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1. The Comparative Harms of Open and Robotic Prostatectomy in Population Based Samples

Author: O'Neil, B, Koyama, T, Alvarez, J, Conwill, RM, Albertsen, PC, Cooperberg, MR, Goodman, M, Greenfield, S, Hamilton, AS, Hoffman, KE, Hoffman, RM, Kaplan, SH, Stanford, JL, Stroup, AM, Paddock, LE, Wu, XC, Stephenson, RA, Resnick, MJ, Barocas, DA, and Penson, DF
Subjects: Clinical Sciences, Urology & Nephrology
Abstract: Purpose Robotic assisted radical prostatectomy has largely replaced open radical prostatectomy for the surgical management of prostate cancer despite conflicting evidence of superiority with respect to disease control or functional sequelae. Using population cohort data, in this study we examined sexual and urinary function in men undergoing open radical prostatectomy vs those undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods Subjects surgically treated for prostate cancer were selected from 2 large population based prospective cohort studies, the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study (enrolled 1994 to 1995) and the Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Surgery and Radiation (enrolled 2011 to 2012). Subjects completed baseline, 6-month and 12-month standardized patient reported outcome measures. Main outcomes were between-group differences in functional outcome scores at 6 and 12 months using linear regression, and adjusting for baseline function, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate outcomes between patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy and robotic assisted radical prostatectomy within and across CEASAR and PCOS. Results The combined cohort consisted of 2,438 men, 1,505 of whom underwent open radical prostatectomy and 933 of whom underwent robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. Men treated with robotic assisted radical prostatectomy reported better urinary function at 6 months (mean difference 3.77 points, 95% CI 1.09-6.44) but not at 12 months (1.19, -1.32-3.71). Subjects treated with robotic assisted radical prostatectomy also reported superior sexual function at 6 months (8.31, 6.02-10.56) and at 12 months (7.64, 5.25-10.03). Sensitivity analyses largely supported the sexual function findings with inconsistent support for urinary function results. Conclusions This population based study reveals that men undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy likely experience less decline in early urinary continence and sexual function than those undergoing open radical prostatectomy. The clinical meaning of these differences is uncertain and longer followup will be required to establish whether these benefits are durable.
Published: 2016

2. The evolution of self-reported urinary and sexual dysfunction over the last two decades: Implications for comparative effectiveness research

Author: Resnick, MJ, Barocas, DA, Morgans, AK, Phillips, SE, Koyama, T, Albertsen, PC, Cooperberg, MR, Goodman, M, Greenfield, S, Hamilton, AS, Hoffman, KE, Hoffman, RM, Kaplan, SH, McCollum, D, Paddock, LE, Stanford, JL, Stroup, AM, Wu, XC, and Penson, DF
Subjects: Clinical Sciences, Urology & Nephrology
Abstract: Background Despite the paramount importance of patient-reported outcomes, little is known about the evolution of patient-reported urinary and sexual function over time. Objective To evaluate differences in pretreatment urinary and sexual function in two population-based cohorts of men with prostate cancer enrolled nearly 20 yr apart. Design, setting, and participants Patients were enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study (PCOS) or the Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Surgery and Radiation (CEASAR) study, two population-based cohorts that enrolled patients with incident prostate cancer from 1994 to 1995 and from 2011 to 2012, respectively. Participants completed surveys at baseline and various time points thereafter. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We performed multivariable logistic and linear regression analysis to investigate differences in pretreatment function between studies. Results and limitations The study comprised 5469 men of whom 2334 (43%) were enrolled in PCOS and 3135 (57%) were enrolled in CEASAR. Self-reported urinary incontinence was higher in CEASAR compared with PCOS (7.7% vs 4.7%; adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-2.43). Similarly, self-reported erectile dysfunction was more common among CEASAR participants (44.7% vs 24.0%) with an adjusted OR of 3.12 (95% CI, 2.68-3.64). Multivariable linear regression models revealed less favorable self-reported baseline function among CEASAR participants in the urinary incontinence and sexual function domains. The study is limited by its observational design and possibility of unmeasured confounding. Conclusions Reporting of pretreatment urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction has increased over the past two decades. These findings may reflect sociological changes including heightened media attention and direct-to-consumer marketing, among other potential explanations. Patient summary Patient reporting of urinary and sexual function has evolved and is likely contingent on continually changing societal norms. Recognizing the evolving nature of patient reporting is essential in efforts to conduct high-quality, impactful comparative effectiveness research.
Published: 2015

3. Associations of prostate cancer risk variants with disease aggressiveness: results of the NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group analysis of 18,343 cases

Author: Helfand, BT, Roehl, KA, Cooper, PR, McGuire, BB, Fitzgerald, LM, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cornu, JN, Bauer, S, Van Blarigan, EL, Chen, X, Duggan, D, Ostrander, EA, Gwo-Shu, M, Zhang, ZF, Chang, SC, Jeong, S, Fontham, ETH, Smith, G, Mohler, JL, Berndt, SI, McDonnell, SK, Kittles, R, Rybicki, BA, Freedman, M, Kantoff, PW, Pomerantz, M, Breyer, JP, Smith, JR, Rebbeck, TR, Mercola, D, Isaacs, WB, Wiklund, F, Cussenot, O, Thibodeau, SN, Schaid, DJ, Cannon-Albright, L, Cooney, KA, Chanock, SJ, Stanford, JL, Chan, JM, Witte, J, Xu, J, Bensen, JT, Taylor, JA, and Catalona, WJ
Subjects: Genetics, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract: Genetic studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PC). It remains unclear whether such genetic variants are associated with disease aggressiveness. The NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group retrospectively collected clinicopathologic information and genotype data for 36 SNPs which at the time had been validated to be associated with PC risk from 25,674 cases with PC. Cases were grouped according to race, Gleason score (Gleason ≤6, 7, ≥8) and aggressiveness (non-aggressive, intermediate, and aggressive disease). Statistical analyses were used to compare the frequency of the SNPs between different disease cohorts. After adjusting for multiple testing, only PC-risk SNP rs2735839 (G) was significantly and inversely associated with aggressive (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI 0.69–0.87) and high-grade disease (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI 0.68–0.86) in European men. Similar associations with aggressive (OR = 0.72; 95 % CI 0.58–0.89) and high-grade disease (OR = 0.69; 95 % CI 0.54–0.87) were documented in African-American subjects. The G allele of rs2735839 was associated with disease aggressiveness even at low PSA levels (
Published: 2015

4. Genome-wide meta-analyses of smoking behaviors in African Americans.

Author: David, SP, Hamidovic, A, Chen, GK, Bergen, AW, Wessel, J, Kasberger, JL, Brown, WM, Petruzella, S, Thacker, EL, Kim, Y, Nalls, MA, Tranah, GJ, Sung, YJ, Ambrosone, CB, Arnett, D, Bandera, EV, Becker, DM, Becker, L, Berndt, SI, Bernstein, L, Blot, WJ, Broeckel, U, Buxbaum, SG, Caporaso, N, Casey, G, Chanock, SJ, Deming, SL, Diver, WR, Eaton, CB, Evans, DS, Evans, MK, Fornage, M, Franceschini, N, Harris, TB, Henderson, BE, Hernandez, DG, Hitsman, B, Hu, JJ, Hunt, SC, Ingles, SA, John, EM, Kittles, R, Kolb, S, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Liu, Y, Lohman, KK, McKnight, B, Millikan, RC, Murphy, A, Neslund-Dudas, C, Nyante, S, Press, M, Psaty, BM, Rao, DC, Redline, S, Rodriguez-Gil, JL, Rybicki, BA, Signorello, LB, Singleton, AB, Smoller, J, Snively, B, Spring, B, Stanford, JL, Strom, SS, Swan, GE, Taylor, KD, Thun, MJ, Wilson, AF, Witte, JS, Yamamura, Y, Yanek, LR, Yu, K, Zheng, W, Ziegler, RG, Zonderman, AB, Jorgenson, E, Haiman, CA, and Furberg, H
Subjects: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Proteoglycans, Receptors, Nicotinic, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Smoking, Genotype, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, African Americans, Female, Male, Statistics as Topic, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci, African American, genome-wide association, health disparities, nicotine, smoking, tobacco, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10, Pair 15, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Nicotinic, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract: The identification and exploration of genetic loci that influence smoking behaviors have been conducted primarily in populations of the European ancestry. Here we report results of the first genome-wide association study meta-analysis of smoking behavior in African Americans in the Study of Tobacco in Minority Populations Genetics Consortium (n = 32,389). We identified one non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs2036527[A]) on chromosome 15q25.1 associated with smoking quantity (cigarettes per day), which exceeded genome-wide significance (β = 0.040, s.e. = 0.007, P = 1.84 × 10(-8)). This variant is present in the 5'-distal enhancer region of the CHRNA5 gene and defines the primary index signal reported in studies of the European ancestry. No other SNP reached genome-wide significance for smoking initiation (SI, ever vs never smoking), age of SI, or smoking cessation (SC, former vs current smoking). Informative associations that approached genome-wide significance included three modestly correlated variants, at 15q25.1 within PSMA4, CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 for smoking quantity, which are associated with a second signal previously reported in studies in European ancestry populations, and a signal represented by three SNPs in the SPOCK2 gene on chr10q22.1. The association at 15q25.1 confirms this region as an important susceptibility locus for smoking quantity in men and women of African ancestry. Larger studies will be needed to validate the suggestive loci that did not reach genome-wide significance and further elucidate the contribution of genetic variation to disparities in cigarette consumption, SC and smoking-attributable disease between African Americans and European Americans.
Published: 2012

5. Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants.

Author: Wang, A, Shen, J, Rodriguez, AA, Saunders, EJ, Chen, F, Janivara, R, Darst, BF, Sheng, X, Xu, Y, Chou, AJ, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Plym, A, Sahimi, A, Hoffman, TJ, Takahashi, A, Matsuda, K, Momozawa, Y, Fujita, M, Laisk, T, Figuerêdo, J, Muir, K, Ito, S, Liu, X, Biobank Japan Project, Uchio, Y, Kubo, M, Kamatani, Y, Lophatananon, A, Wan, P, Andrews, C, Lori, A, Choudhury, PP, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Lubinski, J, Rentsch, CT, Cho, K, Mcmahon, BH, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Røder, A, Stroomberg, HV, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilly, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordstrom, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Cook, MB, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-É, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Koutros, S, Beane Freeman, LE, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sørensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandão, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Butler, EN, Mohler, JL, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Dierssen-Sotos, T, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Pilie, P, Yu, Y, Bohlender, RJ, Gu, J, Strom, SS, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Brenner, H, Chen, X, Holleczek, B, Schöttker, B, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, CM, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Abraham, A, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, J, Petrovics, G, Casey, G, Wang, Y, Tettey, Y, Lachance, J, Tang, W, Biritwum, RB, Adjei, AA, Tay, E, Truelove, A, Niwa, S, Yamoah, K, Govindasami, K, Chokkalingam, AP, Keaton, JM, Hellwege, JN, Clark, PE, Jalloh, M, Gueye, SM, Niang, L, Ogunbiyi, O, Shittu, O, Amodu, O, Adebiyi, AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, OI, Ajibola, HO, Jamda, MA, Oluwole, OP, Nwegbu, M, Adusei, B, Mante, S, Darkwa-Abrahams, A, Diop, H, Gundell, SM, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Kachuri, L, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Preuss, MH, Loos, RJF, Zawistowski, M, Zöllner, S, Lu, Z, Van Den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Ambs, S, Edwards, TL, Mägi, R, Rebbeck, TR, Fritsche, L, Chanock, SJ, Berndt, SI, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Gaziano, JM, Justice, AC, Mancuso, N, Terao, C, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Madduri, RK, Conti, DV, Haiman, CA, Wang, A, Shen, J, Rodriguez, AA, Saunders, EJ, Chen, F, Janivara, R, Darst, BF, Sheng, X, Xu, Y, Chou, AJ, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Plym, A, Sahimi, A, Hoffman, TJ, Takahashi, A, Matsuda, K, Momozawa, Y, Fujita, M, Laisk, T, Figuerêdo, J, Muir, K, Ito, S, Liu, X, Biobank Japan Project, Uchio, Y, Kubo, M, Kamatani, Y, Lophatananon, A, Wan, P, Andrews, C, Lori, A, Choudhury, PP, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Lubinski, J, Rentsch, CT, Cho, K, Mcmahon, BH, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Røder, A, Stroomberg, HV, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilly, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordstrom, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Cook, MB, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-É, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Koutros, S, Beane Freeman, LE, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sørensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandão, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Butler, EN, Mohler, JL, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Dierssen-Sotos, T, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Pilie, P, Yu, Y, Bohlender, RJ, Gu, J, Strom, SS, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Brenner, H, Chen, X, Holleczek, B, Schöttker, B, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, CM, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Abraham, A, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, J, Petrovics, G, Casey, G, Wang, Y, Tettey, Y, Lachance, J, Tang, W, Biritwum, RB, Adjei, AA, Tay, E, Truelove, A, Niwa, S, Yamoah, K, Govindasami, K, Chokkalingam, AP, Keaton, JM, Hellwege, JN, Clark, PE, Jalloh, M, Gueye, SM, Niang, L, Ogunbiyi, O, Shittu, O, Amodu, O, Adebiyi, AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, OI, Ajibola, HO, Jamda, MA, Oluwole, OP, Nwegbu, M, Adusei, B, Mante, S, Darkwa-Abrahams, A, Diop, H, Gundell, SM, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Kachuri, L, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Preuss, MH, Loos, RJF, Zawistowski, M, Zöllner, S, Lu, Z, Van Den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Ambs, S, Edwards, TL, Mägi, R, Rebbeck, TR, Fritsche, L, Chanock, SJ, Berndt, SI, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Gaziano, JM, Justice, AC, Mancuso, N, Terao, C, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Madduri, RK, Conti, DV, and Haiman, CA
Abstract: The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
Published: 2023

