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The paper examines the evolution of *j- in six South Siberian languages: Chelkan (= Lebedin), Kumandin, Oirot (= Altai proper), Telengit, Teleut, and Tuba. The main directions have been known fro more than a century; here, the focus is on the variance within each of these languages, which is considerable, as well as on the inconsistencies between the available sources.

The paper discusses a group of eleven words with similar phonetic shapes and at least somewhat similar semantics: jagu-, jak- ‘to come near’; jan- ‘to turn back’; jaguk, jakȳn ‘close, near’; jāk, jān ‘side’; jāna- ‘to sharpen’; jaŋak ‘cheek’; jaŋy ‘new’; and jaka ‘edge’. All have been suspected to belong to the same family, at the heart of which would most likely be a verbal root *jā- ‘to be near, …’. Some of the problems associated with this idea have been known before, some are newly identified here. The talk considers various constraints and proposes a scheme centred around a nominal *ja ‘close, near’, which may or may not be connected to MaTung. daga id. and Mo. daga- ‘to follow’. Bu çalışmada benzer ses biçimlerine ve kısmen yakın anlamlarla sahip on bir sözcük ele alınacaktır: jagu-, jak- “yaklaşmak”; jan- “geriye dönmek”; jaguk, jakȳn “yakın”; jāk, jān “taraf”; jāna- “keskinleştirmek”; jaŋak “yanak”; jaŋy “yeni”; ve jaka “sınır”. Söz konusu sözcüklerin tamamının, temelde büyük ihtimalle *jā- “yakın olmak, …” fiil kökü olmak üzere, aynı söz ailesine ait olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu düşünce ile ilgili birtakım sorunlar daha önceden dile getirilmiştir; yeni sorunlar ise bu çalışmada ele alınacaktır. Burada çeşitli kısıtlamalar gözden geçirilecek ve Mançu-Tunguz daga ve Moğolca daga- “takip etmek” ile ilgili olması muhtemel bir *ja “yakın” adı üzerine kurulan bir şemaya yer verilecektir.

Response to Stachowski K. 2020. Etymologies of vampie with pirъ “a feast”. – Journal of Vampire Studies 1(1). 5–18.

The Vitality of Turkish Words in Polish. The paper follows the usage of 777 Turkish words in corpora of Polish texts stretching from the 16th to the 21st century. It analyzes the chronology of their influx, semantic fields, semantic innovativeness, the literary genres in which they appear, their longevity, as well as the relations between these characteristics. As a side effect, the paper also contains a survey of historical corpora of Polish.���������������������� ������������������ �� ���������������� ����������. ���������� ������������ ������������������������ 777 ���������������� ��������, ������������������������ �� ���������������� ���������������� �������������� ���� �������������������� ���� XVI ���� XXI ��������, �� ���������������������� �������������������� ��������������������������, �������������������������� �������� �� �������������������������� ����������������������������, ������������������������ ���������� ��������������, �������������������� ���������������� ��, ������������������������ ������������������������������ ���������� ���������� �������������������� ��������. �������������������������� �� ������������ ������������ ���������� ���������� ������������������������ ���������������� ������������������ ����������.

Öz: Bu çalışmada, Arapça ve Farsça’dan Türkçe’ye alınan kelimelerde geçen fonetik uyarlanma değişmeleri toparlanıp tartışılır. 1748 alıntıya dayanarak, her iki grupta da hangi uyarlamaların tipik ve hangilerinin olağandışı olduğuna dair genel bir bakış sunar. İkincisi için, özel durumlar listelenir ve kısaca tartışılır. Odak noktası, süreçler veya fonetik çevrenin etkisinden ziyade bireysel ses birimlerinin tercümeleri üzerinedir., The paper is a summary of phonetic renderings found in borrowings from Arabic and Persian in Turkish. Based on 1748 loanwords, it gives an overview of which adaptations are typical in both groups, and which are unusual. For the latter, the specific cases are listed and briefly discussed. The focus is on renderings of individual phonemes rather than processes or the influence of the phonetic surrounding.

soundcorrs is a small R library of functions intended to facilitate computer-aided analysis of sound correspondences between languages. It is not designed to draw its own conclusions, merely to automate labour-intensive tasks and furnish the linguist with sifted and processed data for him or her to interpret. To make use of its basic functionality, soundcorrs requires only a very rudimentary knowledge of R, and no understanding of statistics at all. More advanced functions can be accessed and more involved results obtained after only a brief course of the two.

soundcorrs is a small R library of functions intended to facilitate computer-aided analysis of sound correspondences between languages. It is not designed to draw its own conclusions, merely to automate labour-intensive tasks and furnish the linguist with sifted and processed data for him or her to interpret. To make use of its basic functionality, soundcorrs requires only a very rudimentary knowledge of R, and no understanding of statistics at all. More advanced functions can be accessed and more involved results obtained after only a brief course of the two.

