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1. Genome sequence of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Author

Richards, S, Gibbs, RA, Gerardo, NM, Moran, N, Nakabachi, A, Stern, D, Tagu, D, Wilson, ACC, Muzny, D, Kovar, C, Cree, A, Chacko, J, Chandrabose, MN, Dao, MD, Dinh, HH, Gabisi, RA, Hines, S, Hume, J, Jhangian, SN, Joshi, V, Lewis, LR, Liu, Y-S, Lopez, J, Morgan, MB, Nguyen, NB, Okwuonu, GO, Ruiz, SJ, Santibanez, J, Wright, RA, Fowler, GR, Hitchens, ME, Lozado, RJ, Moen, C, Steffen, D, Warren, JT, Zhang, J, Nazareth, LV, Chavez, D, Davis, C, Lee, SL, Patel, BM, Pu, L-L, Bell, SN, Johnson, AJ, Vattathil, S, Jr, WRL, Shigenobu, S, Dang, PM, Morioka, M, Fukatsu, T, Kudo, T, Miyagishima, S-Y, Jiang, H, Worley, KC, Legeai, F, Gauthier, J-P, Collin, O, Zhang, L, Chen, H-C, Ermolaeva, O, Hlavina, W, Kapustin, Y, Kiryutin, B, Kitts, P, Maglott, D, Murphy, T, Pruitt, K, Sapojnikov, V, Souvorov, A, Thibaud-Nissen, F, Camara, F, Guigo, R, Stanke, M, Solovyev, V, Kosarev, P, Gilbert, D, Gabaldon, T, Huerta-Cepas, J, Marcet-Houben, M, Pignatelli, M, Moya, A, Rispe, C, Ollivier, M, Quesneville, H, Permal, E, Llorens, C, Futami, R, Hedges, D, Robertson, HM, Alioto, T, Mariotti, M, Nikoh, N, McCutcheon, JP, Burke, G, Kamins, A, Latorre, A, Moran, NA, Ashton, P, Calevro, F, Charles, H, Colella, S, Douglas, A, Jander, G, Jones, DH, Febvay, G, Kamphuis, LG, Kushlan, PF, Macdonald, S, Ramsey, J, Schwartz, J, Seah, S, Thomas, G, Vellozo, A, Cass, B, Degnan, P, Hurwitz, B, Leonardo, T, Koga, R, Altincicek, B, Anselme, C, Atamian, H, Barribeau, SM, de Vos, M, Duncan, EJ, Evans, J, Ghanim, M, Heddi, A, Kaloshian, I, Vincent-Monegat, C, Parker, BJ, Perez-Brocal, V, Rahbe, Y, Spragg, CJ, Tamames, J, Tamarit, D, Tamborindeguy, C, Vilcinskas, A, Bickel, RD, Brisson, JA, Butts, T, Chang, C-C, Christiaens, O, Davis, GK, Duncan, E, Ferrier, D, Iga, M, Janssen, R, Lu, H-L, McGregor, A, Miura, T, Smagghe, G, Smith, J, van der Zee, M, Velarde, R, Wilson, M, Dearden, P, Edwards, OR, Gordon, K, Hilgarth, RS, Jr, RSD, Srinivasan, D, Walsh, TK, Ishikawa, A, Jaubert-Possamai, S, Fenton, B, Huang, W, Rizk, G, Lavenier, D, Nicolas, J, Smadja, C, Zhou, J-J, Vieira, FG, He, X-L, Liu, R, Rozas, J, Field, LM, Ashton, PD, Campbell, P, Carolan, JC, Douglas, AE, Fitzroy, CIJ, Reardon, KT, Reeck, GR, Singh, K, Wilkinson, TL, Huybrechts, J, Abdel-latief, M, Robichon, A, Veenstra, JA, Hauser, F, Cazzamali, G, Schneider, M, Williamson, M, Stafflinger, E, Hansen, KK, Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP, Price, DRG, Caillaud, M, van Fleet, E, Ren, Q, Gatehouse, JA, Brault, V, Monsion, B, Diaz, J, Hunnicutt, L, Ju, H-J, Pechuan, X, Aguilar, J, Cortes, T, Ortiz-Rivas, B, Martinez-Torres, D, Dombrovsky, A, Dale, RP, Davies, TGE, Williamson, MS, Jones, A, Sattelle, D, Williamson, S, Wolstenholme, A, Cottret, L, Sagot, MF, Heckel, DG, Hunter, W, Consortium, IAG, Universitat de Barcelona, Princeton University, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, An algorithmic view on genomes, cells, and environments (BAMBOO), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IAGC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Eisen, Jonathan A., and Eisen, Jonathan A

