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Recycling LED lamp technology requires a change from the traditional bulk material-based recovery process. Unlike preceding lighting technology, LED lamps cannot be recycled to meet the regulatory minimum recycling rate of 80% due to multi-materials, including small quantity precious metals, which reduce the sorting efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the challenges have been approached in the scientific literature in this context. The review article investigates the circular solutions to the challenges that the end of life LED lamp management is facing. This review applies PRISMA systematic literature review to locate the relevant studies and investigate whether the proposed processes can increase the recycling rate, using the circular economy strategy as a theoretical framework. Several recycling processes have been proposed in the academic literature. However, the techniques have not been evaluated against the circular economy strategies to identify current gaps and possible ways. This review attempts to fill this gap by assessing the current approaches against the 10 R strategies (refuse, rethink, reconsider, reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle and recover). The study suggests that recycling is the dominant strategy, but the higher R strategies such as reuse, repair, and remanufacture have also been discussed as potential life extension strategies. The study concludes by proposing an integrated treatment approach that focuses on higher R’s (reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture and repurpose) instead of focusing on lower R’s (e.g., recycling). This research was funded by EIT RawMaterials as part of the project " REDLED: Recycling EnD-of-life LED" with the project number 18039.

Nowadays, the world is shifting towards a more sustainable way of life, and product designers have an important part in this change. They have to eco(re)design their products to make them environmentally conscious throughout their lifecycle, and especially at their end-of-life (EoL). However, one can observe that synergy between product designers and recycling-chains stakeholders is lacking, mainly due to their weak communication. While many design-for-EoL approaches coexist in the literature, design from EoL must also be taken into account to fully develop a circular economy.RE-CYCLING is an innovative design approach that supports both design for and from EoL. This paper focuses on the recycling EoL-option and the validation of the associated indicators. To validate the design-for-recycling indicators, the recyclability of three smartphones is assessed. It is expected that indicators provide a similar score as none of them was designed to be recycled; results comply with expectations. In parallel, the convenience of using recycled materials in smartphones is analysed to validate our design-from-recycling indicators. It is found that the proposed indicators can indeed support designers integrating recycled materials in products. - Travail de thèse co-financée par l'ADEME - Collaboration/Projet : EcoSD network

Solid-state lighting has been replacing conventional lighting in the market, raising concerns for implementing an efficient end-of-life management system. Since LED waste streams have not been quite dominant, characterization studies (product-level characteristics, component-wise information, bill of materials, diversity, and differences) are inconsistent and having substantial gaps. This study investigates the end-of-life LED lamp literature, focusing on the bill-of-materials, and reveals that the characterization procedure suffers from a severe lack of sample representativeness. Consequently, characterization results are widely varied and not generalizable. Moreover, most of the studies did not inform and document the detailed sample characteristics, precluding the possibility of identifying reasons for variation. Combining available information from the recent studies, we present a mass distribution at the component level, exemplifying the prospect for meeting EU regulatory limit and the need for more insight at the lamp and component level. To fill the disconnection between lamp level characteristics and component and material content, we propose a characterization protocol that carefully documents lamp, component, and material level information by establishing a lamp-component–material composition nexus. The protocol may help researchers, policymakers, and industrial stakeholders conduct a systematic characterization, analyze complexities and prepare for a sustainable solution.

Efficiency indicators have been frequently used to assess end-of-life chain performance, mostly. In terms of the percentage of mass sent to re-use, recycling, and/or energy recovery facilities. While legislation gives a standard definition for recycling and recovery rates, stakeholders sometimes redefine them to better fit their own scopes and objectives. Therefore, to accurately interpret the results of an efficiency indicator, during a decision-making process, it’s necessary to fully understand the scope definition used to calculate it. This work discusses the influence of scope definition when establishing performance rates. It does this by introducing further alternative scope definitions and comparing them to those defined by legislation and stakeholders. As a case study, the proposed complementary scopes are applied to the recycling chain of flat panel displays in France.