6. Genetic factors associated with prostate cancer conversion from active surveillance to treatment

Author: Jiang, Y, Meyers, TJ, Emeka, AA, Cooley, LF, Cooper, PR, Lancki, N, Helenowski, I, Kachuri, L, Lin, DW, Stanford, JL, Newcomb, LF, Kolb, S, Finelli, A, Fleshner, NE, Komisarenko, M, Eastham, JA, Ehdaie, B, Benfante, N, Logothetis, CJ, Gregg, JR, Perez, CA, Garza, S, Kim, J, Marks, LS, Delfin, M, Barsa, D, Vesprini, D, Klotz, LH, Loblaw, A, Mamedov, A, Goldenberg, SL, Higano, CS, Spillane, M, Wu, E, Carter, HB, Pavlovich, CP, Mamawala, M, Landis, T, Carroll, PR, Chan, JM, Cooperberg, MR, Cowan, JE, Morgan, TM, Siddiqui, J, Martin, R, Klein, EA, Brittain, K, Gotwald, P, Barocas, DA, Dallmer, JR, Gordetsky, JB, Steele, P, Kundu, SD, Stockdale, J, Roobol, MJ, Venderbos, LDF, Sanda, MG, Arnold, R, Patil, D, Evans, CP, Dall'Era, MA, Vij, A, Costello, AJ, Chow, K, Corcoran, NM, Rais-Bahrami, S, Phares, C, Scherr, DS, Flynn, T, Karnes, RJ, Koch, M, Dhondt, CR, Nelson, JB, McBride, D, Cookson, MS, Stratton, KL, Farriester, S, Hemken, E, Stadler, WM, Pera, T, Banionyte, D, Bianco, FJ, Lopez, IH, Loeb, S, Taneja, SS, Byrne, N, Amling, CL, Martinez, A, Boileau, L, Gaylis, FD, Petkewicz, J, Kirwen, N, Helfand, BT, Xu, J, Scholtens, DM, Catalona, WJ, Witte, JS, Jiang, Y, Meyers, TJ, Emeka, AA, Cooley, LF, Cooper, PR, Lancki, N, Helenowski, I, Kachuri, L, Lin, DW, Stanford, JL, Newcomb, LF, Kolb, S, Finelli, A, Fleshner, NE, Komisarenko, M, Eastham, JA, Ehdaie, B, Benfante, N, Logothetis, CJ, Gregg, JR, Perez, CA, Garza, S, Kim, J, Marks, LS, Delfin, M, Barsa, D, Vesprini, D, Klotz, LH, Loblaw, A, Mamedov, A, Goldenberg, SL, Higano, CS, Spillane, M, Wu, E, Carter, HB, Pavlovich, CP, Mamawala, M, Landis, T, Carroll, PR, Chan, JM, Cooperberg, MR, Cowan, JE, Morgan, TM, Siddiqui, J, Martin, R, Klein, EA, Brittain, K, Gotwald, P, Barocas, DA, Dallmer, JR, Gordetsky, JB, Steele, P, Kundu, SD, Stockdale, J, Roobol, MJ, Venderbos, LDF, Sanda, MG, Arnold, R, Patil, D, Evans, CP, Dall'Era, MA, Vij, A, Costello, AJ, Chow, K, Corcoran, NM, Rais-Bahrami, S, Phares, C, Scherr, DS, Flynn, T, Karnes, RJ, Koch, M, Dhondt, CR, Nelson, JB, McBride, D, Cookson, MS, Stratton, KL, Farriester, S, Hemken, E, Stadler, WM, Pera, T, Banionyte, D, Bianco, FJ, Lopez, IH, Loeb, S, Taneja, SS, Byrne, N, Amling, CL, Martinez, A, Boileau, L, Gaylis, FD, Petkewicz, J, Kirwen, N, Helfand, BT, Xu, J, Scholtens, DM, Catalona, WJ, and Witte, JS
Abstract: Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5,222 PC patients and 1,139 other patients from replication cohorts, all of whom initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 variants associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. With a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we found two genes associated with conversion (MAST3, p = 6.9×10-7 and GAB2, p = 2.0×10-6). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS-or the intensity of monitoring on AS-versus treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.
Published: 2022

7. Prostate cancer risk stratification improvement across multiple ancestries with new polygenic hazard score

Author: Minh-Phuong, H-L, Karunamuni, R, Fan, CC, Asona, L, Thompson, WK, Martinez, ME, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, KR, Lophatananon, A, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Groenberg, H, Neal, DE, Nordestgaard, BG, Tangen, CM, MacInnis, RJ, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Blot, WJ, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Nielsen, SF, Kibel, AS, Cussenot, O, Berndt, S, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Menegaux, F, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, BS, Lu, Y-J, Watya, S, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Wiklund, F, Penney, KL, Huff, CD, Teixeira, MR, Multigner, L, Leach, RJ, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Ost, P, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Fowke, JH, Gamulin, M, Abraham, A, Claessens, F, Castelao, JE, Townsend, PA, Crawford, DC, Petrovics, G, van Schaik, RHN, Parent, M-E, Hu, JJ, Zheng, W, Mills, IG, Andreassen, OA, Dale, AM, Seibert, TM, Minh-Phuong, H-L, Karunamuni, R, Fan, CC, Asona, L, Thompson, WK, Martinez, ME, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, KR, Lophatananon, A, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Groenberg, H, Neal, DE, Nordestgaard, BG, Tangen, CM, MacInnis, RJ, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Blot, WJ, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Nielsen, SF, Kibel, AS, Cussenot, O, Berndt, S, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Menegaux, F, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, BS, Lu, Y-J, Watya, S, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Wiklund, F, Penney, KL, Huff, CD, Teixeira, MR, Multigner, L, Leach, RJ, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Ost, P, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Fowke, JH, Gamulin, M, Abraham, A, Claessens, F, Castelao, JE, Townsend, PA, Crawford, DC, Petrovics, G, van Schaik, RHN, Parent, M-E, Hu, JJ, Zheng, W, Mills, IG, Andreassen, OA, Dale, AM, and Seibert, TM
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer risk stratification using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrates considerable promise in men of European, Asian, and African genetic ancestries, but there is still need for increased accuracy. We evaluated whether including additional SNPs in a prostate cancer polygenic hazard score (PHS) would improve associations with clinically significant prostate cancer in multi-ancestry datasets. METHODS: In total, 299 SNPs previously associated with prostate cancer were evaluated for inclusion in a new PHS, using a LASSO-regularized Cox proportional hazards model in a training dataset of 72,181 men from the PRACTICAL Consortium. The PHS model was evaluated in four testing datasets: African ancestry, Asian ancestry, and two of European Ancestry-the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and the ProtecT study. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to compare men with high versus low PHS for association with clinically significant, with any, and with fatal prostate cancer. The impact of genetic risk stratification on the positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA testing for clinically significant prostate cancer was also measured. RESULTS: The final model (PHS290) had 290 SNPs with non-zero coefficients. Comparing, for example, the highest and lowest quintiles of PHS290, the hazard ratios (HRs) for clinically significant prostate cancer were 13.73 [95% CI: 12.43-15.16] in ProtecT, 7.07 [6.58-7.60] in African ancestry, 10.31 [9.58-11.11] in Asian ancestry, and 11.18 [10.34-12.09] in COSM. Similar results were seen for association with any and fatal prostate cancer. Without PHS stratification, the PPV of PSA testing for clinically significant prostate cancer in ProtecT was 0.12 (0.11-0.14). For the top 20% and top 5% of PHS290, the PPV of PSA testing was 0.19 (0.15-0.22) and 0.26 (0.19-0.33), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate better genetic risk stratification for clinically significant prostate cancer than prior versions of PHS in multi-ancestry d
Published: 2022

8. Marital status and prostate cancer incidence: a pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies from the PRACTICAL consortium

Author: Salmon, C, Song, L, Muir, K, UKGPCS Collaborators, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Batra, J, APCB BioResource (Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource), Chambers, S, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Park, JY, Lin, H-Y, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Cordina-Duverger, E, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Razack, A, Lim, J, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Kote-Jarai, Z, Eeles, RA, on behalf of the PRACTICAL Consortium, and Parent, M-É
Subjects: Male, Marital Status, Epidemiology, Incidence, Prostatic Neoplasms, Social Support, Single Person, Adenocarcinoma, Middle Aged, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Divorce, Population Surveillance, Humans, Marriage, Aged
Abstract: While being in a committed relationship is associated with a better prostate cancer prognosis, little is known about how marital status relates to its incidence. Social support provided by marriage/relationship could promote a healthy lifestyle and an increased healthcare seeking behavior. We investigated the association between marital status and prostate cancer risk using data from the PRACTICAL Consortium. Pooled analyses were conducted combining 12 case-control studies based on histologically-confirmed incident prostate cancers and controls with information on marital status prior to diagnosis/interview. Marital status was categorized as married/partner, separated/divorced, single, or widowed. Tumours with Gleason scores ≥ 8 defined high-grade cancers, and low-grade otherwise. NCI-SEER's summary stages (local, regional, distant) indicated the extent of the cancer. Logistic regression was used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between marital status and prostate cancer risk, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, 14,760 cases and 12,019 controls contributed to analyses. Compared to men who were married/with a partner, widowed men had an OR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.03-1.35) of prostate cancer, with little difference between low- and high-grade tumours. Risk estimates among widowers were 1.14 (95% CI 0.97-1.34) for local, 1.53 (95% CI 1.22-1.92) for regional, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.05-2.32) for distant stage tumours. Single men had elevated risks of high-grade cancers. Our findings highlight elevated risks of incident prostate cancer among widowers, more often characterized by tumours that had spread beyond the prostate at the time of diagnosis. Social support interventions and closer medical follow-up in this sub-population are warranted.
Published: 2021

9. Additional SNPs improve risk stratification of a polygenic hazard score for prostate cancer

Author: Karunamuni, RA, Huynh-Le, M-P, Fan, CC, Thompson, W, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Groenberg, H, Walsh, EI, Turner, EL, Lane, A, Martin, RM, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Nordestgaard, BG, Tangen, CM, MacInnis, RJ, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Nielsen, SF, Kibel, AS, Wiklund, F, Cussenot, O, Berndt, SI, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, BS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Teixeira, MR, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Gamulin, M, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Gago-Dominguez, M, Townsend, PA, Roobol, MJ, Zheng, W, Mills, IG, Andreassen, OA, Dale, AM, Seibert, TM, Karunamuni, RA, Huynh-Le, M-P, Fan, CC, Thompson, W, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Groenberg, H, Walsh, EI, Turner, EL, Lane, A, Martin, RM, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Nordestgaard, BG, Tangen, CM, MacInnis, RJ, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Nielsen, SF, Kibel, AS, Wiklund, F, Cussenot, O, Berndt, SI, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, BS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Teixeira, MR, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Gamulin, M, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Gago-Dominguez, M, Townsend, PA, Roobol, MJ, Zheng, W, Mills, IG, Andreassen, OA, Dale, AM, and Seibert, TM
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Polygenic hazard scores (PHS) can identify individuals with increased risk of prostate cancer. We estimated the benefit of additional SNPs on performance of a previously validated PHS (PHS46). MATERIALS AND METHOD: 180 SNPs, shown to be previously associated with prostate cancer, were used to develop a PHS model in men with European ancestry. A machine-learning approach, LASSO-regularized Cox regression, was used to select SNPs and to estimate their coefficients in the training set (75,596 men). Performance of the resulting model was evaluated in the testing/validation set (6,411 men) with two metrics: (1) hazard ratios (HRs) and (2) positive predictive value (PPV) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. HRs were estimated between individuals with PHS in the top 5% to those in the middle 40% (HR95/50), top 20% to bottom 20% (HR80/20), and bottom 20% to middle 40% (HR20/50). PPV was calculated for the top 20% (PPV80) and top 5% (PPV95) of PHS as the fraction of individuals with elevated PSA that were diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer on biopsy. RESULTS: 166 SNPs had non-zero coefficients in the Cox model (PHS166). All HR metrics showed significant improvements for PHS166 compared to PHS46: HR95/50 increased from 3.72 to 5.09, HR80/20 increased from 6.12 to 9.45, and HR20/50 decreased from 0.41 to 0.34. By contrast, no significant differences were observed in PPV of PSA testing for clinically significant prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating 120 additional SNPs (PHS166 vs PHS46) significantly improved HRs for prostate cancer, while PPV of PSA testing remained the same.
Published: 2021