To the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first to analyse the Ukrainian language within the framework of perceptual dialectology. It is based on a questionnaire conducted in Chernivtsi, in which students of English and Ukrainian philologies were given a map of Ukraine with nineteen major cities marked on it, and asked to indicate regions “where people speak differently”. Analysis of their answers reveals certain peculiarities in their perception of dialectal differences within Ukrainian, but also suggests that those differences were viewed as secondary to the degree of prevalence of Russian in various regions. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section briefly introduces the main concepts and achievements of perceptual dialectology, a sociolinguistic paradigm introduced by D.R. Preston in 1980s and 1990s, whose interest lies primarily in how non-linguists perceive various dialects and differences between them. Also mentioned is the technical side of the draw-a-map method employed in the present paper, together with references to fuller descriptions. The second section presents the questionnaire that was used to collect the data, as well as the social profile of the interviewed group. Almost all of the 90 interviewees were women younger than 30, students, the majority born and raised either in the Chernivtsi or in the Ivano-Frankivsk oblast. Nearly a half has completed a course in Ukrainian dialectology. The third section presents and discusses the results of our research. A comparison of the map compiled from individual questionnaires, with a map of dialectal boundaries in Ukraine, as well as with the distribution of Ukrainian vs Russian speakers, suggests that the interviewees attached considerably more weight to the latter distinction – although exceptions are also clearly visible. Most answers follow fairly closely one of five patterns; the choice of the pattern, or how closely it was followed, does not correlate with the place of birth or any other social characteristic of the interviewees. It can also be observed that several cities have a strong tendency to be marked, or not marked, together; interestingly, all lie in the east of Ukraine. The completion of a course of Ukrainian dialectology appears to have had little impact on the answer. Lastly, the fourth section contains a brief summary together with conclusions for future research. Запропонована стаття — це перша лінгвістична розвідка, присвячена дослідженню української мови з погляду перцептивної діалектології, мовознавчої галузі, започаткованої у 80-90-х рр. ХХ ст. Д. Р. Престоном. Пілотний проєкт було здійснено у місті Чернівці. Для дослідження використано методологію draw-a-map. Респонденти отримали карту із позначеними основними містами, і їм необхідно було вказати, де, на їхню думку, «розмовляють по-іншому» без уточнень і наштовхування на очікувану відповідь. Технічне опрацювання мап продемонструвало особливості сприйняття різних варіантів української мови, що зумовлено діалектними відмінностями та рівнем поширення російської або української мов у певних регіонах.

There are more than 350 fl owing waters in Poland with names containing a colour adjective. Etymological propositions mention sometimes various physical attributes such as the colour of the water or of the bottom, or even a possible symbolical usage connected e.g. with the cardinal directions, but most often they limit themselves to citing the literary version of the adjective, and there end their inquiry. The goal of the present paper is to establish to what degree physical attributes can explain the use of colour epithets; and if they cannot, then whether there is any reason to believe that there existed in the past a more elaborate system of colour symbolism.

Tzw. prawo Piotrowskiego-Altmanna to funkcja opisująca przyrost cechy w języku względem czasu, np. liczby zapożyczeń z jakiegoś innego języka, innowacyjnej formy gramatycznej wypierającej starą, częstotliwości użycia pewnego wyrazu itp. Artykuł przedstawia w dużym skrócie historię wyprowadzania tego prawa wraz z podstawą empiryczną, jego przydatność w opisie diachronicznym, a także możliwe zastosowanie przy ocenie wiarygodności zebranych danych. The so-called Piotrowski-Altmann law describes the increase of a feature in language as a function of time. It is applicable to such phenomena as influx of borrowings from another language, an innovative grammatical form ousting the old one, frequency of use of a given word, etc. The paper presents in brief how it was derived, together with the empirical base, the law’s usefulness in diachronic description, and its possible application to estimate the reliability of collected material.

A specialist in Middle Eastern languages will likely be quick to associate Pol. mamuna ‘an ape-like mythological creature’ with Ar./Pers./Tkc. majmun ‘ape’. It is possible and indeed probable that this name is an Oriental borrowing applied to an ancient native belief, but a closer inspection reveals at least several other possibilities tangled in an ethnolinguistic web of potential conflations and contaminations. This paper presents the ethnographic background and some etymological ideas, though without as yet a definite answer.

The paper discusses a mythical creature known in Polish folklore as kłobuk, how it got its name, the Slavonic background of the word, and its relation to Turkic kalbuk. Usually, the Slavonic word is derived from Turkic; phonetic problems are sometimes mentioned but they do not tend to be viewed as critical. The present paper approaches this established etymology with more reservation and concludes that both Slavistic and Turkological work is necessary in order to connect the two words with an acceptable degree of probability. Bu yazıda Polonya folkloründe kłobuk olarak bilinen mitolojik bir varlık tart şılmakta, bu ismin nasıl alındığı, sözcüğün Slav dillerindeki tabanı ve Türkçe kalbuk ile bağı değerlendirilmektedir. Esasen Slav dillerindeki sözcük Türkçeden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bazen fonetik sorunlardan bahsedilirse de bu eleştirel olarak görülme eğiliminde değildir. Mevcut makale varolan etimolojiye kuşku ile yaklaşır ve hem Slavistiğe hem de Türkolojiye ait çalışmaların kabul edilebilir derecede bir olasılıkla iki kelimenin ilişkilendirilmesi için gerekli olduğu sonucuna varır.