Merci de lier cette communication au catalogue EcoSD de Hall Today, companies need to assess the recoverability of their products from the design phase, not only for legislative reasons but also to appraise how they will be able to recover all or part of their value when they reach end of life. The main reference calculation methods are both the norm ISO 22628, which addresses the automotive industry, and the IEC/TR 62635 report, which addresses the electrical and electronic equipment industry. Both reference methods only focus on mass preservation indicators (as legislation requires) but ignore important aspects such as material quality loss, environmental impacts, and economic value preservation. Indeed, multi-criteria assessment is needed as it can be a key factor for both improving product design and to help designers integrate recycled materials into their products. In that regard, several other studies exploring multi-criteria analysis (i.e. technical, economic and/or environmental-based) do exist. The aim of this paper is to (i) present a critical review of current recoverability assessment methods and (ii) find the existing gaps by comparing whether the used indicators meet the designer needs or not. Travail co-financé par l'ADEME, l'ENSAM et l'Institut Carnot Arts Travail mené dans le cadre du réseau national EcoSD

International audience; Efficiency indicators have been frequently used to assess end-of-life chain performance. While legislations give a standard definition, sometimes stakeholders redefine them to fit their own scopes and objectives. It is therefore necessary to fully understand the indicators calculation scope in order to accurately interpret the results during a decision-making process. This work discusses the influence of scope definition when establishing performance rates using the French e-waste chain and recycling rate as an example. Complementary recycling rates to the one established by WEEE Directive are proposed.

This paper proposes a framework that interrelates the life cycle of the product, remanufacturing and recycling for plastics. The paper analyses the different chemical processes of recycling polymer wastes. We introduce a thermodynamic calculation of the energy consumed and CO $$_2$$ emissions for all types of waste (municipal, electronic, vehicle). The remanufacturing process could reduce the amount of CO $$_2$$ emissions through feedback to the product design stage with robust platforms that extend the product life cycle. In order to meet the requirements of remanufacturing we combine mechanical and chemical recycling solutions. These recycling processes must undergo a thermodynamic analysis to optimize energy and decrease the minimum CO $$_2$$ emissions, i.e. recycling processes in line with the ultimate objective, which is the reduction of CO $$_2$$ emissions and slowing a part of the problem global warming.

In ceramic matrix composites, cracks that initiate in the matrix may be deflected in the fibre/matrix region, depending on interface characteristics. The most recent CMCs possess multilayered matrices and interphases. Cracks can be deflected within the layers or along interfaces depending on layer bonding. In this paper, the extension/deflection of a crack located in the vicinity of an interface is examined. All situations, including multilayers, interphases, etc. are covered by a single elementary cell made of two materials, one of which is cracked. A crack deflection condition is proposed. The model is based on the Cook and Gordon mechanism which considers debonding ahead of the crack tip as a result of the multiaxial stress state induced by the crack. Finally, the model is applied to various fibre/matrix combinations involving carbon or silicon carbide, and pyrocarbon or boron nitride based interphases.

Methodology framework for assessing the ecoperformance of a process. Life Cycle Management 2015

Resume La condition de deviation d'une fissure par une interface repose sur le mecanisme de Cook et Gordon et la triaxialite des contraintes a l'extremite de la fissure. La perturbation du champ de contrainte est calculee par la methode des elements finis dans une cellule de bimateriau. Une condition de rupture de l'interface est exprimee en fonction des resistances a la rupture et des modules d'elasticite des constituants. Une courbe maitresse universelle est etablie. Elle permet de prevoir l'evolution d'une fissure et d'estimer la resistance d'interfaces ou d'interphases necessaire pour favoriser la deviation des fissures dans les composites a matrice ceramique. Pour citer cet article : S. Pompidou, J. Lamon, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).

International audience; The use of composites in industry is ever increasing. However, end-of-life solutions for composites are still under development. In this paper, a solution linking design strategies with a recycling process for thermoset composite materials is proposed. The recovery solution for these materials is a supercritical water solvolysis process. The needs and multi-disciplinary skills required for taking recycling possibilities into account in the early stages of product design and the necessity to standardize product-recycling capabilities based on design requirements will be discussed. The paper highlights the need for designers to take a functional approach into consideration, including characterization of materials behavior, recycling process limits, constraints and opportunities. This paper will show the first lessons learned from experiments, using this technique.

In industry, the use of composites, and more specially carbon fiber/thermoset matrix ones, is ever increasing. However, end-of-life solutions for these materials are still under development. In this chapter, a solution linking design strategies with a recycling process based on the solvolysis of the matrix by water under supercritical conditions is proposed. The needs and multi-disciplinary skills required for (i) taking recycling possibilities into account from the early stages of the product design, and (ii) the necessity to standardize its recycling capabilities with design requirements, will both be discussed. The present chapter highlights the need for designers to take a functional approach into consideration, including material characterization, limits of the recycling process, constraints and opportunities. The first lessons learned from experiments using this technique will be shown.