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, TANDEM REPEATS, Genome, Insect, Gene Transfer, RRES175, Sequència genòmica, Faculty of Science\Computer Science, CPG METHYLATION, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Medical and Health Sciences, International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Biologiska vetenskaper, Biology (General), GENE-EXPRESSION, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Aphid, Afídids, General Neuroscience, GENOME SEQUENCE, food and beverages, DROSOPHILA CIRCADIAN CLOCK, Biological Sciences, Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics, INSECTE, Genètica microbiana, puceron, APIS-MELLIFERA, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Infection, symbiose, Biotechnology, Research Article, VIRUS VECTORING, 175_Genetics, SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, QH301-705.5, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM, Biology, HOLOMETABOLOUS INSECTS, HOST-PLANT, 010603 evolutionary biology, PEA APHID, INSECT-PLANT, PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY, RAVAGEUR DES CULTURES, SOCIAL INSECT, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Horizontal, 03 medical and health sciences, Buchnera, Gene family, Life Science, Animals, Symbiosis, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, General Immunology and Microbiology, Annotation, Genome sequence, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 175_Entomology, Genètica animal, Bacteriocyte, génome, gène, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, REPETITIVE ELEMENTS, DNA-SEQUENCES, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Genome Sequence, Genetics and Genomics/Genome Projects, Aphids, PHEROMONE-BINDING, Insect, Developmental Biology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

The genome of the pea aphid shows remarkable levels of gene duplication and equally remarkable gene absences that shed light on aspects of aphid biology, most especially its symbiosis with Buchnera., Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems., Author Summary Aphids are common pests of crops and ornamental plants. Facilitated by their ancient association with intracellular symbiotic bacteria that synthesize essential amino acids, aphids feed on phloem (sap). Exploitation of a diversity of long-lived woody and short-lived herbaceous hosts by many aphid species is a result of specializations that allow aphids to discover and exploit suitable host plants. Such specializations include production by a single genotype of multiple alternative phenotypes including asexual, sexual, winged, and unwinged forms. We have generated a draft genome sequence of the pea aphid, an aphid that is a model for the study of symbiosis, development, and host plant specialization. Some of the many highlights of our genome analysis include an expanded total gene set with remarkable levels of gene duplication, as well as aphid-lineage-specific gene losses. We find that the pea aphid genome contains all genes required for epigenetic regulation by methylation, that genes encoding the synthesis of a number of essential amino acids are distributed between the genomes of the pea aphid and its symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, and that many genes encoding immune system components are absent. These genome data will form the basis for future aphid research and have already underpinned a variety of genome-wide approaches to understanding aphid biology.

Published
2010
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2. Functional and evolutionary insights from the genomes of three parasitoid Nasonia species

