract

International audience; In La Glacière cave (France), the touristic activity has been conducted to an environmental parameter change that has led tophotosynthetic organism proliferation (microalgae, diatoms, cyanobacteria, bryophytes). The present study is focused on bryophyte development occurring in the show cave that was responsible of limestone biodeterioration. In order to understand thecolonization process of limestone, we have maintained limestone blocks under optimal Lampenflora growth conditions.Moreover, some limestone blocks were painted with several pigments that were used in the prehistory (e.g., red ocher, bonechar). Microorganisms and bryophyte growth were monitored during 1 year, and then, the block samples were treated using UVC light (254 nm). Thus, obtained results were compared with in situ treatment in La Glacière cave. Results have showed densebryophyte propagation on the several blocks. However, the growth rate was correlated with the chemical composition of thepigment. In fact, the presence of some chemical elements such as As, Cr, Ti, and Co contributed to reduce bryophyte growth.Finally, moss treatment using UV-C light has demonstrated high efficiency under in situ condition, while a fast recolonization hasbeen observed for samples maintained in laboratory. This difference was explained by the high bryophyte density underlaboratory conditions that make UV-C light penetration difficult.

Published
2020
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4. Does Microbial Diversity of Cave Ecosystems Differ from Outside? The Case of the Azé Show Cave (France)

Author

Pascale Bourgeade, Daniele De Luca, Shinji Ozaki, Lotfi Aleya, Faisl Bousta, Benoit Vallot, Paola Cennamo, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Lionel Barriquand, and Stéphane Pfendler

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cave, Ecology, Microbial diversity, Ecosystem
Abstract

In recent decades, the Azé cave has begun to suffer from microorganism proliferation due to artificial lighting installations for touristic activity. The present work aims at understanding the origin of the Lampenflora and bacterial community populating inside the cave. We performed high throughput sequencing of the communities populating the outside, the entrance and the inside of the Azé cave. Our results indicated that 68.2–74.5% of the phototrophic community was represented by Eukaryotes, and 25.5 to 31.8% by cyanobacteria regardless of the sampled area. We observed a decrease of bacterial and phototroph species richness from the outside to the bottom of the cave. The phototrophic communities were significantly different in term of specific OTU richness but not in term of composition. For photosynthetic organisms, only 4 OTU were specific to the inside of the cave, representing less than 0.1% of the total OTUs. On the contrary, more than 400 bacterial OTUs were specific to the inside of the cave. These metabarcoding-based findings in the Azé cave revealed a complex community structure that is similar but less diverse in comparison to the outside.

Published
2021
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5. Fungal and bacterial outbreak in the wine vinification area in the Saint-Marcel show cave

Author

Françoise Girardot, Stéphane Pfendler, Delphine Dupuy, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Didier Cailhol, Séverine Allegra, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Grotte de Saint-Marcel, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire EVS-ISTHME France, Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), and UMR CNRS 5600 EVS-ISTHME

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Microorganism, Sequencing Show cave, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wine, Fungus, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Disease Outbreaks, Cave, Guehomyces pullulans, Botany, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Fungal outbreak, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bacteria, Fungi, Outbreak, social sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, musculoskeletal system, Pollution, humanities, Bacterial communities, Caves, Biodeterioration, Zasmidium cellare, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Juice clarification, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; In the Saint-Marcel cave (France), wood barrels and thousands of bottles containing red wine were stored for vinification. After storage began, a fungal and bacterial outbreak occurred, and the area was invaded by numerous types of mold colonizing the cave ceilings and all objects related to human activities (the stairwell and oenological materials). In this study, using the metabarcoding approach, we have studied the microbial outbreak and have linked the identified microorganisms to oenological activity. Both 16S and ITS primers were used to sequence the samples collected from the cave. The results showed that the dominant microorganisms proliferating in the cave were related to wine vinification. For instance, Zasmidium cellare, a strain known for living in dark and ethanol-rich environments, was the dominant fungus on the cave stairwell. Furthermore, Guehomyces pullulans, a cold-adapted yeast used for juice clarification, was recorded as the major species on the blackened limestone ceilings. These findings reveal a complex community structure in the studied cave based on the assembly of bacteria and fungi. Finally, our results demonstrate that oenological activities could seriously affect cave preservation, changing the natural microbial communities populating cave environments.