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; À l’origine développés pour des applications hautement techniques dans l’aéronautique et le spatial, l’usage des composites à renfort carbone et matrice thermodurcissable s’élargit depuis plusieurs années aux industries de l’automobile et des sports et loisirs. Toutefois, le choix du composite dépend parfois moins de ses performances techniques, que de critères esthétiques ou de l’image de haute technicité qu’il véhicule. Il en résulte ainsi un surdimensionnement des propriétés des constituants (en particulier, de la fibre de carbone) par rapport à la fonction du produit. En outre du point de vue environnemental, il a été montré que dans la mise en œuvre du composite, c’est la production de la fibre de carbone qui est la plus impactante. Une réponse économique et environnementale à ces inadéquations consiste donc à viabiliser le développement de composites à renfort recyclé. Ainsi le recyclage du composite en fin de vie, même limité à la seule récupération des fibres, pourrait permettre de diminuer certains impacts anthropiques en réduisant les matières premières nécessaires à sa production (produits pétroliers essentiellement). En outre, ce recyclage du renfort peut être élargi aux déchets de production (fibres ou prépregs inutilisés, chutes de pièces composites, etc.). Les concepteurs seraient alors à même d’équilibrer coût et efficacité énergétique par la production de matériaux dits de seconde génération (p. ex. destinés d’abord à des pièces non-structurelles). Toutefois, viabiliser cette filière de recyclage nécessite de palier les réticences des utilisateurs en les assurant de ses bienfondés technique, économique, environnemental et législatif. Ainsi, après avoir rappelé ces différents contextes, le recyclage des composite par solvolyse de la matrice par de l’eau en conditions supercritiques, ainsi que la mise en œuvre de semi-produits de seconde génération attractifs, seront présentés. Un premier bilan économique et environnemental de cette filière sera enfin dressé.

The authors would like to express their thanks to the stakeholders of the RECCO Project. Originally developed for high-tech applications, carbon/epoxy composites have been increasingly used in leisure and sports industries, for several years. Nevertheless, the carbon reinforcement is an expensive constituent, and it has been recently shown that it is also the most environmentally impacting in a composite part manufacturing. In this way, recycling these materials (even restricted to the reinforcement recovery) could lead to reduce economic and environmental inadequacies, while satisfying legislative requirements for their end-of-life. This article is the basis for a life cycle analysis that assesses benefits and environmental challenges of this recycling loop. The recovery of the carbon reinforcement (based on the solvolysis of the matrix by water under supercritical conditions) offers an average gain of 70% for all eco- indicators. EcoSD network

In order to decrease both energy consumption and CO 2 emissions, the automotive, aeronautics and aerospace industries aim at making lighter vehicles. To achieve this, composite materials provide good opportunities, ensuring high material properties and free definition of geometry. As an example, for cold applications, the use of carbon fiber/thermoset composites is ever increasing, in spite of a high fiber price. But in a global and eco-friendly approach, the major limitation for their use remains their potential recyclability. Recycling a composite means having a recycling technology available, getting a dismantle solution and an access for the product, and disposing identification plus selection possibilities to the materials. Thus, carbon fibers recovery (i.e. recycling and re-processing) would both help design engineers to balance energy efficiency and cost, and open new opportunities for developing second-life composites, dedicated to the manufacture of medium or low loaded parts (non-structural in many cases). A first section presents an overview of composite recycling possibilities. Indeed, environmentally and economically, composite incineration is not attractive (even with an energetic valorization), let-alone burying. Reuse and recycling thus remain the two most interesting options. Aeronautics offers a high potential in terms of fiber deposit. In southwest France, composites recycling will increase in terms of quantity due to dismantling platforms TARMAC (dedicated to civil aircraft applications) and P2P (for the disassembly of ballistic weapons). In addition, from a technical point of view, and even if end-of-life solutions for composites still remain under development, solvolysis (i.e. water under supercritical conditions) already offers the opportunity to recover carbon fibers. The resulting recyclate retains up to 90 percent of the fiber’s mechanical properties. A second part will explore the recycling to design issue (i.e. how recycling processes have to balance the previous aspects of the end-of-life proposal). The recycler clearly becomes a new supplier in the carbon fiber lifecycle, by revalorizing wastes with alternatives to burning. Moreover, increasing carbon fiber shelf life reduces its product life impact. Finally, promoting carbon fiber end-of-life would ensure to link aeronautics, automotive, and leisure and sports industries; but one can create demand for recycled reinforcement, by packaging it in useful and attractive forms for those end-users (e.g. pseudo-continuous fiber, felt, strips, bands, patches, etc.). These sections will be enlightened by several examples from collaborations between I2M and local industries. EcoSD network