Author

Werren, J. H., Richards, S., Desjardins, C. A., Niehuis, O., Gadau, J., Colbourne, J. K., Beukeboom, L. W., Desplan, C., Elsik, C. G., Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J., Kitts, P., Lynch, J. A., Murphy, T., Oliveira, D. C., Smith, C. D., van de Zande, L., Worley, K. C., Zdobnov, E. M., Aerts, M., Albert, S., Anaya, V. H., Anzola, J. M., Barchuk, A. R., Behura, S. K., Bera, A. N., Berenbaum, M. R., Bertossa, R. C., Bitondi, M. M., Bordenstein, S. R., Bork, P., Bornberg-Bauer, E., Brunain, M., Cazzamali, G., Chaboub, L., Chacko, J., Chavez, D., Childers, C. P., Choi, J. H., Clark, M. E., Claudianos, C., Clinton, R. A., Cree, A. G., Cristino, A. S., Dang, P. M., Darby, A. C., de Graaf, D. C., Devreese, B., Dinh, H. H., Edwards, R., Elango, N., Elhaik, E., Ermolaeva, O., Evans, J. D., Foret, S., Fowler, G. R., Gerlach, D., Gibson, J. D., Gilbert, D. G., Graur, D., Gr�nder, S., Hagen, D. E., Han, Y., Hauser, F., Hultmark, D., Hunter, H. C., Hurst, G. D., Jhangian, S. N., Jiang, H., Johnson, R. M., Jones, A. K., Junier, T., Kadowaki, T., Kamping, A., Kapustin, Y., Kechavarzi, B., Kim, J., Kiryutin, B., Koevoets, T., Kovar, C. L., Kriventseva, E. V., Kucharski, R., Lee, H., Lee, S. L., Lees, K., Lewis, L. R., Loehlin, D. W., Logsdon, J. M., Lopez, J. A., Lozado, R. J., Maglott, D., Maleszka, R., Mayampurath, A., Mazur, D. J., McClure, M. A., Moore, A. D., Morgan, M. B., Muller, J., Munoz-Torres, M. C., Muzny, D. M., Nazareth, L. V., Neupert, S., Nguyen, N. B., Nunes, F. M., Oakeshott, J. G., Okwuonu, G. O., Pannebakker, B. A., Pejaver, V. R., Peng, Z., Pratt, S. C., Predel, R., Pu, L. L., Ranson, H., Raychoudhury, R., Rechtsteiner, A., Reese, J. T., Reid, J. G., Riddle, M., Robertson, H. M., Romero-Severson, J., Rosenberg, M., Sackton, T. B., Sattelle, D. B., Schl�ns, H., Schmitt, T., Schneider, M., Sch�ler, A., Schurko, A. M., Shuker, D. M., Sims, Z. L., Sinha, S., Smith, Z., Solovyev, V., Souvorov, A., Springauf, A., Stafflinger, E., Stage, D. E., Stanke, M., Tanaka, Y., Telschow, A., Trent, C., Vattathil, S., Verhulst, E. C., Viljakainen, L., Wanner, K. W., Waterhouse, R. M., Whitfield, J. B., Wilkes, T. E., Williamson, M., Willis, J. H., Wolschin, F., Wyder, S., Yamada, Takuji, Yi, S. V., Zecher, C. N., Zhang, L., Gibbs, R. A., Group, Nasonia Genome Working, Zdobnov, Evgeny, Gerlach, Daniel, Junier, Thomas, Muller, Jean, Beukeboom lab, and Van de Zande lab

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Wasp Venoms/chemistry/toxicity, Insecta, Insect Viruses/genetics, PARASITOLOGIA, VITRIPENNIS, Wasps, Genome, Insect, HYMENOPTERA, Wasp Venoms, Genes, Insect, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Nasonia vitripennis, HONEYBEE, PTEROMALIDAE, Wasps/ genetics/physiology, Arthropods/parasitology, Pteromalidae, DNA METHYLATION, ddc:616, Recombination, Genetic, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, WASP NASONIA, Biological Evolution, 3. Good health, Insects, DROSOPHILA, APIS-MELLIFERA, Insect Proteins, Wolbachia, Female, Wolbachia/genetics, Nasonia, GENES, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Evolution, Genetic Speciation, Molecular Sequence Data, Quantitative Trait Loci, Insect Viruses, Quantitative trait locus, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic model, Animals, Life Science, Arthropods, 030304 developmental biology, fungi, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA Methylation, biology.organism_classification, SOCIAL INSECTS, Insects/genetics, Evolutionary biology, DNA Transposable Elements, Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Abstract

Parasitoid Wasp Genomes Parasitoid wasps, which prey on and reproduce in host insect species, play important roles in plant herbivore interactions, and may provide valuable tools in the biological control of pest species. The Nasonia Genome Working Group (p. 343 ; see the news story by Pennisi ) presents the genome of three very closely related species: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti , and N. longicornis . The findings document rapid evolution between a host and endosymbiont that can cause nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibilities that may affect speciation.

Published
2010

3. Genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics of Daphnia pulex neuropeptides and protein hormones.

Author

Dircksen H, Neupert S, Predel R, Verleyen P, Huybrechts J, Strauss J, Hauser F, Stafflinger E, Schneider M, Pauwels K, Schoofs L, and Grimmelikhuijzen CJ

Subjects
Adipokines metabolism, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Computational Biology methods, Daphnia, Expressed Sequence Tags, Female, Mass Spectrometry methods, Molecular Sequence Data, Neuropeptides chemistry, Proteins chemistry, Proteomics methods, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Genomics, Peptides chemistry, Transcriptome
Abstract

