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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common neuropathy with various underlying causes, posing diagnostic and management challenges for healthcare providers. The condition is typically associated with repetitive strain, idiopathic factors, or anatomical variations, leading to the compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. We describe a case of a 46-year-old male who presented with recurrent CTS symptoms one year after a successful carpal tunnel release surgery. The symptoms resurfaced following a minor wrist trauma, leading to pain, numbness, and hand weakness. Despite initial conservative management, including immobilization and NSAIDs, the symptoms persisted. Further investigation and exploratory surgery revealed a rare subepineural hematoma of the median nerve, which was subsequently drained, resulting in immediate and lasting symptom relief. This case demonstrates the importance of considering uncommon etiologies such as subepineural hematomas in patients with recurrent CTS and underscores the need for a thorough diagnostic approach to ensure effective treatment., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Lyrtzis et al.)

Duplication of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon is an extremely uncommon anatomical anomaly found within the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle, with minimal documentation in the current literature. We present the case of a 45-year-old female manual laborer who exhibited symptoms suggestive of trigger finger in her right middle finger. Surgical exploration uncovered a duplicated FDP tendon, a previously unreported anatomical anomaly in this context. Despite attempting conservative treatment initially, surgical intervention involving release of the A1 pulley, excision of the A1 pulley, and identification of the duplicated tendon was performed. The unusual nature of this anatomical variation highlights the need for additional research into its clinical significance and treatment options. This case highlights the significance of conducting comprehensive anatomical assessments to diagnose and treat uncommon variations within the FDS muscle. It underscores the continued need for collaborative research to enhance treatment approaches, especially in instances where trigger finger symptoms are present., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Lyrtzis et al.)