Published
2020
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6. Poplar rotation coppice at a trace element-contaminated phytomanagement site: A 10-year study revealing biomass production, element export and impact on extractable elements

Author

Olivier Girardclos, Vincent Driget, Stéphane Pfendler, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Isabelle Lamy, Loïc Yung, Michel Chalot, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Environmental Engineering, Rotation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Coppicing, Nutrient, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Hectare, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Trace element, Salix, 15. Life on land, Wood, Pollution, Trace Elements, Plant Leaves, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Agronomy, Metals, visual_art, Field trial, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bark
Abstract

Growing lignocellulosic crops on marginal lands could compose a substantial proportion of future energy resources. The potential of poplar was explored, by devising a field trial of two hectares in 2007 in a metal-contaminated site to quantify the genotypic variation in the growth traits of 14 poplar genotypes grown in short-rotation coppice and to assess element transfer and export by individual genotypes. Our data led us to conclusions about the genotypic variations in poplar growth on a moderately contaminated site, with the Vesten genotype being the most productive. This genotype also accumulated the least amounts of trace elements, whereas the Trichobel genotype accumulated up to 170 mg Zn kg−1 DW in the branches, with large variation being exhibited among the genotypes for trace element (TE) accumulation. Soil element depletion occurred for a range of TEs, whereas the soil content of major nutrients and the pH remained unchanged or slightly increased after 10 years of poplar growth. The higher TE content of bark tissues compared with the wood and the higher proportion of bark in branches compared with the wood led us to recommend that only stem wood be harvested, instead of the whole tree, which will enable a reduction in the risks encountered with TE-enriched biomass in the valorization process.

Published
2020
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7. Bacterial diversity on an abandoned, industrial wasteland contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans and trace metals

Author

Sandrine Hughes, Anne Emilie Bouchardon, Séverine Allegra, Olivier Faure, Carine Rey, Stéphane Pfendler, Jean Luc Bouchardon, Cyrille Conord, Benjamin Gillet, Frédéric Paran, Françoise Girardot, Anna Hua, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Inflammasome NLRP3 – NLRP3 Inflammasome, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne - Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENSL) - Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule (CNRS UMR 5239), ENSL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - ENSL - CNRS - Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (UMR 5242), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne - EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Lillouch, Fatima, Hughes, Sandrine, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Polychlorobiphenyls, 16S metagenomics, Soil Pollutants, Trace metal, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Contamination, Pollution, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, Metals, Environmental chemistry, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, dibenzofurans, Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, Dioxins, Actinobacteria, Community-level physiological profiling, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Furans, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Brownfield, Bacteria, Trace element, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 15. Life on land, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Incineration, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acidobacteria
Abstract

International audience; Most former industrial sites are contaminated by mixtures of trace elements and organic pollutants. Levels of pollutants do not provide information regarding their biological impact, bioavailability and possible interactions between substances. There is genuine interest in combining chemical analyses with biological investigations. We studied a brownfield where several industrial activities were carried out starting in the 1970s, (incineration of pyralene transformers, recovery of copper by burning cables in the open air). Four representative plots showing different levels of polychlorobiphenyls were selected. Organic and trace metal levels were measured together with soil pedological characteristics. The bacterial community structure and functional diversity were assessed by 16S metagenomics with deep sequencing and community-level physiological profiling. Additionally, a vegetation survey was performed. Polychlorobiphenyls (8 mg.kg−1 to 1500 mg.kg−1) were from 2.4 × 103-fold to 6 × 105-fold higher than the European background level of 2.5 μg.kg−1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans ranged from 0.5 to 8.0 μg.kg−1. The soil was also contaminated with trace metals, i.e., Cu > 187, Zn > 217 and Pb > 372 mg.kg−1. Location within the study area, trace metal content and soil humidity were stronger determinants than organic pollutants of bacterial community structures and activities. Thus, the highest biological activity and the greatest bacteriological richness were observed in the plot that was less contaminated with trace metals, despite the high level of organic pollutants in the plot. Moreover, trace element pollution was associated with a relatively low presence of Actinobacteria and Rhizobia. The plot with the highest metal contamination was rich in metal-resistant bacteria such as Sphingomonadales, Geodermatophilaceae and KD4–96 (Chloroflexi phylum). Acidobacteria and Sphingomonadales, capable of resisting trace metals and degrading persistent organic pollutants, were dominant in the plots that had accumulated metal and organic contamination, but bacterial activity was lower in these plots than in the other plots.