We report 43 novel genes in the water flea Daphnia pulex encoding 73 predicted neuropeptide and protein hormones as partly confirmed by RT-PCR. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified 40 neuropeptides by mass matches and 30 neuropeptides by fragmentation sequencing. Single genes encode adipokinetic hormone, allatostatin-A, allatostatin-B, allatotropin, Ala(7)-CCAP, CCHamide, Arg(7)-corazonin, DENamides, CRF-like (DH52) and calcitonin-like (DH31) diuretic hormones, two ecdysis-triggering hormones, two FIRFamides, one insulin, two alternative splice forms of ion transport peptide (ITP), myosuppressin, neuroparsin, two neuropeptide-F splice forms, three periviscerokinins (but no pyrokinins), pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, Met(4)-proctolin, short neuropeptide-F, three RYamides, SIFamide, two sulfakinins, and three tachykinins. There are two genes for a preprohormone containing orcomyotropin-like peptides and orcokinins, two genes for N-terminally elongated ITPs, two genes (clustered) for eclosion hormones, two genes (clustered) for bursicons alpha, beta, and two genes (clustered) for glycoproteins GPA2, GPB5, three genes for different allatostatins-C (two of them clustered) and three genes for IGF-related peptides. Detailed comparisons of genes or their products with those from insects and decapod crustaceans revealed that the D. pulex peptides are often closer related to their insect than to their decapod crustacean homologues, confirming that branchiopods, to which Daphnia belongs, are the ancestor group of insects.

Published
2011
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4. Discovery of a novel insect neuropeptide signaling system closely related to the insect adipokinetic hormone and corazonin hormonal systems.

Author

Hansen KK, Stafflinger E, Schneider M, Hauser F, Cazzamali G, Williamson M, Kollmann M, Schachtner J, and Grimmelikhuijzen CJ

Subjects
Aedes genetics, Aedes metabolism, Animals, Anopheles genetics, Anopheles metabolism, CHO Cells, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Drosophila genetics, Drosophila metabolism, Evolution, Molecular, Genes, Insect, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Insect Hormones chemistry, Insect Hormones genetics, Insect Proteins chemistry, Insect Proteins genetics, Insecta genetics, Neuropeptides chemistry, Neuropeptides genetics, Phylogeny, Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled classification, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Receptors, Neuropeptide genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Signal Transduction, Tribolium genetics, Tribolium metabolism, Insect Hormones metabolism, Insect Proteins metabolism, Insecta metabolism, Neuropeptides metabolism, Oligopeptides metabolism, Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid analogs & derivatives, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Receptors, Neuropeptide metabolism
Abstract

Neuropeptides and their G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a central role in the physiology of insects. One large family of insect neuropeptides are the adipokinetic hormones (AKHs), which mobilize lipids and carbohydrates from the insect fat body. Other peptides are the corazonins that are structurally related to the AKHs but represent a different neuropeptide signaling system. We have previously cloned an orphan GPCR from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae that was structurally intermediate between the A. gambiae AKH and corazonin GPCRs. Using functional expression of the receptor in cells in cell culture, we have now identified the ligand for this orphan receptor as being pQVTFSRDWNAamide, a neuropeptide that is structurally intermediate between AKH and corazonin and that we therefore named ACP (AKH/corazonin-related peptide). ACP does not activate the A. gambiae AKH and corazonin receptors and, vice versa, AKH and corazonin do not activate the ACP receptor, showing that the ACP/receptor couple is an independent and so far unknown peptidergic signaling system. Because ACP is structurally intermediate between AKH and corazonin and the ACP receptor between the AKH and corazonin receptors, this is a prominent example of receptor/ligand co-evolution, probably originating from receptor and ligand gene duplications followed by mutations and evolutionary selection, thereby yielding three independent hormonal systems. The ACP signaling system occurs in the mosquitoes A. gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens (Diptera), the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera), and the bug Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). However, the ACP system is not present in 12 Drosophila species (Diptera), the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera), the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera), the body louse Pediculus humanus (Phthiraptera), and the crustacean Daphnia pulex, indicating that it has been lost several times during arthropod evolution. In particular, this frequent loss of hormonal systems is unique for arthropods compared with vertebrates.

Published
2010
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5. Functional and evolutionary insights from the genomes of three parasitoid Nasonia species.