International audience; The use of composite material increases. End of life regulations, material consumption reductions or restrictions, ask engineers about their potential use. Innovative recycling solutions arise that recover efficiently carbon fibres. This paper explores the design for composites recycling issue. Recycler becomes a new knowledge expert for the designer. It is necessary to analyze their information shares and exchanges. The recycler is an end of life facilitator. He is also the second life material user and can ask for material evolutions. The collaboration must be improved using knowledge performance indicators. These discussions will be enlightened by examples from carbon recycling experiments. Keywords: Design method, Recycling, Composite

L’utilisation des matériaux composites à renfort carbone (CRC) et matrice thermodurcissable tend à se développer fortement dans les industries automobile, aéronautique et aérospatiale, malgré le prix élevé des fibres de carbone. Toutefois, dans une approche globale plus respectueuse de l'environnement, la principale limitation à l’utilisation de ces composites reste leur recyclabilité. Recycler un composite nécessite de disposer simultanément (i) d’un accès au matériau avec la possibilité d'identifier et sélectionner les composites, (ii) d’une solution de démantèlement et (iii) de la technologie de recyclage à proprement parler. Ainsi, la récupération des fibres de carbone permettrait aux concepteurs d’équilibrer coût et efficacité énergétique, tout en proposant les opportunités nouvelles de développer des composites de deuxième génération, destinés en premier lieu à la fabrication de pièces non-structurelles. Après un état des lieux de leurs principales utilisations et de leurs possibilités de recyclage, nous proposons une approche permettant de mettre en relation les acteurs d’une future filière de recyclage des CRC. Cette proposition s’appuie sur deux exemples de collaborations entre l’Institut de Mécanique et d’Ingénierie - Bordeaux et des industries locales. EcoSD network

International audience; The composite use in industry increases. Despite, composite end of life solutions are still under development. We proposed to address a combined definition of both composite design and composite recycling process. This paper will discuss the needs of multi-disciplinary skills in order to take into account recycling possibilities in the design, and to asset recycling product capabilities by the design requirements. This paper highlights the relation between functional approach by designer, characterization for material and mechanics behavior and recycling process limits, constrains and opportunities.

Recent work has pointed out the contribution of interface opening strength (IOS) in the deviation of matrix cracks and in the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites. In the present paper, an approach to IOS determination is proposed. It is based on four-point bending tests on notched bi-layer specimens. IOS is extracted from the force- displacement behavior, using a finite element analysis of the stress state at notch tip. Various bi-layer test-specimens were prepared and tested. IOS estimations were then compared to predictions by a model ofdebonding based on the Cook and Gordon's mechanism.

Interfaces are a key element in ceramic matrix composites, but also in several material assemblies, such as, for instance, multilayers. This is not only because they can cause crack deflection and make materials damage tolerant, but also because they can be tailored with regard to material performances. An approach to crack deflection at interfaces or within interphases is proposed on the basis of the following Cook and Gordon’s mechanism: a crack is nucleated along an interface, ahead of a propagating crack; deflection of this crack then results from coalescence with the interface crack. The stress state induced by a crack was computed in a cell of bimaterial using the finite element method. The cell represents a matrix and a fiber, or an interphase and a fiber or two layers in a multilayer. A master curve was established. It represents the debonding condition based on strengths and elastic moduli of constituents. Then a deviation potential was defined. Deviation potentials were calculated for various fibre/matrix or layer combinations.

International audience; Ecodesigning a product consists (amongst other things) in assessing what its environmental impacts will be throughout its life (that is to say from its design phase to its end of life), in order to limit them. Some tools and methods exist to (eco)design a product, just like methods that assess its environmental impacts (more often, a posteriori). But it is now well accepted that these are the early design decisions that will initiate the greatest consequences on the product's end-of-life options and their impacts. Thus, the present work aims at analysing traditional design tools, so as to integrate end-of-life possibilities in the form of recommendations for the design step. This proposal will be illustrated by means of a wind turbine design.