Published
2020
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8. Comparison of biocides, allelopathic substances and UV-C as treatments for biofilm proliferation on heritage monuments

Author

Stéphane Pfendler, Lotfi Aleya, Fabien Borderie, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Faisl Bousta, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation ( CRC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cyanobacteria, Archeology, Biocide, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Microorganism, Conservation, 010501 environmental sciences, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Algae, Botany, Autotroph, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spectroscopy, Allelopathy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Chemistry, Biofilm, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Abstract

UV-C and biocide treatments are frequently used to treat historical monuments contaminated by autotrophic biofilms. In this study, the authors compare for the first time the efficacy of these treatments against microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and algae proliferating in the Vicherey church (Vicherey, Vosges Department, France). To identify the most environmentally friendly and also efficient method, an allelopathic treatment was also tested. Colorimetric and physiological measurements of treated biofilms were thus monitored for 6 months. Fungi growing on necrotic matter from treated biofilms were sampled and sequenced. With biocides, results showed incomplete eradication of biofilms, even after two treatments. Biofilm color loss was delayed in comparison to UV-C treatment, which appeared more efficient after just one treatment. Moreover, quantum yield (Fv/Fm) decreased immediately after UV-C treatment, indicating inhibition of algae and cyanobacteria photosynthesis. However, two species of fungi colonized the cyanobacteria biofilms treated with UV-C. Allelopathic treatment was not efficient on biofilm and showed no deleterious effect on photosynthesis. The present findings demonstrate that the UV-C method, coupled with a cleaning phase for necrotic organic matter, may be considered environmentally friendly and the best alternative to chemicals.

Published
2018
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9. Accroître le panel d'espèces ligneuses dans une stratégie de phytomanagement des sols pollués par les éléments traces

Author

Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Richard, M., Cyril Zappelini, Daniel Soupe, Damien Blaudez, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

10. UV-C as an Efficient Means to Combat Biofilm Formation in Cultural Heritage Monument. Biodiversity and Impact on Prehistoric Pigments?

Author

Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Abderrahim Khatyr, Stéphane Pfendler, Lotfi Aleya, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Faisl Bousta, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Cyanobacteria, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Microorganism, Biofilm, Chlorophyceae, 010501 environmental sciences, biology.organism_classification, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Pigment, Algae, visual_art, Botany, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bacteria, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Caves are considered oligotrophic habitats exhibiting constant temperature and relative humidity throughout the year. While darkness inhibits photosynthetic microorganism growth, introducing artificial lights to promote touristic activity can induce algae and cyanobacteria proliferation. Besides the aesthetic problem, microorganisms are responsible of physical and chemical degradation of limestone wall with possibly a degradation of prehistoric painting of cultural value. In our studies, we identified lampenflora with new-generation sequencing (NGS) in five French show caves and also on a 180, 000 years old contaminated bear bones (Ursus deningeroides). Afterward, we attempted to find an ecological and efficient method to eradicate photosynthetic biofilms. Our previous works showed the good efficiency of UV-C against biofilms. To ensure the safety of UV-C treatment, pigments used for prehistoric parietal painting were strongly irradiated around 4800 kJ m−2. Afterward, we treated all biofilms in La Glaciere show cave. Following the treatment, irradiated biofilm color evolution was monitored. Results of sequencing showed that biofilms were mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, chlorophyceae, and diatoms. Multicellular mosses were also present in each biofilm. Furthermore, X-ray crystallography, infrared spectroscopy, and colorimetric measurement showed no change in pigment color nor in their chemical structure. Finally, UV-C treatment results showed that biofilms were completely eradicated with no algae proliferation observed after 21 months. Moreover, a complete bleaching is obtained with UV-C, which is not always the case with chemical conventional methods. In conclusion, the use of UV-C could be considered as an environmentally friendly good alternative to chemical products. Moreover, microorganisms are killed by radiation, while no change in pigment color nor in their chemical structure has been observed.