Niniejszy raport przedstawia pokrótce różne typy powtórzeń spotykane w językach turkijskich. Autor stara się dać obraz ogólny poprzez przybliżenie dwóch tematów szczegółowych: rozmaitych typów powtórzeń w samym języku tureckim, oraz tylko jednego typu powtórzeń (reduplikacji mory nagłosowej) w całej rodzinie turkijskiej.

The paper presents some thoughts on the phonology of Northwestern Karaim during its transition from vowel to consonant harmony, that were enabled and spurred by a recent discovery of an 18th century manuscript. It advocates a greater inclusion of the diachronic perspective in synchronic endeavours, and the concession of the notion of multiple phonologies coexisting and cooperating in one period, Bu makale, son zamanlarda bulunan 18. yüzyıla ait bir elyazmasından hareketle, ünlü uyumundan ünsüz uyumuna geçiş sürecinde Kuzeybatı Karaycasının fonolojisi üzerine bazı düşünceler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada ayrıca, art zamanlı bakış açısının eş zamanlı çalışmalara büyük ölçüde müdahil olduğu ve farklı fonolojik yapıların müşterek olarak aynı zaman diliminde bir arada bulunabileceği savunulmaktadır

Partial interfixed reduplication was a relatively prolific method of formation of intensive adjectives and adverbs in the Standard Turkic languages. In its most common and most researched variety, the interfix is a single consonant, typically p, as in Tksh. ka.p.kara ‘jet-black’. This paper presents the less productive variants which use CV, CCV, CVC and other sequences, to close the reduplicated initial mora of the base word, such as Bshk. ti.pä.tiŋ ‘completely equal’, Azer. dü.bbä.düz ‘entirely straight’, or Yak. kü.büs.kǖstēχ ‘very strong’. It collects more than three hundred examples from seventeen languages, and divides them into twenty-three structurally distinct types. In some cases the assignment must be considered provisional, until the history of the specific examples becomes known. The focus is on presentation of the typological richness of the material.

This paper is an edition of an article by Władysław Kotwicz (1872–1944) entitled Les voyelles longues dans les langues altaïques, which the author could not publish himself during wartime and did not live to publish after the War was over. The edition is designed to read almost as if published by Kotwicz, but without falsifying the actual manuscript. Also, a brief archival description is provided and the history of the last four years of the text has been reconstructed, based mostly on Kotwicz’s correspondence. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 129 (2012), 245–315

The paper proposes a multi-dimensional, phonologically-aware numeric encoding of Turkish for use with neural networks. The system is evaluated and compared to PatPho (Li/MacWhinney 2002) in a test in which the network computes the shape of the past tense suffix. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 129 supplementum (2012), 363–372

The present book can be viewed as a patchwork of topics relating more or less directly to Turkic reduplications. Many are interconnected and interdependent, which renders it impossible to organize the presentation in a linear way. The thematic division adopted here is only one of the possible groupings, and not necessarily optimal for all tasks. To alleviate this inconvenience, the current chapter first summarizes the whole following a different thematic division (4.1), and then very briefly recapitualtes what I consider to be the most important conclusions (4.2). Some thoughts are expressed more clearly here than in the previous chapters, where they were lost between auxiliary observations.

This paper is an edition of an article by Władysław Kotwicz (1872-1944) entitled "Les voyelles longues dans les langues altaïques", which the author could not publish himself during wartime and did not live to publish after the War was over. The edition is designed to read almost as if published by Kotwicz, but without falsifying the actual manuscript. Also, a brief archival description is provided and the history of the last four years of the text has been reconstructed, based mostly on Kotwicz’s correspondence.

This paper is an edition of an article by Władysław Kotwicz (1872-1944) entitled "Les voyelles longues dans les langues altaïques", which the author could not publish himself during wartime and did not live to publish after the War was over. The edition is designed to read almost as if published by Kotwicz, but without falsifying the actual manuscript. Also, a brief archival description is provided and the history of the last four years of the text has been reconstructed, based mostly on Kotwicz’s correspondence.

This paper is an edition of an article by Władysław Kotwicz (1872–1944) entitled "Les voyelles longues dans les langues altaïques", which the author could not publish himself during wartime and did not live to publish after the War was over. The edition is designed to read almost as if published by Kotwicz, but without falsifying the actual manuscript. Also, a brief archival description is provided and the history of the last four years of the text has been reconstructed, based mostly on Kotwicz’s correspondence.