International audience; In response to a growing concern for environmental problems and to waste management from mass production products, several regulations have appeared to tackle end-of-life (EoL) issues. They address for instance end-of-life vehicles or waste electrical and electronic equipment. EoL management mainly lays on both EoL industry and product design. Thus, new methods of design have already been implemented since the past decades to answer the regulation requirements, notably through material choices and product architecture. However, some high-tech products remain out of the scope of these legislations. But for some years, initiatives have emerged for these products, coming from governments, international programs or customers’ requirements which become increasingly strict. This paper focuses on a new design approach that would allow taking into account EoL considerations for such type of products, based on EoL strategies and adapted to aeronautic and defence products.

Current regulations encourage designers and manufacturers to engage in circular economy and eco-design approaches in order to mitigate the environmental impact of their products. Today, design choices are mainly driven by product recoverability assessment. Guidelines associated with design for X approaches are then used as a decision-making tool for finding solutions. It is therefore necessary to establish a link between the assessed recoverability and eco-design guidelines so that designers can better interpret the information they are given and simplify their design process accordingly. An inventory of these guidelines combined with an eco-design for an end-of-life approach makes it possible to identify the associated levers for action. However, there is only minimal correlation between recoverability indicators and the levers associated with the guidelines. Therefore, this proposal aims to build an indicator-based decision-making design methodology based on a multi-criteria analysis of the product's recoverability. It is enhanced by a tooled guide based on eco-design for end-of-life guidelines. The proposed approach has been validated through the study of a Fairphone® included in the WEEE recycling chain.; Les règlementations incitent aujourd’hui concepteurs et fabricants à s,engager dans des démarches d'économie circulaire et d'écoconception pour atténuer l'impact de leurs produits sur l'environnement. Les choix de conception sont à ce jour essentiellement pilotés par l'évaluation de la valorisable du produit. Les lignes directrices associées aux démarches de conception pour X sont utilisées ensuite comme outil d'aide à la décision pour la recherche de solutions. Un lien entre la valorisabilité évaluée dès lors et les lignes directrices d’écoconception doit donc être établi pour que le concepteur puisse mieux interpréter les informations auxquelles il est confronté, et simplifier d’autant son processus de conception. Un inventaire de ces guides couplé à une démarche d’écoconception pour la fin de vie permet alors d’identifier différents leviers d’action. Cependant, il n’existe qu’une faible adéquation entre les indicateurs de valorisabilité et les leviers associés aux lignes directrices. Ce travail vise ainsi à proposer une méthodologie outillée d’aide à la décision en conception, basée sur l’analyse multicritère de la valorisabilité du produit et complétée par un guide outillé s’appuyant sur diverses lignes directrices d’écoconception pour la fin de vie. L’approche proposée est validée par l'étude de l’intégration d’un Fairphone® dans la filière des DEEE.

