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We describe bandwidth-on-demand in an evolved multilayer, software-defined networking (SDN) based cloud services model. We present motivation for using a multilayer architecture for the wide-area network (WAN). Our laboratory testbed is described, and both the hardware and management architecture are presented. We also show an initial proof-of-concept demonstration of this capability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on a COST programme that was formed to boost the understanding on hidden ties between plants, bacteria, and fungi. The goal is to identify bottlenecks in the creation and implementation of technologies through endophytes. COST, or European Cooperation in Science and Technology, was established in 1971. The programme also intends to offer a forum for the identification of bottlenecks that limits the use of endophytes in biotechnology.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing of tumors for causative mutations, allowing for more accurate targeting of therapies. In the process of sequencing the tumor, comparisons to the germline genome may identify variants associated with susceptibility to cancer as well as other hereditary diseases. Already, the combination of massively parallel sequencing and selective capture approaches has facilitated efficient simultaneous genetic analysis (multiplex testing) of large numbers of candidate genes. As the field of oncology incorporates NGS approaches into tumor and germline analyses, it has become clear that the ability to achieve high-throughput genotyping surpasses our current ability to interpret and appropriately apply the vast amounts of data generated from such technologies. A review of the current state of knowledge of rare and common genetic variants associated with cancer risk or treatment outcome reveals significant progress, as well as a number of challenges associated with the clinical translation of these discoveries. The combined efforts of oncologists, genetic counselors, and cancer geneticists will be required to drive the paradigm shift toward personalized or precision medicine and to ensure the incorporation of NGS technologies into the practice of preventive oncology.