Published
2018
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11. Poplar-based phytomanagement of metal-contaminated sites: effect of mycorrhizal inoculation & associated fungal diversity

Author

Michel CHALOT, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Cyril Zappelini, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

12. Poplar-based phytomanagement of metal-contaminated sites: associated fungal diversity & effect of mycorrhizal inoculation

Author

Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Cyril Zappelini, Phonethip Phanthavongsa, Sébastien Roy, Valérie Bert, Damien Blaudez, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agronutrition, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

13. Assessment of fungi proliferation and diversity in cultural heritage: Reactions to UV-C treatment

Author

Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Stéphane Pfendler, Battle Karimi, Lotfi Aleya, Faisl Bousta, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japon, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques (LRMH, Paris), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ultraviolet Rays, Proliferation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, UV-C treatment, food, Cave, Ascomycota, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Agar, Animals, Organic matter, Penicillium bilaiae, High throughput sequencing, Waste Management and Disposal, Mycelium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cell Proliferation, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Fungi, Outbreak, Ochroconis lascauxensis, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, humanities, Spore, Caves, chemistry, Biofilms, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France
Abstract

International audience; Fungi are present in natural and non-touristic caves due to the presence of organic matter provided mainly by insects or animals such as bats. In show caves, however, tourist infrastructure and the visitors themselves are an important source of organic matter. In addition, photosynthetic biofilms provide a high amount of carbon and nitrogen sources for fungi. This study was conducted to identify the fungal communities present in caves along with the potential use of UV-C treatment against their proliferation. Thus, fungal communities proliferating in biofilms in six French and Swiss show caves were analyzed using high throughput sequencing. The results show 385 species recorded, some of them previously described in cases of fungal outbreak. This preliminary study also aimed to test the use of UV-C light as an environmentally friendly method to treat fungal proliferation. Six fungal strains, from three different sources (Lascaux cave, La Glaciere cave, a church in Vicherey, France), were cultivated in an agar dish. Spores, mycelia and the entire colony were irradiated using several UV-C intensities. Results showed that four of the six fungi spores and mycelium died following a low-intensity UV-C treatment (2 kJ m(-2), 160 s), though Ochroconis lascauxensis and Penicillium bilaiae spores showed higher resistance. Finally, it was demonstrated that the fungal colony could resist the UV-C light due to a shadow effect. The structure of the fungal colony was affected from the periphery to its inner part. However, after four 30 kJ m(-2) treatments (39 min irradiation) all strains there definitively eradicated. Further studies will be necessary to examine the potential of UV-C light under cave conditions as a preventive and curative treatment.

Published
2018
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14. Increasing the panel of tree species for the phytomanagement of marginal lands

Author

Michel CHALOT, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Julien Parelle, Fabienne Tatin-Froux, Christelle Moyen, Damien Blaudez, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

15. Effects of UV-C radiation on Chlorella vulgaris, a biofilm-forming alga

Author

Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Faisl Bousta, Lotfi Aleya, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Stéphane Pfendler, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Recherches des Monuments Historiques, Service du Ministère de la Culture, Direction du Patrimoine, Sous-direction des monuments historiques, Champs sur Marne, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Photosystem II, Chlorella vulgaris, Biofilm, Plant physiology, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biodegradation, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Chlorophyll, Respiration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Food science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Photosynthetic biofilms proliferating on heritage monuments represent a major threat for curators leading to biodegradation and esthetic issues. Previous studies demonstrated that UV-C, used as a tool for biofilm eradication, is a promising avenue to combat microbial proliferation. In this study, this environmentally friendly method was tested on biofilm-forming Chlorella vulgaris suspension. Algal physiological response to UV-C was then assessed. Results showed that > 10 kJ m−2 UV-C exposure was enough to directly kill cells whereas low UV-C exposure reduced quantum yield of photosystem II and inhibited both respiration and photosynthesis. Clear relationships between UV-C exposure times and physiological responses were found. In addition, the use of VIS-light after UV-C treatment enhances chlorophyll bleaching. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the physiological responses of Chlorella vulgaris to UV-C radiation allowing thus an optimization of the UV-C treatment reported in our previous studies.