The implementation of a method for the conduct of cohousing operations is the subject of this study. Our partner is social housing company that is a property developer and a rental manager. One of his objectives is to develop a new offer: cohousing. The objective is to involve the future occupants in the design process of their residence in order to guarantee their satisfaction.This approach has many similarities with participatory design methods that have demonstrated their benefits for the quality of the manufactured products as well as for the user satisfaction. In the French Housing sector, cohousing operations are uncommon and generally carried out by residents who want to avoid property developers.Several arguments explain this gap between the two sectors. Unlike manufactured products, the constructed object is unique. The design of a building must adapt to local specificities and its production environment, the construction site, is under uncertainty.Moreover, on public projects, the law orders the separation between owners, designers and builders. This constitutes an obstacle to the sharing of good practices and strengthen coordination mechanisms based on informal communication. Construction operations are therefore considered non-repeatable. A second argument that explains the low number of cohousing projects lies in the cultural specificities of the sector. Occupant satisfaction is rarely measured and the gap in terms of knowledge and communication with professionals is huge. Unlike manufacturing industry, the formalization of a participatory process is in contradiction with the practices of a sector where projects are not repeatable and therefore not very formalized. We then demonstrate the importance of formalizing the participatory process that must be carried out, and then alert the consequences of the involvement of the inhabitants. We are interested in the phenomenon of resistance to organizational change. In our context, the management of organizational change seems to constitute a pertinent answer to this phenomenon.The objective of this doctoral thesis is therefore to define and then test a methodology for Cohousing projects. First, we propose a process modelling by defining the roles of each stakeholder on the different stages of a real estate operation. We explain the level and the topics of participation to obtain the satisfaction of the future occupants. In order to analyze the implementation of our recommendations, we develop a model for the formalization of the cohousing process integrating the using constraints of the professionals. Secondly, we are building a process of organizational change management in order to prevent the difficulties caused by an upheaval in the conventions shared between professionals.Our proposal is tested on two successive cohousing operations. On the basis of participant observation, interviews and questionnaires, we highlight the positive impact of participatory design on satisfaction. In a second step, we compare the accompanying steps with the change implemented and their effects on the two operations. We find that the better the change management is conducted the less the incidents on collaboration or communication issues are significant. Consequently, we confirm the relevance of a cohousing project management methodology that combines the involvement of the inhabitants in a participative design process and the organizational change management., Les travaux présentés traitent de la mise en place d’une méthode pour la conduite d’opérations d’Habitat Participatif. Ils ont été menés avec une société de logement social qui assume les rôles d’aménageur, de promoteur et de gestionnaire locatif. Notre partenaire souhaite développer une nouvelle offre : l’Habitat Participatif. L’objectif est d’impliquer les futurs occupants dans l’opération de construction de leur résidence afin de garantir leur satisfaction.Cette approche présente de nombreuses similitudes avec la conception participative qui a démontré ses bénéfices pour la qualité des produits manufacturés, comme pour la satisfaction des utilisateurs. Dans le Logement, les opérations d’Habitat Participatif sont très rares et généralement menées par des habitants désireux de se soustraire des promoteurs immobiliers.Plusieurs arguments expliquent ce décalage entre les deux secteurs. Contrairement aux produits manufacturés, l’objet construit est unique. La conception d’un bâtiment doit en effet s’adapter aux spécificités locales et son environnement de production, le chantier, est incertain. De plus, sur les projets publics, la loi impose la séparation entre propriétaires, concepteurs et constructeurs. Cette situation constitue un obstacle au partage de bonnes pratiques et renforce des mécanismes de coordination basés sur de la communication informelle. Les opérations de construction sont donc considérées non-répétables.Un second argument qui explique le faible nombre de projets d’Habitat Participatifs réside dans les spécificités culturelles du secteur. La satisfaction des occupants n’est que rarement mesurée et le décalage en termes de connaissances et dans la communication avec les professionnels est particulièrement marqué.Contrairement à l’industrie manufacturière, la formalisation d’un processus participatif s’oppose aux pratiques d’un secteur où les projets ne sont pas répétables et par conséquent peu formalisés. Nous démontrons par la suite l’importance de formaliser le processus participatif qui devra être mené, puis alertons des conséquences de l’implication des habitants. Nous nous intéressons ainsi au phénomène de résistance au changement organisationnel. Dans notre contexte, l’accompagnement des individus au changement organisationnel semble constituer une réponse pertinente à ce phénomène.L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de définir puis tester une réponse méthodologique à l’Habitat Participatif. En premier lieu, nous proposons un processus type en définissant les rôles de chacune des parties prenantes sur les différentes étapes d’une opération immobilière. Nous explicitons le niveau et les thématiques de participation nécessaires pour obtenir la satisfaction des futurs occupants. Afin d’analyser la mise en œuvre de nos recommandations, nous développons un formalisme de modélisation des processus intégrant les contraintes et de manipulation inhérentes aux professionnels. En second lieu, nous construisons une démarche d’accompagnement des individus au changement pour prévenir les difficultés causées par un bouleversement des conventions en vigueur entre les professionnels.Notre proposition est testée sur deux opérations participatives successives. Sur la base d’observation participante, d’entretiens et de questionnaires nous mettons en évidence l’incidence positive de la conception participative sur la satisfaction. Dans un second temps, nous comparons les démarches d’accompagnement au changement mises en place et leurs effets sur les deux opérations. Nous constatons que mieux l’accompagnement est mené moins les incidents sur des questions de collaboration ou communication sont significatifs.En conséquence, nous confirmons la pertinence d’une approche de conduite des projets d’Habitat Participatif combinant l’implication des habitants dans une configuration de conception participative et l’accompagnement des professionnels au changement organisationnel.