10. Two-stage Study of Familial Prostate Cancer by Whole-exome Sequencing and Custom Capture Identifies 10 Novel Genes Associated with the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Author: Schaid, DJ, McDonnell, SK, FitzGerald, LM, DeRycke, L, Fogarty, Z, Giles, GG, MacInnis, RJ, Southey, MC, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cussenot, O, Whittemore, AS, Sieh, W, Ioannidis, NM, Hsieh, C-L, Stanford, JL, Schleutker, J, Cropp, CD, Carpten, J, Hoegel, J, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Ackerman, MJ, Klein, CJ, Mandal, D, Cooney, KA, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Helfand, B, Catalona, WJ, Wiklund, F, Riska, S, Bahetti, S, Larson, MC, Albright, LC, Teerlink, C, Xu, J, Isaacs, W, Ostrander, EA, Thibodeau, SN, Schaid, DJ, McDonnell, SK, FitzGerald, LM, DeRycke, L, Fogarty, Z, Giles, GG, MacInnis, RJ, Southey, MC, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cussenot, O, Whittemore, AS, Sieh, W, Ioannidis, NM, Hsieh, C-L, Stanford, JL, Schleutker, J, Cropp, CD, Carpten, J, Hoegel, J, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Ackerman, MJ, Klein, CJ, Mandal, D, Cooney, KA, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Helfand, B, Catalona, WJ, Wiklund, F, Riska, S, Bahetti, S, Larson, MC, Albright, LC, Teerlink, C, Xu, J, Isaacs, W, Ostrander, EA, and Thibodeau, SN
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Family history of prostate cancer (PCa) is a well-known risk factor, and both common and rare genetic variants are associated with the disease. OBJECTIVE: To detect new genetic variants associated with PCa, capitalizing on the role of family history and more aggressive PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A two-stage design was used. In stage one, whole-exome sequencing was used to identify potential risk alleles among affected men with a strong family history of disease or with more aggressive disease (491 cases and 429 controls). Aggressive disease was based on a sum of scores for Gleason score, node status, metastasis, tumor stage, prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, systemic recurrence, and time to PCa death. Genes identified in stage one were screened in stage two using a custom-capture design in an independent set of 2917 cases and 1899 controls. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Frequencies of genetic variants (singly or jointly in a gene) were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Eleven genes previously reported to be associated with PCa were detected (ATM, BRCA2, HOXB13, FAM111A, EMSY, HNF1B, KLK3, MSMB, PCAT1, PRSS3, and TERT), as well as an additional 10 novel genes (PABPC1, QK1, FAM114A1, MUC6, MYCBP2, RAPGEF4, RNASEH2B, ULK4, XPO7, and THAP3). Of these 10 novel genes, all but PABPC1 and ULK4 were primarily associated with the risk of aggressive PCa. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach demonstrates the advantage of gene sequencing in the search for genetic variants associated with PCa and the benefits of sampling patients with a strong family history of disease or an aggressive form of disease. PATIENT SUMMARY: Multiple genes are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) among men with a strong family history of this disease or among men with an aggressive form of PCa.
Published: 2021

11. Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction

Author: Conti, D, Darst, BF, Moss, LC, Saunders, EJ, Sheng, X, Chou, A, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Sahimi, A, Hoffmann, TJ, Takahashi, A, Matsuda, K, Momozawa, Y, Fujita, M, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Wan, P, Le Marchand, L, Wilkens, LR, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Lubinski, J, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Roder, MA, Iversen, P, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordstrom, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, SJ, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-E, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Geybels, MS, Koutros, S, Freeman, LEB, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Hakansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sorensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gomez-Caamano, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandao, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Fontham, ETH, Mohler, J, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castano-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Strom, SS, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Weaver, B, Brenner, H, Cuk, K, Holleczek, B, Saum, K-U, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, C, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, JC, Petrovics, G, Casey, G, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Mancuso, N, Berndt, S, Van den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Chanock, SJ, Cook, MB, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Haiman, CA, Conti, D, Darst, BF, Moss, LC, Saunders, EJ, Sheng, X, Chou, A, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Sahimi, A, Hoffmann, TJ, Takahashi, A, Matsuda, K, Momozawa, Y, Fujita, M, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Wan, P, Le Marchand, L, Wilkens, LR, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Lubinski, J, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Roder, MA, Iversen, P, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordstrom, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, SJ, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-E, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Geybels, MS, Koutros, S, Freeman, LEB, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Hakansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sorensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gomez-Caamano, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandao, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Fontham, ETH, Mohler, J, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castano-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Strom, SS, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Weaver, B, Brenner, H, Cuk, K, Holleczek, B, Saum, K-U, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, C, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, JC, Petrovics, G, Casey, G, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Mancuso, N, Berndt, S, Van den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Chanock, SJ, Cook, MB, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, and Haiman, CA
Abstract: Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction.
Published: 2021

12. Polygenic hazard score is associated with prostate cancer in multi-ethnic populations

Author: Huynh-Le, M-P, Fan, CC, Karunamuni, R, Thompson, WK, Martinez, ME, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Gronberg, H, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nielsen, SF, Nordestgaard, BG, Wiklund, F, Tangen, CM, Giles, GG, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Travis, RC, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Sanderson, M, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Kibel, AS, Cussenot, O, Berndt, SI, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Thibodeau, SN, Rosenstein, BS, Lu, Y-J, Watya, S, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Huff, C, Teixeira, MR, Multigner, L, Leach, RJ, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Pandha, H, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Fowke, JH, Gamulin, M, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Gago-Dominguez, M, Townsend, PA, Bush, WS, Roobol, MJ, Parent, M-E, Hu, JJ, Mills, IG, Andreassen, OA, Dale, AM, Seibert, TM, Huynh-Le, M-P, Fan, CC, Karunamuni, R, Thompson, WK, Martinez, ME, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Gronberg, H, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nielsen, SF, Nordestgaard, BG, Wiklund, F, Tangen, CM, Giles, GG, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Travis, RC, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Sanderson, M, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Kibel, AS, Cussenot, O, Berndt, SI, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Thibodeau, SN, Rosenstein, BS, Lu, Y-J, Watya, S, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Huff, C, Teixeira, MR, Multigner, L, Leach, RJ, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Pandha, H, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Fowke, JH, Gamulin, M, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Gago-Dominguez, M, Townsend, PA, Bush, WS, Roobol, MJ, Parent, M-E, Hu, JJ, Mills, IG, Andreassen, OA, Dale, AM, and Seibert, TM
Abstract: Genetic models for cancer have been evaluated using almost exclusively European data, which could exacerbate health disparities. A polygenic hazard score (PHS1) is associated with age at prostate cancer diagnosis and improves screening accuracy in Europeans. Here, we evaluate performance of PHS2 (PHS1, adapted for OncoArray) in a multi-ethnic dataset of 80,491 men (49,916 cases, 30,575 controls). PHS2 is associated with age at diagnosis of any and aggressive (Gleason score ≥ 7, stage T3-T4, PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL, or nodal/distant metastasis) cancer and prostate-cancer-specific death. Associations with cancer are significant within European (n = 71,856), Asian (n = 2,382), and African (n = 6,253) genetic ancestries (p < 10-180). Comparing the 80th/20th PHS2 percentiles, hazard ratios for prostate cancer, aggressive cancer, and prostate-cancer-specific death are 5.32, 5.88, and 5.68, respectively. Within European, Asian, and African ancestries, hazard ratios for prostate cancer are: 5.54, 4.49, and 2.54, respectively. PHS2 risk-stratifies men for any, aggressive, and fatal prostate cancer in a multi-ethnic dataset.
Published: 2021

13. KLK3 SNP-SNP interactions for prediction of prostate cancer aggressiveness

Author: Lin, H-Y, Huang, P-Y, Cheng, C-H, Tung, H-Y, Fang, Z, Berglund, AE, Chen, A, French-Kwawu, J, Harris, D, Pow-Sang, J, Yamoah, K, Cleveland, JL, Awasthi, S, Rounbehler, RJ, Gerke, T, Dhillon, J, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Neal, DE, Nielsen, SF, Nordestgaard, BG, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Giles, GG, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Stanford, JL, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Khaw, K-T, Maier, C, Thibodeau, SN, Teixeira, MR, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Kaneva, R, Pandha, H, Srinivasan, S, Clements, J, Batra, J, Park, JY, Lin, H-Y, Huang, P-Y, Cheng, C-H, Tung, H-Y, Fang, Z, Berglund, AE, Chen, A, French-Kwawu, J, Harris, D, Pow-Sang, J, Yamoah, K, Cleveland, JL, Awasthi, S, Rounbehler, RJ, Gerke, T, Dhillon, J, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Schleutker, J, Pashayan, N, Neal, DE, Nielsen, SF, Nordestgaard, BG, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Giles, GG, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Stanford, JL, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Khaw, K-T, Maier, C, Thibodeau, SN, Teixeira, MR, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Kaneva, R, Pandha, H, Srinivasan, S, Clements, J, Batra, J, and Park, JY
Abstract: Risk classification for prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness and underlying mechanisms remain inadequate. Interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may provide a solution to fill these gaps. To identify SNP-SNP interactions in the four pathways (the angiogenesis-, mitochondria-, miRNA-, and androgen metabolism-related pathways) associated with PCa aggressiveness, we tested 8587 SNPs for 20,729 cases from the PCa consortium. We identified 3 KLK3 SNPs, and 1083 (P < 3.5 × 10-9) and 3145 (P < 1 × 10-5) SNP-SNP interaction pairs significantly associated with PCa aggressiveness. These SNP pairs associated with PCa aggressiveness were more significant than each of their constituent SNP individual effects. The majority (98.6%) of the 3145 pairs involved KLK3. The 3 most common gene-gene interactions were KLK3-COL4A1:COL4A2, KLK3-CDH13, and KLK3-TGFBR3. Predictions from the SNP interaction-based polygenic risk score based on 24 SNP pairs are promising. The prevalence of PCa aggressiveness was 49.8%, 21.9%, and 7.0% for the PCa cases from our cohort with the top 1%, middle 50%, and bottom 1% risk profiles. Potential biological functions of the identified KLK3 SNP-SNP interactions were supported by gene expression and protein-protein interaction results. Our findings suggest KLK3 SNP interactions may play an important role in PCa aggressiveness.
Published: 2021

14. Rare Germline Variants in ATM Predispose to Prostate Cancer: A PRACTICAL Consortium Study

Author: Karlsson, Q, Brook, MN, Dadaev, T, Wakerell, S, Saunders, EJ, Muir, K, Neal, DE, Giles, GG, MacInnis, RJ, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Cannon-Albright, L, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Cardoso, M, Huff, C, Li, D, Yao, Y, Scheet, P, Permuth, JB, Stanford, JL, Dai, JY, Ostrander, EA, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Hoegel, J, Herkommer, K, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Rathinakannan, V, Sipeky, C, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Isaacs, WB, Dickinson, JL, FitzGerald, LM, Chua, MLK, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Consortium, P, Schaid, DJ, Southey, MC, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Karlsson, Q, Brook, MN, Dadaev, T, Wakerell, S, Saunders, EJ, Muir, K, Neal, DE, Giles, GG, MacInnis, RJ, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Cannon-Albright, L, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Cardoso, M, Huff, C, Li, D, Yao, Y, Scheet, P, Permuth, JB, Stanford, JL, Dai, JY, Ostrander, EA, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Hoegel, J, Herkommer, K, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Rathinakannan, V, Sipeky, C, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Isaacs, WB, Dickinson, JL, FitzGerald, LM, Chua, MLK, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Consortium, P, Schaid, DJ, Southey, MC, Eeles, RA, and Kote-Jarai, Z
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Germline ATM mutations are suggested to contribute to predisposition to prostate cancer (PrCa). Previous studies have had inadequate power to estimate variant effect sizes. OBJECTIVE: To precisely estimate the contribution of germline ATM mutations to PrCa risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We analysed next-generation sequencing data from 13 PRACTICAL study groups comprising 5560 cases and 3353 controls of European ancestry. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Variant Call Format files were harmonised, annotated for rare ATM variants, and classified as tier 1 (likely pathogenic) or tier 2 (potentially deleterious). Associations with overall PrCa risk and clinical subtypes were estimated. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: PrCa risk was higher in carriers of a tier 1 germline ATM variant, with an overall odds ratio (OR) of 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-9.5). There was also evidence that PrCa cases with younger age at diagnosis (<65 yr) had elevated tier 1 variant frequencies (pdifference = 0.04). Tier 2 variants were also associated with PrCa risk, with an OR of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Carriers of pathogenic ATM variants have an elevated risk of developing PrCa and are at an increased risk for earlier-onset disease presentation. These results provide information for counselling of men and their families. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this study, we estimated that men who inherit a likely pathogenic mutation in the ATM gene had an approximately a fourfold risk of developing prostate cancer. In addition, they are likely to develop the disease earlier.
Published: 2021

15. Publisher Correction: Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction

Author: Conti, DV, Darst, BF, Moss, LC, Saunders, EJ, Sheng, X, Chou, A, Schumacher, FR, Olama, AAA, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Sahimi, A, Hoffmann, TJ, Takahashi, A, Matsuda, K, Momozawa, Y, Fujita, M, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Wan, P, Le Marchand, L, Wilkens, LR, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokołorczyk, D, Lubiński, J, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Røder, MA, Iversen, P, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordström, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, SJ, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-É, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Geybels, MS, Koutros, S, Freeman, LEB, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sørensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandão, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Fontham, ETH, Mohler, J, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Strom, SS, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Weaver, B, Brenner, H, Cuk, K, Holleczek, B, Saum, K-U, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, C, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, JC, Petrovics, G, Casey, G, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Mancuso, N, Berndt, SI, Van Den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Chanock, SJ, Cook, MB, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Haiman, CA, Conti, DV, Darst, BF, Moss, LC, Saunders, EJ, Sheng, X, Chou, A, Schumacher, FR, Olama, AAA, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Sahimi, A, Hoffmann, TJ, Takahashi, A, Matsuda, K, Momozawa, Y, Fujita, M, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Wan, P, Le Marchand, L, Wilkens, LR, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokołorczyk, D, Lubiński, J, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Røder, MA, Iversen, P, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordström, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, SJ, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-É, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Geybels, MS, Koutros, S, Freeman, LEB, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sørensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandão, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Fontham, ETH, Mohler, J, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Strom, SS, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Weaver, B, Brenner, H, Cuk, K, Holleczek, B, Saum, K-U, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, C, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, JC, Petrovics, G, Casey, G, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Mancuso, N, Berndt, SI, Van Den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Chanock, SJ, Cook, MB, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, and Haiman, CA
Abstract: In the version of this article originally published, the names of the equally contributing authors and jointly supervising authors were switched. The correct affiliations are: “These authors contributed equally: David V. Conti, Burcu F. Darst. These authors jointly supervised this work: David V. Conti, Rosalind A. Eeles, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Christopher A. Haiman.” The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Published: 2021

16. Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction.