Published
2018
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16. Bleaching of biofilm-forming algae induced by UV-C treatment: a preliminary study on chlorophyll degradation and its optimization for an application on cultural heritage

Author

Thomas Munch, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Stéphane Pfendler, Faisl Bousta, Lotfi Aleya, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Recherches des Monuments Historiques, Service du Ministère de la Culture, Direction du Patrimoine, Sous-direction des monuments historiques, Champs sur Marne, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Chlorophyll b, Chlorophyll, Chlorophyll a, Geologic Sediments, Photosystem II, Light, Ultraviolet Rays, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Chlorophyta, Chlorella, 010501 environmental sciences, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Algae, Botany, Microalgae, Environmental Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Caves, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biofilms, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France
Abstract

Green microalgae colonizing stone surfaces represent a major problem for the conservation of heritage monuments, since they lead to biodegradation and aesthetic issues. Previous studies in La Glaciere show cave (France) have demonstrated that UV-C may have a strong effect on microalgae, thus leading to chlorophyll bleaching, which was increased when biofilms were maintained under VIS-light condition unlike to those maintained in the dark. To understand the physiological mechanisms underlying this response and in order to optimize in situ treatment, 30 kJ m−2 UV-C exposure times were applied to Chlorophyta Chlorella sp. and chlorophyll degradation kinetics were then monitored. UV-C irradiation was enough to inhibit photosynthesis and to directly kill all algal cells. Results also showed that chlorophyll a was degraded faster than chlorophyll b and that 14 h were necessary for complete degradation of all the present chlorophyll. In addition, our results highlighted the importance of visible light exposition after UV-C treatment which leading to chlorophyll bleaching. Irradiated algae cultivated in the dark were still green 5 days after treatment while cultivated samples in the light lost their green color after 14 h. An efficient UV-C treatment applicable to show caves and other heritage monuments was proposed.

Published
2017
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17. Biofilm biodiversity in French and Swiss show caves using the metabarcoding approach: First data

Author

Stéphane Pfendler, Lotfi Aleya, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Benoît Valot, Faisl Bousta, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Battle Karimi, Pierre-Alain Maron, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ministere de la Culture et de la Communication (France), Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques (LRMH, Paris), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Recherches des Monuments Historiques, Service du Ministère de la Culture, Direction du Patrimoine, Sous-direction des monuments historiques, Champs sur Marne, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cyanobacteria, Environmental Engineering, Microorganism, 030106 microbiology, Conservation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Cave, Algae, Ascomycota, Chlorophyta, Botany, Microalgae, Environmental Chemistry, Dominance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, Illumina dye sequencing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Trebouxiophyceae, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Microorganism communities, Caves, Biofilms, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Metabarcoding, Environmental Pollutants, Paintings, France, Switzerland
Abstract

International audience; In recent decades, show caves have begun to suffer from microorganism proliferation due to artificial lighting installations for touristic activity. In addition to the aesthetic problem, light encourages microorganisms that are responsible for physical and chemical degradation of limestone walls, speleothems and prehistoric paintings of cultural value. Microorganisms have previously been described by microscopy or culture-dependent methods, but data provided by new generation sequencing are rare. The authors identified, for the first time, microorganisms proliferating in one Swiss and in four French show caves using three different primers. The results showed that both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria were the dominant taxa present in biofilms. Microalgae were heavily represented by the Trebouxiophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae and Chlorophyceae groups. Twelve diatoms were also recorded, with dominance of Syntrichia sp. (96.1%). Fungi were predominantly represented by Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota, fully half of the sampled biofilms where Fungi were detected. Comparing microbial communities from bleach-treated caves to those in untreated caves showed no significant difference except for a low-level change in the abundance of certain taxa. These findings provided by Illumina sequencing reveal a complex community structure in the 5 caves based on the assembly of bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, diatoms, fungi and mosses.