Author

Werren JH, Richards S, Desjardins CA, Niehuis O, Gadau J, Colbourne JK, Werren JH, Richards S, Desjardins CA, Niehuis O, Gadau J, Colbourne JK, Beukeboom LW, Desplan C, Elsik CG, Grimmelikhuijzen CJ, Kitts P, Lynch JA, Murphy T, Oliveira DC, Smith CD, van de Zande L, Worley KC, Zdobnov EM, Aerts M, Albert S, Anaya VH, Anzola JM, Barchuk AR, Behura SK, Bera AN, Berenbaum MR, Bertossa RC, Bitondi MM, Bordenstein SR, Bork P, Bornberg-Bauer E, Brunain M, Cazzamali G, Chaboub L, Chacko J, Chavez D, Childers CP, Choi JH, Clark ME, Claudianos C, Clinton RA, Cree AG, Cristino AS, Dang PM, Darby AC, de Graaf DC, Devreese B, Dinh HH, Edwards R, Elango N, Elhaik E, Ermolaeva O, Evans JD, Foret S, Fowler GR, Gerlach D, Gibson JD, Gilbert DG, Graur D, Gründer S, Hagen DE, Han Y, Hauser F, Hultmark D, Hunter HC 4th, Hurst GD, Jhangian SN, Jiang H, Johnson RM, Jones AK, Junier T, Kadowaki T, Kamping A, Kapustin Y, Kechavarzi B, Kim J, Kim J, Kiryutin B, Koevoets T, Kovar CL, Kriventseva EV, Kucharski R, Lee H, Lee SL, Lees K, Lewis LR, Loehlin DW, Logsdon JM Jr, Lopez JA, Lozado RJ, Maglott D, Maleszka R, Mayampurath A, Mazur DJ, McClure MA, Moore AD, Morgan MB, Muller J, Munoz-Torres MC, Muzny DM, Nazareth LV, Neupert S, Nguyen NB, Nunes FM, Oakeshott JG, Okwuonu GO, Pannebakker BA, Pejaver VR, Peng Z, Pratt SC, Predel R, Pu LL, Ranson H, Raychoudhury R, Rechtsteiner A, Reese JT, Reid JG, Riddle M, Robertson HM, Romero-Severson J, Rosenberg M, Sackton TB, Sattelle DB, Schlüns H, Schmitt T, Schneider M, Schüler A, Schurko AM, Shuker DM, Simões ZL, Sinha S, Smith Z, Solovyev V, Souvorov A, Springauf A, Stafflinger E, Stage DE, Stanke M, Tanaka Y, Telschow A, Trent C, Vattathil S, Verhulst EC, Viljakainen L, Wanner KW, Waterhouse RM, Whitfield JB, Wilkes TE, Williamson M, Willis JH, Wolschin F, Wyder S, Yamada T, Yi SV, Zecher CN, Zhang L, and Gibbs RA

Subjects
Animals, Arthropods parasitology, DNA Methylation, DNA Transposable Elements, Female, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Genes, Insect, Genetic Speciation, Genetic Variation, Host-Parasite Interactions, Insect Proteins genetics, Insect Proteins metabolism, Insect Viruses genetics, Insecta genetics, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Quantitative Trait Loci, Recombination, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Wasp Venoms chemistry, Wasp Venoms toxicity, Wasps physiology, Wolbachia genetics, Biological Evolution, Genome, Insect, Wasps genetics
Abstract

We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.

Published
2010
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6. Cloning and identification of an oxytocin/vasopressin-like receptor and its ligand from insects.

Author

Stafflinger E, Hansen KK, Hauser F, Schneider M, Cazzamali G, Williamson M, and Grimmelikhuijzen CJ

Subjects
Animals, CHO Cells, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Ligands, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Receptors, Vasopressin, Tribolium chemistry, Cloning, Molecular, Receptors, Oxytocin genetics, Tribolium genetics
Abstract

More than 20 years ago, an oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide, CLITNCPRGamide, was isolated from the locust, Locusta migratoria [Proux JP, et al. (1987) Identification of an arginine vasopressin-like diuretic hormone from Locusta migratoria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 149:180-186]. However, no similar peptide could be identified in other insects, nor could its prohormone be cloned, or its physiological actions be established. Here, we report that the recently sequenced genome from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum contains a gene coding for an oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide, identical to the locust peptide, which we named inotocin (for insect oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide) and a gene coding for an inotocin G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). We cloned the Tribolium inotocin preprohormone and the inotocin GPCR and expressed the GPCR in CHO cells. This GPCR is strongly activated by low concentrations of inotocin (EC(50), 5 x 10(-9) M), demonstrating that it is the inotocin receptor. Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) showed that in adult Tribolium, the receptor is mainly expressed in the head and much less in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules, suggesting that the inotocin/receptor couple does not play a role in water homeostasis. Surprisingly, qPCR also showed that the receptor is 30x more expressed in the first larval stages than in adult animals. The inotocin/receptor couple can also be found in the recently sequenced genome from the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis but not in any other holometabolous insect with a completely sequenced genome (12 Drosophila species, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, the silk worm Bombyx mori, and the honey bee Apis mellifera), suggesting that this neuropeptide system is confined to basal holometabolous insects. Furthermore, we identified an oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide and receptor in the recently sequenced genome from the water flea Daphnia pulex (Crustacea). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular cloning of an oxytocin/vasopressin-like receptor and its ligand from arthropods.

Published
2008
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