Author: Conti, DV, Darst, BF, Moss, LC, Saunders, EJ, Sheng, X, Chou, A, Schumacher, FR, Olama, AAA, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Sahimi, A, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Hoffmann, TJ, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Takahashi, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandão, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Matsuda, K, Fontham, ETH, Mohler, J, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Strom, SS, Momozawa, Y, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Weaver, B, Brenner, H, Cuk, K, Fujita, M, Holleczek, B, Saum, K-U, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Muir, K, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Lophatananon, A, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, C, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Wan, P, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Le Marchand, L, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, JC, Petrovics, G, Wilkens, LR, Casey, G, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Mancuso, N, Stevens, VL, Berndt, SI, Van Den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Chanock, SJ, Cook, MB, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Gapstur, SM, Haiman, CA, Carter, BD, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokołorczyk, D, Lubiński, J, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Røder, MA, Iversen, P, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordström, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, SJ, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-É, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Geybels, MS, Koutros, S, Freeman, LEB, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sørensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, Lu, Y-J, Conti, DV, Darst, BF, Moss, LC, Saunders, EJ, Sheng, X, Chou, A, Schumacher, FR, Olama, AAA, Benlloch, S, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Wu, Y, Zhao, S-C, Sun, Z, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, West, CML, Sahimi, A, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Maier, C, Schnoeller, T, Luedeke, M, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Menegaux, F, Hoffmann, TJ, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, John, EM, Grindedal, EM, Maehle, L, Khaw, K-T, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Takahashi, A, Fachal, L, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Brandão, A, Watya, S, Lubwama, A, Bensen, JT, Matsuda, K, Fontham, ETH, Mohler, J, Taylor, JA, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, CC, Huff, CD, Strom, SS, Momozawa, Y, Multigner, L, Blanchet, P, Brureau, L, Kaneva, R, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Leach, RJ, Weaver, B, Brenner, H, Cuk, K, Fujita, M, Holleczek, B, Saum, K-U, Klein, EA, Hsing, AW, Kittles, RA, Murphy, AB, Logothetis, CJ, Kim, J, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Muir, K, Ding, YC, Isaacs, WB, Nemesure, B, Hennis, AJM, Carpten, J, Pandha, H, Michael, A, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Lophatananon, A, Xu, J, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Newcomb, LF, Lin, DW, Fowke, JH, Neslund-Dudas, C, Rybicki, BA, Gamulin, M, Wan, P, Lessel, D, Kulis, T, Usmani, N, Singhal, S, Parliament, M, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van den Broeck, T, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Le Marchand, L, Martinez, ME, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Bush, WS, Aldrich, MC, Crawford, DC, Srivastava, S, Cullen, JC, Petrovics, G, Wilkens, LR, Casey, G, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, van Schaik, RHN, Hu, JJ, Sanderson, M, Varma, R, McKean-Cowdin, R, Torres, M, Mancuso, N, Stevens, VL, Berndt, SI, Van Den Eeden, SK, Easton, DF, Chanock, SJ, Cook, MB, Wiklund, F, Nakagawa, H, Witte, JS, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Gapstur, SM, Haiman, CA, Carter, BD, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Cybulski, C, Wokołorczyk, D, Lubiński, J, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bojesen, SE, Røder, MA, Iversen, P, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Horvath, L, Clements, JA, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Nordström, T, Pashayan, N, Dunning, AM, Ghoussaini, M, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Riboli, E, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Albanes, D, Weinstein, SJ, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Lindstrom, S, Kraft, P, Hunter, DJ, Penney, KL, Turman, C, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Parent, M-É, Stanford, JL, Ostrander, EA, Geybels, MS, Koutros, S, Freeman, LEB, Stampfer, M, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, Andriole, GL, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Sørensen, KD, Borre, M, Blot, WJ, Zheng, W, Yeboah, ED, Mensah, JE, and Lu, Y-J
Abstract: Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction.
Published: 2021

17. The CHEK2 Variant C.349A>G Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Risk and Carriers Share a Common Ancestor

Author: Brandao, A, Paulo, P, Maia, S, Pinheiro, M, Peixoto, A, Cardoso, M, Silva, MP, Santos, C, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Schleutker, J, Wang, Y, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Gronberg, H, Neal, DE, Nordestgaard, BG, Tangen, CM, Southey, MC, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Nielsen, SF, Kibel, AS, Cussenot, O, Berndt, SI, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, BS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Wiklund, F, Penney, KL, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Gago-Dominguez, M, Townsend, PA, Roobol, MJ, Teixeira, MR, Brandao, A, Paulo, P, Maia, S, Pinheiro, M, Peixoto, A, Cardoso, M, Silva, MP, Santos, C, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Schleutker, J, Wang, Y, Pashayan, N, Batra, J, Gronberg, H, Neal, DE, Nordestgaard, BG, Tangen, CM, Southey, MC, Wolk, A, Albanes, D, Haiman, CA, Travis, RC, Stanford, JL, Mucci, LA, West, CML, Nielsen, SF, Kibel, AS, Cussenot, O, Berndt, SI, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Cybulski, C, Grindedal, EM, Park, JY, Ingles, SA, Maier, C, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, BS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Wiklund, F, Penney, KL, Brenner, H, John, EM, Kaneva, R, Logothetis, CJ, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Gago-Dominguez, M, Townsend, PA, Roobol, MJ, and Teixeira, MR
Abstract: The identification of recurrent founder variants in cancer predisposing genes may have important implications for implementing cost-effective targeted genetic screening strategies. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and relative risk of the CHEK2 recurrent variant c.349A>G in a series of 462 Portuguese patients with early-onset and/or familial/hereditary prostate cancer (PrCa), as well as in the large multicentre PRACTICAL case-control study comprising 55,162 prostate cancer cases and 36,147 controls. Additionally, we investigated the potential shared ancestry of the carriers by performing identity-by-descent, haplotype and age estimation analyses using high-density SNP data from 70 variant carriers belonging to 11 different populations included in the PRACTICAL consortium. The CHEK2 missense variant c.349A>G was found significantly associated with an increased risk for PrCa (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2). A shared haplotype flanking the variant in all carriers was identified, strongly suggesting a common founder of European origin. Additionally, using two independent statistical algorithms, implemented by DMLE+2.3 and ESTIAGE, we were able to estimate the age of the variant between 2300 and 3125 years. By extending the haplotype analysis to 14 additional carrier families, a shared core haplotype was revealed among all carriers matching the conserved region previously identified in the high-density SNP analysis. These findings are consistent with CHEK2 c.349A>G being a founder variant associated with increased PrCa risk, suggesting its potential usefulness for cost-effective targeted genetic screening in PrCa families.
Published: 2020

18. An integrative multi-omics analysis to identify candidate DNA methylation biomarkers related to prostate cancer risk

Author: Wu, L, Yang, Y, Guo, X, Shu, X-O, Cai, Q, Shu, X, Li, B, Tao, R, Wu, C, Nikas, JB, Sun, Y, Zhu, J, Roobol, MJ, Giles, GG, Brenner, H, John, EM, Clements, J, Grindedal, EM, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Kote-Jarai, Z, Haiman, CA, Eeles, RA, Zheng, W, Wu, L, Yang, Y, Guo, X, Shu, X-O, Cai, Q, Shu, X, Li, B, Tao, R, Wu, C, Nikas, JB, Sun, Y, Zhu, J, Roobol, MJ, Giles, GG, Brenner, H, John, EM, Clements, J, Grindedal, EM, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Kote-Jarai, Z, Haiman, CA, Eeles, RA, and Zheng, W
Abstract: It remains elusive whether some of the associations identified in genome-wide association studies of prostate cancer (PrCa) may be due to regulatory effects of genetic variants on CpG sites, which may further influence expression of PrCa target genes. To search for CpG sites associated with PrCa risk, here we establish genetic models to predict methylation (N = 1,595) and conduct association analyses with PrCa risk (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls). We identify 759 CpG sites showing an association, including 15 located at novel loci. Among those 759 CpG sites, methylation of 42 is associated with expression of 28 adjacent genes. Among 22 genes, 18 show an association with PrCa risk. Overall, 25 CpG sites show consistent association directions for the methylation-gene expression-PrCa pathway. We identify DNA methylation biomarkers associated with PrCa, and our findings suggest that specific CpG sites may influence PrCa via regulating expression of candidate PrCa target genes.
Published: 2020

19. Erratum to: Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry (Nature Communications, (2018), 9, 1, (4616), 10.1038/s41467-018-06863-1)

Author: Matejcic, M, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Wang, K, Sheng, X, Olama, AAA, Schumacher, FR, Ingles, SA, Govindasami, K, Benlloch, S, Berndt, SI, Albanes, D, Koutros, S, Muir, K, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Kraft, P, Cancel-Tassin, G, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Strom, SS, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, B, Lu, YJ, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Bensen, JT, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, KT, Cannon-Albright, LA, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Schaid, DJ, Henderson, BE, Stern, MC, Thwaites, A, Guy, M, Whitmore, I, Morgan, A, Fisher, C, Hazel, S, Livni, N, Cook, M, Fachal, L, Weinstein, S, Beane Freeman, LE, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Lophatananon, A, Carter, BD, Goodman, P, Moya, L, Srinivasan, S, Kedda, MA, Yeadon, T, Eckert, A, Eklund, M, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Dunning, AM, Sipeky, C, Hakansson, N, Elliott, R, and Ranu, H
Abstract: © 2019, The Author(s). The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela G. Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Published: 2019

20. Chapter-24 Newer Tuberculins: Profile in Developing Countries

Author: Stanford, JL, primary
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Chapter-20 Newer Tuberculins: Profile in Developing Countries

Author: Stanford, JL, primary
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Correction to: Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci (Nature Genetics, (2018), 50, 7, (928-936), 10.1038/s41588-018-0142-8)

Author: Schumacher, FR, Olama, AAA, Berndt, SI, Benlloch, S, Ahmed, M, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Leongamornlert, D, Anokian, E, Cieza-Borrella, C, Goh, C, Brook, MN, Sheng, X, Fachal, L, Dennis, J, Tyrer, J, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Clements, J, Horvath, L, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Nordström, T, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, West, CML, Dunning, AM, Burnet, N, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Andriole, GL, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Beane Freeman, LE, Sorensen, KD, Orntoft, TF, Borre, M, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Lu, YJ, Zhang, HW, Feng, N, Mao, X, Guo, X, Wang, G, Sun, Z, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, FitzGerald, LM, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Penney, KL, Stampfer, M, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, HY, Stanford, JL, and Cybulski, C
Subjects: Developmental Biology
Abstract: © 2018, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. In the version of this article initially published, the name of author Manuela Gago-Dominguez was misspelled as Manuela Gago Dominguez. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.
Published: 2019

23. Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry (vol 9, 4616, 2018)