Published
2017
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18. UV-C as a means to combat biofilm proliferation on prehistoric paintings: evidence from laboratory experiments

Author

Abderrahim Khatyr, Lotfi Aleya, Stéphane Pfendler, Faisl Bousta, Olympe Einhorn, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Debray, Bernard, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Recherches des Monuments Historiques, Service du Ministère de la Culture, Direction du Patrimoine, Sous-direction des monuments historiques, Champs sur Marne, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pigments, Change pigment, Ultraviolet Rays, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Cyanobacteria, 01 natural sciences, Laboratory, Prehistoric paintings, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Pigment, Cave painting, Paint, Binders, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, UV-C, History, Ancient, Lampenflora, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Painting, Biofilm, General Medicine, Plants, Pollution, humanities, Caves, 030104 developmental biology, Biofilms, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Paintings, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; A laboratory investigation of UV-C effects was conducted over a 62-h period: a much higher dose than in classic UV-C treatment was applied to five pigments and two painting binders used by prehistoric humans. Colorimetric parameters were compared to a control to see if UV-C can change pigment and binder color. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma and X-ray crystallography were also carried out to confirm colorimetric measurement. In order to understand how microorganism may physically deteriorate paintings, limestone blocks were painted and monitored until their complete colonization by algae, cyanobacteria, fungi and/or mosses. The results show that UV-C has no effect on mineral compounds. Conversely, it is noteworthy that binder color changed under both UV-C light conditions as well as in visible light. Concerning painted blocks, a fast proliferation has been observed with deterioration of the paintings. These results show the high importance of treating biofilm as soon as possible. Moreover, these findings may be a promising avenue inducing cave managers to use friendly UV-C light to treat contaminated cave paintings and also in the prevention of biodeterioration by lampenflora.

Published
2017
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19. UV-C as an efficient means to combat biofilm formation in show caves: evidence from the La Glacière Cave (France) and laboratory experiments

Author

Lotfi Aleya, Stéphane Pfendler, Faisl Bousta, Olympe Einhorn, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse, Battle Karimi, Didier Cailhol, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Laboratoire de Recherches des Monuments Historiques, Service du Ministère de la Culture, Direction du Patrimoine, Sous-direction des monuments historiques, Champs sur Marne, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Algae, Ultraviolet Rays, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Microorganism, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Conservation, 010501 environmental sciences, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, 040501 horticulture, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Pigment, Bleaching effect, Cave, Algae . Caves . Conservation .UV-C irradiation . Bleaching effect, UV-C irradiation, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Bacteria, Biofilm, Fungi, Sterilization, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Sterilization (microbiology), biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Caves, visual_art, Biofilms, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Paintings, France, 0405 other agricultural sciences
Abstract

EA BIOmE; International audience; Ultra-violet C (UV-C) treatment is commonly used in sterilization processes in industry, laboratories, and hospitals, showing its efficacy against microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, or fungi. In this study, we have eradicated for the first time all proliferating biofilms present in a show cave (theLa Glacière Cave, Chaux-lès-Passavant, France).Colorimetric measurements of irradiated biofilms were then monitored for 21 months. To understand the importance of exposition of algae to light just after UVradiation, similar tests were carried out in laboratory conditions. Since UV-C can be deleterious for biofilm support, especially parietal painting,we investigated their effects on prehistoric pigment. Results showed complete eradication of cave biofilms with no algae proliferation observed after 21 months. Moreover, quantum yield results showed a decrease directly after UV-C treatment, indicating inhibition of algae photosynthesis. Furthermore, nochanges in pigment color nor in chemical and crystalline properties has been demonstrated. The present findings demonstrate that the UV-C method can be considered environmentally friendly and the best alternative to chemicals. This inexpensive and easily implemented method is advantageousfor cave owners and managers.

Published
2017
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20. Planting trees at phytomanagement sites: recommendations from field trials

Author

Michel CHALOT, Stéphane Pfendler, Cyril Zappelini, Damien Blaudez, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

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