Author: Matejcic, M, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Wang, K, Sheng, X, Al Olama, AA, Schumacher, FR, Ingles, SA, Govindasami, K, Benlloch, S, Berndt, SI, Albanes, D, Koutros, S, Muir, K, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Kraft, P, Cancel-Tassin, G, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Strom, SS, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Bensen, JT, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, LA, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Schaid, DJ, Wiklund, F, Chanock, SJ, Easton, DF, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Conti, DV, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Stern, MC, Thwaites, A, Guy, M, Whitmore, I, Morgan, A, Fisher, C, Hazel, S, Livni, N, Cook, M, Fachal, L, Weinstein, S, Freeman, LEB, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Lophatananon, A, Carter, BD, Goodman, P, Moya, L, Srinivasan, S, Kedda, M-A, Yeadon, T, Eckert, A, Eklund, M, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Dunning, AM, Sipeky, C, Hakansson, N, Elliott, R, Ranu, H, Giovannucci, E, Turman, C, Hunter, DJ, Cussenot, O, Orntoft, TF, Lane, A, Lewis, SJ, Davis, M, Key, TJ, Brown, P, Kulkarni, GS, Zlotta, AR, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Mao, X, Marzec, J, MacInnis, RJ, Milne, R, Hopper, JL, Aguado, M, Bustamante, M, Castano-Vinyals, G, Gracia-Lavedan, E, Cecchini, L, Stampfer, M, Ma, J, Sellers, TA, Geybels, MS, Park, H, Zachariah, B, Kolb, S, Wokolorczyk, D, Lubinski, J, Kluzniak, W, Nielsen, SF, Weisher, M, Cuk, K, Vogel, W, Luedeke, M, Logothetis, CJ, Paulo, P, Cardoso, M, Maia, S, Silva, MP, Steele, L, Ding, YC, De Meerleer, G, De Langhe, S, Thierens, H, Lim, J, Tan, MH, Ong, AT, Lin, DW, Kachakova, D, Mitkova, A, Mitev, V, Parliament, M, Jenster, G, Bangma, C, Schroder, FH, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, Michael, A, Kierzek, A, Karlsson, A, Broms, M, Wu, H, Aukim-Hastie, C, Tillmans, L, Riska, S, McDonnell, SK, Dearnaley, D, Spurdle, A, Gardiner, R, Hayes, V, Butler, L, Taylor, R, Papargiris, M, Saunders, P, Kujala, P, Talala, K, Taari, K, Bentzen, S, Hicks, B, Vogt, A, Hutchinson, A, Cox, A, George, A, Toi, A, Evans, A, Van der Kwast, TH, Imai, T, Saito, S, Zhao, S-C, Ren, G, Zhang, Y, Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Wu, J, Zhou, B, Pedersen, J, Lobato-Busto, R, Manuel Ruiz-Dominguez, J, Mengual, L, Alcaraz, A, Pow-Sang, J, Herkommer, K, Vlahova, A, Dikov, T, Christova, S, Carracedo, A, Tretarre, B, Rebillard, X, Mulot, C, Adolfsson, J, Stattin, P, Johansson, J-E, Martin, RM, Thompson, IM, Chambers, S, Aitken, J, Horvath, L, Haynes, A-M, Tilley, W, Risbridger, G, Aly, M, Nordstrom, T, Pharoah, P, Tammela, TLJ, Murtola, T, Auvinen, A, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Andriole, G, Klim, A, Drake, BF, Borre, M, Kerns, S, Ostrer, H, Zhang, H-W, Cao, G, Lin, J, Ling, J, Li, M, Feng, N, Li, J, He, W, Guo, X, Sun, Z, Wang, G, Guo, J, Southey, MC, FitzGerald, LM, Marsden, G, Gomez-Caamano, A, Carballo, A, Peleteiro, P, Calvo, P, Szulkin, R, Llorca, J, Dierssen-Sotos, T, Gomez-Acebo, I, Lin, H-Y, Ostrander, EA, Bisbjerg, R, Klarskov, P, Roder, MA, Iversen, P, Holleczek, B, Stegmaier, C, Schnoeller, T, Bohnert, P, John, EM, Ost, P, Teo, S-H, Gamulin, M, Kulis, T, Kastelan, Z, Slavov, C, Popov, E, Van den Broeck, T, Joniau, S, Larkin, S, Esteban Castelao, J, Martinez, ME, Van Schaik, RHN, Xu, J, Lindstrom, S, Riboli, E, Berry, C, Siddiq, A, Canzian, F, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Freedman, M, Cenee, S, Sanchez, M, and Commission of the European Communities
Subjects: Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science & Technology, MD Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology - Other Topics, PRACTICAL Consortium
Abstract: Correction to: Nature Communications; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06863-1, published online 5 November 2018.
Published: 2019

24. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for B-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Author: Vijayakrishnan, J, Studd, J, Broderick, P, Kinnersley, B, Holroyd, A, Law, PJ, Kumar, R, Allan, JM, Harrison, CJ, Moorman, AV, Vora, A, Roman, E, Rachakonda, S, Kinsey, SE, Sheridan, E, Thompson, PD, Irving, JA, Koehler, R, Hoffmann, P, Nöthen, MM, Heilmann-Heimbach, S, Jöckel, KH, Easton, DF, Pharaoh, PDP, Dunning, AM, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Swerdlow, A, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Greaves, M, Zimmerman, M, Bartram, CR, Schrappe, M, Stanulla, M, Hemminki, K, Houlston, RS, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Olama, AAA, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Neal, DE, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, YJ, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, The PRACTICAL Consortium, and Claessens, Frank
Subjects: Male, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Glycosyltransferases, Prognosis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, HLA Antigens, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Child, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: © 2018 The Author(s). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have advanced our understanding of susceptibility to B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL); however, much of the heritable risk remains unidentified. Here, we perform a GWAS and conduct a meta-analysis with two existing GWAS, totaling 2442 cases and 14,609 controls. We identify risk loci for BCP-ALL at 8q24.21 (rs28665337, P = 3.86 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.34) and for ETV6-RUNX1 fusion-positive BCP-ALL at 2q22.3 (rs17481869, P = 3.20 × 10-8, OR = 2.14). Our findings provide further insights into genetic susceptibility to ALL and its biology. ispartof: Nature Communications vol:9 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: published
Published: 2018

25. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for B-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (vol 9, 1340, 2018)

Author: Vijayakrishnan, J, Studd, J, Broderick, P, Kinnersley, B, Holroyd, A, Law, PJ, Kumar, R, Allan, JM, Harrison, CJ, Moorman, AV, Vora, A, Roman, E, Rachakonda, S, Kinsey, SE, Sheridan, E, Thompson, PD, Irving, JA, Koehler, R, Hoffmann, P, Noethen, MM, Heilmann-Heimbach, S, Joeckel, K-H, Easton, DF, Pharaoh, PDP, Dunning, AM, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Swerdlow, A, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Neal, DE, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Greaves, M, Zimmerman, M, Bartram, CR, Schrappe, M, Stanulla, M, Hemminki, K, Houlston, RS, Vijayakrishnan, J, Studd, J, Broderick, P, Kinnersley, B, Holroyd, A, Law, PJ, Kumar, R, Allan, JM, Harrison, CJ, Moorman, AV, Vora, A, Roman, E, Rachakonda, S, Kinsey, SE, Sheridan, E, Thompson, PD, Irving, JA, Koehler, R, Hoffmann, P, Noethen, MM, Heilmann-Heimbach, S, Joeckel, K-H, Easton, DF, Pharaoh, PDP, Dunning, AM, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Swerdlow, A, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Neal, DE, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Greaves, M, Zimmerman, M, Bartram, CR, Schrappe, M, Stanulla, M, Hemminki, K, and Houlston, RS
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of a member of the PRACTICAL Consortium, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela Gago Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. Furthermore, in the original HTML version of this Article, the order of authors within the author list was incorrect. The PRACTICAL consortium was incorrectly listed after Richard S. Houlston and should have been listed after Nora Pashayan. This error has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
Published: 2019

26. Identification of multiple risk loci and regulatory mechanisms influencing susceptibility to multiple myeloma (vol 9, 3707, 2018)

Author: Went, M, Sud, A, Foersti, A, Halvarsson, B-M, Weinhold, N, Kimber, S, van Duin, M, Thorleifsson, G, Holroyd, A, Johnson, DC, Li, N, Orlando, G, Law, PJ, Ali, M, Chen, B, Mitchell, JS, Gudbjartsson, DF, Kuiper, R, Stephens, OW, Bertsch, U, Broderick, P, Campo, C, Bandapalli, OR, Einsele, H, Gregory, WA, Gullberg, U, Hillengass, J, Hoffmann, P, Jackson, GH, Joeckel, K-H, Johnsson, E, Kristinsson, SY, Mellqvist, U-H, Nahi, H, Easton, D, Pharoah, P, Dunning, A, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Swerdlow, A, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Grindedal, EM, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, L, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Nickel, J, Noethen, MM, Rafnar, T, Ross, FM, Filho, MIDS, Thomsen, H, Turesson, I, Vangsted, A, Andersen, NF, Waage, A, Walker, BA, Wihlborg, A-K, Broyl, A, Davies, FE, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Langer, C, Hansson, M, Goldschmidt, H, Kaiser, M, Sonneveld, P, Stefansson, K, Morgan, GJ, Hemminki, K, Nilsson, B, Houlston, RS, Went, M, Sud, A, Foersti, A, Halvarsson, B-M, Weinhold, N, Kimber, S, van Duin, M, Thorleifsson, G, Holroyd, A, Johnson, DC, Li, N, Orlando, G, Law, PJ, Ali, M, Chen, B, Mitchell, JS, Gudbjartsson, DF, Kuiper, R, Stephens, OW, Bertsch, U, Broderick, P, Campo, C, Bandapalli, OR, Einsele, H, Gregory, WA, Gullberg, U, Hillengass, J, Hoffmann, P, Jackson, GH, Joeckel, K-H, Johnsson, E, Kristinsson, SY, Mellqvist, U-H, Nahi, H, Easton, D, Pharoah, P, Dunning, A, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Swerdlow, A, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Grindedal, EM, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, L, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Nickel, J, Noethen, MM, Rafnar, T, Ross, FM, Filho, MIDS, Thomsen, H, Turesson, I, Vangsted, A, Andersen, NF, Waage, A, Walker, BA, Wihlborg, A-K, Broyl, A, Davies, FE, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Langer, C, Hansson, M, Goldschmidt, H, Kaiser, M, Sonneveld, P, Stefansson, K, Morgan, GJ, Hemminki, K, Nilsson, B, and Houlston, RS
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of a member of the PRACTICAL Consortium, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela Gago Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. Furthermore, in the original HTML version of this Article, the order of authors within the author list was incorrect. The PRACTICAL consortium was incorrectly listed after Richard S. Houlston and should have been listed after Nora Pashayan. This error has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
Published: 2019

27. Large-scale transcriptome-wide association study identifies new prostate cancer risk regions (vol 9, 4079, 2018)

Author: Mancuso, N, Gayther, S, Gusev, A, Zheng, W, Penney, KL, Kote-Jarai, Z, Eeles, R, Freedman, M, Haiman, C, Pasaniuc, B, Henderson, BE, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Muir, K, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, L, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Hunter, DJ, Kraft, P, Mancuso, N, Gayther, S, Gusev, A, Zheng, W, Penney, KL, Kote-Jarai, Z, Eeles, R, Freedman, M, Haiman, C, Pasaniuc, B, Henderson, BE, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Muir, K, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, L, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Hunter, DJ, and Kraft, P
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of a member of the PRACTICAL Consortium, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela Gago Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. Furthermore, In the original HTML version of this Article, the order of authors within the author list was incorrect. The consortium PRACTICAL consortium was incorrectly listed after Bogdan Pasaniuc and should have been listed after Kathryn L. Penney. This error has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
Published: 2019

28. Genome-wide association study of classical Hodgkin lymphoma identifies key regulators of disease susceptibility (vol 8, 1892, 2017)

Author: Sud, A, Thomsen, H, Law, PJ, Foersti, A, Filho, MIDS, Holroyd, A, Broderick, P, Orlando, G, Lenive, O, Wright, L, Cooke, R, Easton, D, Pharoah, P, Dunning, A, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Hoffmann, P, Noethen, MM, Joeckel, K-H, von Strandmann, EP, Lightfoot, T, Kane, E, Roman, E, Lake, A, Montgomery, D, Jarrett, RF, Swerdlow, AJ, Engert, A, Orr, N, Hemminki, K, Houlston, RS, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Neal, DE, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Sud, A, Thomsen, H, Law, PJ, Foersti, A, Filho, MIDS, Holroyd, A, Broderick, P, Orlando, G, Lenive, O, Wright, L, Cooke, R, Easton, D, Pharoah, P, Dunning, A, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Hoffmann, P, Noethen, MM, Joeckel, K-H, von Strandmann, EP, Lightfoot, T, Kane, E, Roman, E, Lake, A, Montgomery, D, Jarrett, RF, Swerdlow, AJ, Engert, A, Orr, N, Hemminki, K, Houlston, RS, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Benlloch, S, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Conti, DV, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Neal, DE, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, and Menegaux, F
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of a member of the PRACTICAL Consortium, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela Gago Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Published: 2019

29. Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers

Author: Jiang, X, Finucane, HK, Schumacher, FR, Schmit, SL, Tyrer, JP, Han, Y, Michailidou, K, Lesseur, C, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Dennis, J, Conti, DV, Casey, G, Gaudet, MM, Huyghe, JR, Albanes, D, Aldrich, MC, Andrew, AS, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Antonenkova, NN, Arnold, SM, Aronson, KJ, Arun, BK, Bandera, EV, Barkardottir, RB, Barnes, DR, Batra, J, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Benlloch, S, Berchuck, A, Berndt, SI, Bickeboeller, H, Bien, SA, Blomqvist, C, Boccia, S, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brenton, JD, Brook, MN, Brunet, J, Brunnstrom, H, Buchanan, DD, Burwinkel, B, Butzow, R, Cadoni, G, Caldes, T, Caligo, MA, Campbell, I, Campbell, PT, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Campa, D, Caporaso, N, Carvalho, AL, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Chanock, SJ, Chen, C, Christiani, DC, Claes, KBM, Claessens, F, Clements, J, Collee, JM, Correa, MC, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Czene, K, Daly, MB, defazio, A, Devilee, P, Diez, O, Gago-Dominguez, M, Donovan, JL, Doerk, T, Duell, EJ, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Edlund, CK, Edwards, DRV, Ellberg, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Ferris, RL, Liloglou, T, Figueiredo, JC, Fletcher, O, Fortner, RT, Fostira, F, Franceschi, S, Friedman, E, Gallinger, SJ, Ganz, PA, Garber, J, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gayther, SA, Giles, GG, Godwin, AK, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Goodman, G, Grankvist, K, Greene, MH, Gronberg, H, Gronwald, J, Guenel, P, Hakansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Hamdy, FC, Hamilton, RJ, Hampe, J, Haugen, A, Heitz, F, Herrero, R, Hillemanns, P, Hoffmeister, M, Hogdall, E, Hong, Y-C, Hopper, JL, Houlston, R, Hulick, PJ, Hunter, DJ, Huntsman, DG, Idos, G, Imyanitov, EN, Ingles, SA, Isaacs, C, Jakubowska, A, James, P, Jenkins, MA, Johansson, M, John, EM, Joshi, AD, Kaneva, R, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kuhl, T, Khaw, K-T, Khusnutdinova, E, Kibel, AS, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, J, Kjaer, SK, Knight, JA, Kogevinas, M, Kote-Jarai, Z, Koutros, S, Kristensen, VN, Kupryjanczyk, J, Lacko, M, Lam, S, Lambrechts, D, Landi, MT, Lazarus, P, Le, ND, Lee, E, Lejbkowicz, F, Lenz, H-J, Leslie, G, Lessel, D, Lester, J, Levine, DA, Li, L, Li, CI, Lindblom, A, Lindor, NM, Liu, G, Loupakis, F, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Maier, C, Mannermaa, A, Le Marchand, L, Margolin, S, May, T, McGuffog, L, Meindl, A, Middha, P, Miller, A, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Modugno, F, Montagna, M, Moreno, V, Moysich, KB, Mucci, L, Muir, K, Mulligan, AM, Nathanson, KL, Neal, DE, Ness, AR, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newcomb, PA, Newcomb, LF, Nielsen, FC, Nikitina-Zake, L, Nordestgaard, BG, Nussbaum, RL, Offit, K, Olah, E, Al Olama, AA, Olopade, OI, Olshan, AF, Olsson, H, Osorio, A, Pandha, H, Park, JY, Pashayan, N, Parsons, MT, Pejovic, T, Penney, KL, Peters, WHM, Phelan, CM, Phipps, AI, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Pring, M, Prokofyeva, D, Radice, P, Stefansson, K, Ramus, SJ, Raskin, L, Rennert, G, Rennert, HS, van Rensburg, EJ, Riggan, MJ, Risch, HA, Risch, A, Roobol, MJ, Rosenstein, BS, Rossing, MA, De Ruyck, K, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Sawyer, EJ, Schabath, MB, Schleutker, J, Schmidt, MK, Setiawan, VW, Shen, H, Siegel, EM, Sieh, W, Singer, CF, Slattery, ML, Sorensen, KD, Southey, MC, Spurdle, AB, Stanford, JL, Stevens, VL, Stintzing, S, Stone, J, Sundfeldt, K, Sutphen, R, Swerdlow, AJ, Tajara, EH, Tangen, CM, Tardon, A, Taylor, JA, Teare, MD, Teixeira, MR, Terry, MB, Terry, KL, Thibodeau, SN, Thomassen, M, Bjorge, L, Tischkowitz, M, Toland, AE, Torres, D, Townsend, PA, Travis, RC, Tung, N, Tworoger, SS, Ulrich, CM, Usmani, N, Vachon, CM, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Vega, A, Aguado-Barrera, ME, Wang, Q, Webb, PM, Weinberg, CR, Weinstein, S, Weissler, MC, Weitzel, JN, West, CML, White, E, Whittemore, AS, Wichmann, H-E, Wiklund, F, Winqvist, R, Wolk, A, Woll, P, Woods, M, Wu, AH, Wu, X, Yannoukakos, D, Zheng, W, Zienolddiny, S, Ziogas, A, Zorn, KK, Lane, JM, Saxena, R, Thomas, D, Hung, RJ, Diergaarde, B, Mckay, J, Peters, U, Hsu, L, Garcia-Closas, M, Eeles, RA, Chenevix-Trench, G, Brennan, PJ, Haiman, CA, Simard, J, Easton, DF, Gruber, SB, Pharoah, PDP, Price, AL, Pasaniuc, B, Amos, CI, Kraft, P, Lindstrom, S, Jiang, X, Finucane, HK, Schumacher, FR, Schmit, SL, Tyrer, JP, Han, Y, Michailidou, K, Lesseur, C, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Dennis, J, Conti, DV, Casey, G, Gaudet, MM, Huyghe, JR, Albanes, D, Aldrich, MC, Andrew, AS, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Antonenkova, NN, Arnold, SM, Aronson, KJ, Arun, BK, Bandera, EV, Barkardottir, RB, Barnes, DR, Batra, J, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Benlloch, S, Berchuck, A, Berndt, SI, Bickeboeller, H, Bien, SA, Blomqvist, C, Boccia, S, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brenton, JD, Brook, MN, Brunet, J, Brunnstrom, H, Buchanan, DD, Burwinkel, B, Butzow, R, Cadoni, G, Caldes, T, Caligo, MA, Campbell, I, Campbell, PT, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Campa, D, Caporaso, N, Carvalho, AL, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Chanock, SJ, Chen, C, Christiani, DC, Claes, KBM, Claessens, F, Clements, J, Collee, JM, Correa, MC, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Czene, K, Daly, MB, defazio, A, Devilee, P, Diez, O, Gago-Dominguez, M, Donovan, JL, Doerk, T, Duell, EJ, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Edlund, CK, Edwards, DRV, Ellberg, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Ferris, RL, Liloglou, T, Figueiredo, JC, Fletcher, O, Fortner, RT, Fostira, F, Franceschi, S, Friedman, E, Gallinger, SJ, Ganz, PA, Garber, J, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gayther, SA, Giles, GG, Godwin, AK, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Goodman, G, Grankvist, K, Greene, MH, Gronberg, H, Gronwald, J, Guenel, P, Hakansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Hamdy, FC, Hamilton, RJ, Hampe, J, Haugen, A, Heitz, F, Herrero, R, Hillemanns, P, Hoffmeister, M, Hogdall, E, Hong, Y-C, Hopper, JL, Houlston, R, Hulick, PJ, Hunter, DJ, Huntsman, DG, Idos, G, Imyanitov, EN, Ingles, SA, Isaacs, C, Jakubowska, A, James, P, Jenkins, MA, Johansson, M, John, EM, Joshi, AD, Kaneva, R, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kuhl, T, Khaw, K-T, Khusnutdinova, E, Kibel, AS, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, J, Kjaer, SK, Knight, JA, Kogevinas, M, Kote-Jarai, Z, Koutros, S, Kristensen, VN, Kupryjanczyk, J, Lacko, M, Lam, S, Lambrechts, D, Landi, MT, Lazarus, P, Le, ND, Lee, E, Lejbkowicz, F, Lenz, H-J, Leslie, G, Lessel, D, Lester, J, Levine, DA, Li, L, Li, CI, Lindblom, A, Lindor, NM, Liu, G, Loupakis, F, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Maier, C, Mannermaa, A, Le Marchand, L, Margolin, S, May, T, McGuffog, L, Meindl, A, Middha, P, Miller, A, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Modugno, F, Montagna, M, Moreno, V, Moysich, KB, Mucci, L, Muir, K, Mulligan, AM, Nathanson, KL, Neal, DE, Ness, AR, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newcomb, PA, Newcomb, LF, Nielsen, FC, Nikitina-Zake, L, Nordestgaard, BG, Nussbaum, RL, Offit, K, Olah, E, Al Olama, AA, Olopade, OI, Olshan, AF, Olsson, H, Osorio, A, Pandha, H, Park, JY, Pashayan, N, Parsons, MT, Pejovic, T, Penney, KL, Peters, WHM, Phelan, CM, Phipps, AI, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Pring, M, Prokofyeva, D, Radice, P, Stefansson, K, Ramus, SJ, Raskin, L, Rennert, G, Rennert, HS, van Rensburg, EJ, Riggan, MJ, Risch, HA, Risch, A, Roobol, MJ, Rosenstein, BS, Rossing, MA, De Ruyck, K, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Sawyer, EJ, Schabath, MB, Schleutker, J, Schmidt, MK, Setiawan, VW, Shen, H, Siegel, EM, Sieh, W, Singer, CF, Slattery, ML, Sorensen, KD, Southey, MC, Spurdle, AB, Stanford, JL, Stevens, VL, Stintzing, S, Stone, J, Sundfeldt, K, Sutphen, R, Swerdlow, AJ, Tajara, EH, Tangen, CM, Tardon, A, Taylor, JA, Teare, MD, Teixeira, MR, Terry, MB, Terry, KL, Thibodeau, SN, Thomassen, M, Bjorge, L, Tischkowitz, M, Toland, AE, Torres, D, Townsend, PA, Travis, RC, Tung, N, Tworoger, SS, Ulrich, CM, Usmani, N, Vachon, CM, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Vega, A, Aguado-Barrera, ME, Wang, Q, Webb, PM, Weinberg, CR, Weinstein, S, Weissler, MC, Weitzel, JN, West, CML, White, E, Whittemore, AS, Wichmann, H-E, Wiklund, F, Winqvist, R, Wolk, A, Woll, P, Woods, M, Wu, AH, Wu, X, Yannoukakos, D, Zheng, W, Zienolddiny, S, Ziogas, A, Zorn, KK, Lane, JM, Saxena, R, Thomas, D, Hung, RJ, Diergaarde, B, Mckay, J, Peters, U, Hsu, L, Garcia-Closas, M, Eeles, RA, Chenevix-Trench, G, Brennan, PJ, Haiman, CA, Simard, J, Easton, DF, Gruber, SB, Pharoah, PDP, Price, AL, Pasaniuc, B, Amos, CI, Kraft, P, and Lindstrom, S
Abstract: Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (rg = 0.57, p = 4.6 × 10-8), breast and ovarian cancer (rg = 0.24, p = 7 × 10-5), breast and lung cancer (rg = 0.18, p =1.5 × 10-6) and breast and colorectal cancer (rg = 0.15, p = 1.1 × 10-4). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis.
Published: 2019

30. Association analyses identify 31 new risk loci for colorectal cancer susceptibility

Author: Law, PJ, Timofeeva, M, Fernandez-Rozadilla, C, Timofeeva, A, Broderick, P, Studd, J, Fernandez-Tajes, J, Farrington, S, Svinti, V, Palles, C, Orlando, G, Sud, A, Holroyd, A, Penegar, S, Theodoratou, E, Vaughan-Shaw, P, Campbell, H, Zgaga, L, Hayward, C, Campbell, A, Harris, S, Deary, IJ, Starr, O, Gatcombe, L, Pinna, M, Briggs, S, Martin, L, Jaeger, E, Sharma-Oates, A, East, J, Leedham, S, Arnold, R, Johnstone, E, Wang, H, Kerr, D, Kerr, R, Maughan, T, Kaplan, R, Al-Tassan, N, Palin, K, Hanninen, UA, Cajuso, T, Tanskanen, T, Kondelin, J, Kaasinen, E, Sarin, A-P, Eriksson, JG, Rissanen, H, Knekt, P, Pukkala, E, Jousilahti, P, Salomaa, V, Ripatti, S, Palotie, A, Renkonen-Sinisalo, L, Lepisto, A, Bohm, J, Mecklin, J-P, Buchanan, DD, Win, A-K, Hopper, J, Jenkins, ME, Lindor, NM, Newcomb, PA, Gallinger, S, Duggan, D, Casey, G, Hoffmann, P, Nothen, MM, Jockel, K-H, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Swerdlow, A, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Harkin, A, Allan, K, McQueen, J, Paul, J, Iveson, T, Saunders, M, Butterbach, K, Chang-Claude, J, Hoffmeister, M, Brenner, H, Kirac, I, Matosevic, P, Hofer, P, Brezina, S, Gsur, A, Cheadle, JP, Aaltonen, LA, Tomlinson, I, Houlston, RS, Dunlop, MG, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Berndt, S, Conti, D, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Gapstur, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Grindeda, EM, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, BS, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Gamulin, M, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, L, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Law, PJ, Timofeeva, M, Fernandez-Rozadilla, C, Timofeeva, A, Broderick, P, Studd, J, Fernandez-Tajes, J, Farrington, S, Svinti, V, Palles, C, Orlando, G, Sud, A, Holroyd, A, Penegar, S, Theodoratou, E, Vaughan-Shaw, P, Campbell, H, Zgaga, L, Hayward, C, Campbell, A, Harris, S, Deary, IJ, Starr, O, Gatcombe, L, Pinna, M, Briggs, S, Martin, L, Jaeger, E, Sharma-Oates, A, East, J, Leedham, S, Arnold, R, Johnstone, E, Wang, H, Kerr, D, Kerr, R, Maughan, T, Kaplan, R, Al-Tassan, N, Palin, K, Hanninen, UA, Cajuso, T, Tanskanen, T, Kondelin, J, Kaasinen, E, Sarin, A-P, Eriksson, JG, Rissanen, H, Knekt, P, Pukkala, E, Jousilahti, P, Salomaa, V, Ripatti, S, Palotie, A, Renkonen-Sinisalo, L, Lepisto, A, Bohm, J, Mecklin, J-P, Buchanan, DD, Win, A-K, Hopper, J, Jenkins, ME, Lindor, NM, Newcomb, PA, Gallinger, S, Duggan, D, Casey, G, Hoffmann, P, Nothen, MM, Jockel, K-H, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Peto, J, Canzian, F, Swerdlow, A, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Muir, K, Pashayan, N, Harkin, A, Allan, K, McQueen, J, Paul, J, Iveson, T, Saunders, M, Butterbach, K, Chang-Claude, J, Hoffmeister, M, Brenner, H, Kirac, I, Matosevic, P, Hofer, P, Brezina, S, Gsur, A, Cheadle, JP, Aaltonen, LA, Tomlinson, I, Houlston, RS, Dunlop, MG, Henderson, BE, Haiman, CA, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Berndt, S, Conti, D, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Gapstur, S, Stevens, VL, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Schleutker, J, Albanes, D, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Sorensen, KD, Grindeda, EM, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Ingles, SA, Rosenstein, BS, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Maier, C, Kim, J, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Gamulin, M, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, L, Pandha, H, and Thibodeau, SN
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and has a strong heritable basis. We report a genome-wide association analysis of 34,627 CRC cases and 71,379 controls of European ancestry that identifies SNPs at 31 new CRC risk loci. We also identify eight independent risk SNPs at the new and previously reported European CRC loci, and a further nine CRC SNPs at loci previously only identified in Asian populations. We use in situ promoter capture Hi-C (CHi-C), gene expression, and in silico annotation methods to identify likely target genes of CRC SNPs. Whilst these new SNP associations implicate target genes that are enriched for known CRC pathways such as Wnt and BMP, they also highlight novel pathways with no prior links to colorectal tumourigenesis. These findings provide further insight into CRC susceptibility and enhance the prospects of applying genetic risk scores to personalised screening and prevention.
Published: 2019

31. Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers (vol 10, 431, 2019)

Author: Jiang, X, Finucane, HK, Schumacher, FR, Schmit, SL, Tyrer, JP, Han, Y, Michailidou, K, Lesseur, C, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Dennis, J, Conti, DV, Casey, G, Gaudet, MM, Huyghe, JR, Albanes, D, Aldrich, MC, Andrew, AS, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Antonenkova, NN, Arnold, SM, Aronson, KJ, Arun, BK, Bandera, EV, Barkardottir, RB, Barnes, DR, Batra, J, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Benlloch, S, Berchuck, A, Berndt, SI, Bickeboller, H, Bien, SA, Blomqvist, C, Boccia, S, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brenton, JD, Brook, MN, Brunet, J, Brunnstrom, H, Buchanan, DD, Burwinkel, B, Butzow, R, Cadoni, G, Caldes, T, Caligo, MA, Campbell, I, Campbell, PT, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Campa, D, Caporaso, N, Carvalho, AL, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Chanock, SJ, Chen, C, Christiani, DC, Claes, KBM, Claessens, F, Clements, J, Collee, JM, Correa, MC, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Czene, K, Daly, MB, deFazio, A, Devilee, P, Diez, O, Gago-Dominguez, M, Donovan, JL, Dork, T, Duell, EJ, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Edlund, CK, Edwards, DRV, Ellberg, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Ferris, RL, Liloglou, T, Figueiredo, JC, Fletcher, O, Fortner, RT, Fostira, F, Franceschi, S, Friedman, E, Gallinger, SJ, Ganz, PA, Garber, J, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gayther, SA, Giles, GG, Godwin, AK, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Goodman, G, Grankvist, K, Greene, MH, Gronberg, H, Gronwald, J, Guenel, P, Hakansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Hamdy, FC, Hamilton, RJ, Hampe, J, Haugen, A, Heitz, F, Herrero, R, Hillemanns, P, Hoffmeister, M, Hogdall, E, Hong, Y-C, Hopper, JL, Houlston, R, Hulick, PJ, Hunter, DJ, Huntsman, DG, Idos, G, Imyanitov, EN, Ingles, SA, Isaacs, C, Jakubowska, A, James, P, Jenkins, MA, Johansson, M, John, EM, Joshi, AD, Kaneva, R, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kuehl, T, Khaw, K-T, Khusnutdinova, E, Kibel, AS, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, J, Kjaer, SK, Knight, JA, Kogevinas, M, Kote-Jarai, Z, Koutros, S, Kristensen, VN, Kupryjanczyk, J, Lacko, M, Lam, S, Lambrechts, D, Landi, MT, Lazarus, P, Le, ND, Lee, E, Lejbkowicz, F, Lenz, H-J, Leslie, G, Lessel, D, Lester, J, Levine, DA, Li, L, Li, CI, Lindblom, A, Lindor, NM, Liu, G, Loupakis, F, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Maier, C, Mannermaa, A, Le Marchand, L, Margolin, S, May, T, McGuffog, L, Meindl, A, Middha, P, Miller, A, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Modugno, F, Montagna, M, Moreno, V, Moysich, KB, Mucci, L, Muir, K, Mulligan, AM, Nathanson, KL, Neal, DE, Ness, AR, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newcomb, PA, Newcomb, LF, Nielsen, FC, Nikitina-Zake, L, Nordestgaard, BG, Nussbaum, RL, Offit, K, Olah, E, Al Olama, AA, Olopade, OI, Olshan, AF, Olsson, H, Osorio, A, Pandha, H, Park, JY, Pashayan, N, Parsons, MT, Pejovic, T, Penney, KL, Peters, WHM, Phelan, CM, Phipps, AI, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Pring, M, Prokofyeva, D, Radice, P, Stefansson, K, Ramus, SJ, Raskin, L, Rennert, G, Rennert, HS, van Rensburg, EJ, Riggan, MJ, Risch, HA, Risch, A, Roobol, MJ, Rosenstein, BS, Rossing, MA, De Ruyck, K, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Sawyer, EJ, Schabath, MB, Schleutker, J, Schmidt, MK, Setiawan, VW, Shen, H, Siegel, EM, Sieh, W, Singer, CF, Slattery, ML, Sorensen, KD, Southey, MC, Spurdle, AB, Stanford, JL, Stevens, VL, Stintzing, S, Stone, J, Sundfeldt, K, Sutphen, R, Swerdlow, AJ, Tajara, EH, Tangen, CM, Tardon, A, Taylor, JA, Teare, MD, Teixeira, MR, Terry, MB, Terry, KL, Thibodeau, SN, Thomassen, M, Bjorge, L, Tischkowitz, M, Toland, AE, Torres, D, Townsend, PA, Travis, RC, Tung, N, Tworoger, SS, Ulrich, CM, Usmani, N, Vachon, CM, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Vega, A, Elias Aguado-Barrera, M, Wang, Q, Webb, PM, Weinberg, CR, Weinstein, S, Weissler, MC, Weitzel, JN, West, CML, White, E, Whittemore, AS, Wichmann, H-E, Wiklund, F, Winqvist, R, Wolk, A, Woll, P, Woods, M, Wu, AH, Wu, X, Yannoukakos, D, Zheng, W, Zienolddiny, S, Ziogas, A, Zorn, KK, Lane, JM, Saxena, R, Thomas, D, Hung, RJ, Diergaarde, B, McKay, J, Peters, U, Hsu, L, Garcia-Closas, M, Eeles, RA, Chenevix-Trench, G, Brennan, PJ, Haiman, CA, Simard, J, Easton, DF, Gruber, SB, Pharoah, PDP, Price, AL, Pasaniuc, B, Amos, CI, Kraft, P, Lindstrom, S, Jiang, X, Finucane, HK, Schumacher, FR, Schmit, SL, Tyrer, JP, Han, Y, Michailidou, K, Lesseur, C, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Dennis, J, Conti, DV, Casey, G, Gaudet, MM, Huyghe, JR, Albanes, D, Aldrich, MC, Andrew, AS, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Antonenkova, NN, Arnold, SM, Aronson, KJ, Arun, BK, Bandera, EV, Barkardottir, RB, Barnes, DR, Batra, J, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Benlloch, S, Berchuck, A, Berndt, SI, Bickeboller, H, Bien, SA, Blomqvist, C, Boccia, S, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brenton, JD, Brook, MN, Brunet, J, Brunnstrom, H, Buchanan, DD, Burwinkel, B, Butzow, R, Cadoni, G, Caldes, T, Caligo, MA, Campbell, I, Campbell, PT, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Campa, D, Caporaso, N, Carvalho, AL, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Chanock, SJ, Chen, C, Christiani, DC, Claes, KBM, Claessens, F, Clements, J, Collee, JM, Correa, MC, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Czene, K, Daly, MB, deFazio, A, Devilee, P, Diez, O, Gago-Dominguez, M, Donovan, JL, Dork, T, Duell, EJ, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Edlund, CK, Edwards, DRV, Ellberg, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Ferris, RL, Liloglou, T, Figueiredo, JC, Fletcher, O, Fortner, RT, Fostira, F, Franceschi, S, Friedman, E, Gallinger, SJ, Ganz, PA, Garber, J, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gayther, SA, Giles, GG, Godwin, AK, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Goodman, G, Grankvist, K, Greene, MH, Gronberg, H, Gronwald, J, Guenel, P, Hakansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Hamdy, FC, Hamilton, RJ, Hampe, J, Haugen, A, Heitz, F, Herrero, R, Hillemanns, P, Hoffmeister, M, Hogdall, E, Hong, Y-C, Hopper, JL, Houlston, R, Hulick, PJ, Hunter, DJ, Huntsman, DG, Idos, G, Imyanitov, EN, Ingles, SA, Isaacs, C, Jakubowska, A, James, P, Jenkins, MA, Johansson, M, John, EM, Joshi, AD, Kaneva, R, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kuehl, T, Khaw, K-T, Khusnutdinova, E, Kibel, AS, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, J, Kjaer, SK, Knight, JA, Kogevinas, M, Kote-Jarai, Z, Koutros, S, Kristensen, VN, Kupryjanczyk, J, Lacko, M, Lam, S, Lambrechts, D, Landi, MT, Lazarus, P, Le, ND, Lee, E, Lejbkowicz, F, Lenz, H-J, Leslie, G, Lessel, D, Lester, J, Levine, DA, Li, L, Li, CI, Lindblom, A, Lindor, NM, Liu, G, Loupakis, F, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Maier, C, Mannermaa, A, Le Marchand, L, Margolin, S, May, T, McGuffog, L, Meindl, A, Middha, P, Miller, A, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Modugno, F, Montagna, M, Moreno, V, Moysich, KB, Mucci, L, Muir, K, Mulligan, AM, Nathanson, KL, Neal, DE, Ness, AR, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newcomb, PA, Newcomb, LF, Nielsen, FC, Nikitina-Zake, L, Nordestgaard, BG, Nussbaum, RL, Offit, K, Olah, E, Al Olama, AA, Olopade, OI, Olshan, AF, Olsson, H, Osorio, A, Pandha, H, Park, JY, Pashayan, N, Parsons, MT, Pejovic, T, Penney, KL, Peters, WHM, Phelan, CM, Phipps, AI, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Pring, M, Prokofyeva, D, Radice, P, Stefansson, K, Ramus, SJ, Raskin, L, Rennert, G, Rennert, HS, van Rensburg, EJ, Riggan, MJ, Risch, HA, Risch, A, Roobol, MJ, Rosenstein, BS, Rossing, MA, De Ruyck, K, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Sawyer, EJ, Schabath, MB, Schleutker, J, Schmidt, MK, Setiawan, VW, Shen, H, Siegel, EM, Sieh, W, Singer, CF, Slattery, ML, Sorensen, KD, Southey, MC, Spurdle, AB, Stanford, JL, Stevens, VL, Stintzing, S, Stone, J, Sundfeldt, K, Sutphen, R, Swerdlow, AJ, Tajara, EH, Tangen, CM, Tardon, A, Taylor, JA, Teare, MD, Teixeira, MR, Terry, MB, Terry, KL, Thibodeau, SN, Thomassen, M, Bjorge, L, Tischkowitz, M, Toland, AE, Torres, D, Townsend, PA, Travis, RC, Tung, N, Tworoger, SS, Ulrich, CM, Usmani, N, Vachon, CM, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Vega, A, Elias Aguado-Barrera, M, Wang, Q, Webb, PM, Weinberg, CR, Weinstein, S, Weissler, MC, Weitzel, JN, West, CML, White, E, Whittemore, AS, Wichmann, H-E, Wiklund, F, Winqvist, R, Wolk, A, Woll, P, Woods, M, Wu, AH, Wu, X, Yannoukakos, D, Zheng, W, Zienolddiny, S, Ziogas, A, Zorn, KK, Lane, JM, Saxena, R, Thomas, D, Hung, RJ, Diergaarde, B, McKay, J, Peters, U, Hsu, L, Garcia-Closas, M, Eeles, RA, Chenevix-Trench, G, Brennan, PJ, Haiman, CA, Simard, J, Easton, DF, Gruber, SB, Pharoah, PDP, Price, AL, Pasaniuc, B, Amos, CI, Kraft, P, and Lindstrom, S
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Published: 2019

32. Blood lipids and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis

Author: Bull, CJ, Bonilla, C, Holly, JM, Perks, CM, Davies, N, Haycock, P, Yu, OH, Richards, JB, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Amin Al Olama, A, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, MacInnis, RJ, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Pashayan, N, Khaw, KT, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Micheal, A, Pandha, H, Smith, GD, Lewis, SJ, and Martin, RM
Subjects: Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, statins, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Mendelian randomization, Odds Ratio, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Association Studies, Original Research, Neoplasm Staging, Clinical Cancer Research, Genetic Variation, Prostatic Neoplasms, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, prostate cancer, Lipids, Cholesterol, Case-Control Studies, Population Surveillance, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), ICEP, Neoplasm Grading, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Genetic risk scores were used as unconfounded instruments for specific lipid traits (Mendelian randomization) to assess whether circulating lipids causally influence prostate cancer risk. Data from 22,249 prostate cancer cases and 22,133 controls from 22 studies within the international PRACTICAL consortium were analyzed. Allele scores based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be uniquely associated with each of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels, were first validated in an independent dataset, and then entered into logistic regression models to estimate the presence (and direction) of any causal effect of each lipid trait on prostate cancer risk. There was weak evidence for an association between the LDL genetic score and cancer grade: the odds ratio (OR) per genetically instrumented standard deviation (SD) in LDL, comparing high- (≥7 Gleason score) versus low-grade (
Published: 2016

33. Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry

Author: Matejcic, M, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Wang, K, Sheng, X, Olama, AAA, Schumacher, FR, Ingles, SA, Govindasami, K, Benlloch, S, Berndt, SI, Albanes, D, Koutros, S, Muir, K, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Kraft, P, Cancel-Tassin, G, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Strom, SS, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, B, Lu, YJ, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Bensen, JT, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Dominguez, MG, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, KT, Cannon-Albright, LA, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Schaid, DJ, Henderson, BE, Stern, MC, Thwaites, A, Guy, M, Whitmore, I, Morgan, A, Fisher, C, Hazel, S, Livni, N, Cook, M, Fachal, L, Weinstein, S, Beane Freeman, LE, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Lophatananon, A, Carter, BD, Goodman, P, Moya, L, Srinivasan, S, Kedda, MA, Yeadon, T, Eckert, A, Eklund, M, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Dunning, AM, Sipeky, C, Hakansson, N, Elliott, R, and Ranu, H
Subjects: Genetic Markers, Male, Genotype, European Continental Ancestry Group, Prostatic Neoplasms, Chromosome Mapping, Risk Assessment, Haplotypes, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Disease Susceptibility, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
Abstract: © 2018, The Author(s). Chromosome 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we combine genetic data across the 8q24 susceptibility region from 71,535 prostate cancer cases and 52,935 controls of European ancestry to define the overall contribution of germline variation at 8q24 to prostate cancer risk. We identify 12 independent risk signals for prostate cancer (p < 4.28 × 10−15), including three risk variants that have yet to be reported. From a polygenic risk score (PRS) model, derived to assess the cumulative effect of risk variants at 8q24, men in the top 1% of the PRS have a 4-fold (95%CI = 3.62–4.40) greater risk compared to the population average. These 12 variants account for ~25% of what can be currently explained of the familial risk of prostate cancer by known genetic risk factors. These findings highlight the overwhelming contribution of germline variation at 8q24 on prostate cancer risk which has implications for population risk stratification.
Published: 2018

34. Fine-mapping of prostate cancer susceptibility loci in a large meta-analysis identifies candidate causal variants

Author: Dadaev, T, Saunders, EJ, Newcombe, PJ, Anokian, E, Leongamornlert, DA, Brook, MN, Cieza-Borrella, C, Mijuskovic, M, Wakerell, S, Olama, AAA, Schumacher, FR, Berndt, SI, Benlloch, S, Ahmed, M, Goh, C, Sheng, X, Zhang, Z, Muir, K, Govindasami, K, Lophatananon, A, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Tangen, CM, Goodman, P, Thompson, IM, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Clements, J, Horvath, L, Tilley, W, Risbridger, G, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Nordström, T, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, Hakansson, N, West, C, Dunning, AM, Burnet, N, Mucci, L, Giovannucci, E, Andriole, G, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Freeman, LEB, Sorensen, KD, Orntoft, TF, Borre, M, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Rosenstein, B, Kerns, S, Ostrer, H, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Feng, N, Mao, X, Guo, X, Wang, G, Sun, Z, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, Macinnis, RJ, Fitzgerald, LM, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Fachal, L, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Penney, KL, Stampfer, M, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Lubinski, J, Ostrander, EA, Geybels, MS, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Weisher, M, Bisbjerg, R, Røder, MA, Iversen, P, Brenner, H, Cuk, K, Holleczek, B, Maier, C, Luedeke, M, Schnoeller, T, Kim, J, Logothetis, CJ, John, EM, Teixeira, MR, Paulo, P, Cardoso, M, Neuhausen, SL, Steele, L, Ding, YC, De Ruyck, K, De Meerleer, G, Ost, P, Razack, A, Lim, J, Teo, S-H, Lin, DW, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Gamulin, M, Kulis, T, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Slavov, C, Mitev, V, Parliament, M, Singhal, S, Claessens, F, Joniau, S, Van Den Broeck, T, Larkin, S, Townsend, PA, Aukim-Hastie, C, Gago-Dominguez, M, Castelao, JE, Martinez, ME, Roobol, MJ, Jenster, G, Van Schaik, RHN, Menegaux, F, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, Xu, J, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, L, Pandha, H, Michael, A, Kierzek, A, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, Lindstrom, S, Turman, C, Ma, J, Hunter, DJ, Riboli, E, Siddiq, A, Canzian, F, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Kraft, P, Consortium, Practical (Prostate Cancer Association Group To Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations In The Genome), Freedman, M, Wiklund, F, Chanock, S, Henderson, BE, Easton, DF, Haiman, CA, Eeles, RA, Conti, DV, Kote-Jarai, Z, Dadaev, Tokhir [0000-0002-8268-0438], Leongamornlert, Daniel A [0000-0002-3486-3168], Brook, Mark N [0000-0002-8969-2378], Olama, Ali Amin Al [0000-0002-7178-3431], Schumacher, Fredrick R [0000-0002-3073-7463], Muir, Kenneth [0000-0001-6429-988X], Batra, Jyotsna [0000-0003-4646-6247], Nordström, Tobias [0000-0003-4915-7546], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Pashayan, Nora [0000-0003-0843-2468], Schleutker, Johanna [0000-0002-1863-0305], Sipeky, Csilla [0000-0002-8853-4722], Wolk, Alicja [0000-0001-7387-6845], Cancel-Tassin, Géraldine [0000-0002-9583-6382], Sorensen, Karina Dalsgaard [0000-0002-4902-5490], Kerns, Sarah [0000-0002-6503-0011], Ostrer, Harry [0000-0002-2209-5376], Fachal, Laura [0000-0002-7256-9752], Kogevinas, Manolis [0000-0002-9605-0461], Nordestgaard, Børge G [0000-0002-1954-7220], Lim, Jasmine [0000-0002-7501-1834], Truong, Thérèse [0000-0002-2943-6786], Xu, Jianfeng [0000-0002-1343-8752], Easton, Douglas F [0000-0003-2444-3247], Eeles, Rosalind A [0000-0002-3698-6241], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, National Institutes of Health, Urology, and Clinical Chemistry
Subjects: Male, Risk, Science, GENETIC, Quantitative Trait Loci, Black People, PRACTICAL (Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome) Consortium, urologic and male genital diseases, ANNOTATION, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, REGION, GENETIC ASSOCIATION, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MD Multidisciplinary, Medicine and Health Sciences, ELEMENTS, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, lcsh:Science, Medicinsk genetik, MODEL SELECTION, BAYESIAN FRAMEWORK, Cancer och onkologi, Science & Technology, Chromosome Mapping, Prostatic Neoplasms, Bayes Theorem, Molecular Sequence Annotation, ASSOCIATION, JOINT ANALYSIS, RISK LOCI, STATISTICS, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Cancer and Oncology, Multivariate Analysis, Science & Technology - Other Topics, lcsh:Q, Medical Genetics, Algorithms, VARIABLE-SELECTION, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling., Prostate cancer (PrCa) involves a large heritable genetic component. Here, the authors perform multivariate fine-mapping of known PrCa GWAS loci, identifying variants enriched for biological function, explaining more familial relative risk, and with potential application in clinical risk profiling.
Published: 2018

35. Gene and pathway level analyses of germline DNA-repair gene variants and prostate cancer susceptibility using the iCOGS-genotyping array.

Author: Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Leongamornlert, DA, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Grönberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Pasayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, SN, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, JY, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Govindasami, K, Muir, K, UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators, UK ProtecT Study Collaborators, PRACTICAL Consortium, Easton, DF, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Leongamornlert, DA, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Grönberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Pasayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, SN, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, JY, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Govindasami, K, Muir, K, UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators, UK ProtecT Study Collaborators, PRACTICAL Consortium, Easton, DF, Eeles, RA, and Kote-Jarai, Z
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.50.
Published: 2018

36. Height, selected genetic markers and prostate cancer risk: results from the PRACTICAL consortium.

Author: Lophatananon, A, Stewart-Brown, S, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Garcia, SB, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Giles, GG, Fitzgerald, LM, Southey, MC, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Aly, M, Stanford, JL, Brenner, H, Dieffenbach, AK, Arndt, V, Park, JY, Lin, H-Y, Sellers, T, Slavov, C, Kaneva, R, Mitev, V, Batra, J, Spurdle, A, Clements, JA, APCB BioResource, PRACTICAL consortium, Easton, D, Eeles, RA, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Stewart-Brown, S, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Garcia, SB, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Giles, GG, Fitzgerald, LM, Southey, MC, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Aly, M, Stanford, JL, Brenner, H, Dieffenbach, AK, Arndt, V, Park, JY, Lin, H-Y, Sellers, T, Slavov, C, Kaneva, R, Mitev, V, Batra, J, Spurdle, A, Clements, JA, APCB BioResource, PRACTICAL consortium, Easton, D, Eeles, RA, and Muir, K
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.231.
Published: 2018

37. Germline variants in IL4, MGMT and AKT1 are associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality: An analysis of 12,082 prostate cancer cases

Author: FitzGerald, LM, Zhao, S, Leonardson, A, Geybels, MS, Kolb, S, Lin, DW, Wright, JL, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Govindasami, K, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TL, Sipeky, C, Penney, KL, Stampfer, MJ, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Stattin, P, Hugosson, J, Karyadi, DM, Ostrander, EA, Feng, Z, Stanford, JL, FitzGerald, LM, Zhao, S, Leonardson, A, Geybels, MS, Kolb, S, Lin, DW, Wright, JL, Eeles, R, Kote-Jarai, Z, Govindasami, K, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TL, Sipeky, C, Penney, KL, Stampfer, MJ, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Stattin, P, Hugosson, J, Karyadi, DM, Ostrander, EA, Feng, Z, and Stanford, JL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality and genetic factors can influence tumour aggressiveness. Several germline variants have been associated with PCa-specific mortality (PCSM), but further replication evidence is needed. METHODS: Twenty-two previously identified PCSM-associated genetic variants were genotyped in seven PCa cohorts (12,082 patients; 1544 PCa deaths). For each cohort, Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of PCSM associated with each variant. Data were then combined using a meta-analysis approach. RESULTS: Fifteen SNPs were associated with PCSM in at least one of the seven cohorts. In the meta-analysis, after adjustment for clinicopathological factors, variants in the MGMT (rs2308327; HR 0.90; p-value = 3.5 × 10-2) and IL4 (rs2070874; HR 1.22; p-value = 1.1 × 10-3) genes were confirmed to be associated with risk of PCSM. In analyses limited to men diagnosed with local or regional stage disease, a variant in AKT1, rs2494750, was also confirmed to be associated with PCSM risk (HR 0.81; p-value = 3.6 × 10-2). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis confirms the association of three genetic variants with risk of PCSM, providing further evidence that genetic background plays a role in PCa-specific survival. While these variants alone are not sufficient as prognostic biomarkers, these results may provide insights into the biological pathways modulating tumour aggressiveness.
Published: 2018

38. Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci

Author: Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Benlloch, S, Ahmed, M, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Leongamornlert, D, Anokian, E, Cieza-Borrella, C, Goh, C, Brook, MN, Sheng, X, Fachal, L, Dennis, J, Tyrer, J, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Clements, J, Horvath, L, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Nordström, T, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, West, CML, Dunning, AM, Burnet, N, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Andriole, GL, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Beane Freeman, LE, Sorensen, KD, Orntoft, TF, Borre, M, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Lu, YJ, Zhang, HW, Feng, N, Mao, X, Guo, X, Wang, G, Sun, Z, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Fitzgerald, LM, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Penney, KL, Stampfer, M, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, HY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Schumacher, FR, Al Olama, AA, Berndt, SI, Benlloch, S, Ahmed, M, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Leongamornlert, D, Anokian, E, Cieza-Borrella, C, Goh, C, Brook, MN, Sheng, X, Fachal, L, Dennis, J, Tyrer, J, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Carter, BD, Tangen, CM, Goodman, PJ, Thompson, IM, Batra, J, Chambers, S, Moya, L, Clements, J, Horvath, L, Tilley, W, Risbridger, GP, Gronberg, H, Aly, M, Nordström, T, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Auvinen, A, Albanes, D, Weinstein, S, Wolk, A, Håkansson, N, West, CML, Dunning, AM, Burnet, N, Mucci, LA, Giovannucci, E, Andriole, GL, Cussenot, O, Cancel-Tassin, G, Koutros, S, Beane Freeman, LE, Sorensen, KD, Orntoft, TF, Borre, M, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Martin, RM, Travis, RC, Key, TJ, Hamilton, RJ, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Ingles, SA, Stern, MC, Rosenstein, BS, Kerns, SL, Ostrer, H, Lu, YJ, Zhang, HW, Feng, N, Mao, X, Guo, X, Wang, G, Sun, Z, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, MacInnis, RJ, Fitzgerald, LM, Kibel, AS, Drake, BF, Vega, A, Gómez-Caamaño, A, Szulkin, R, Eklund, M, Kogevinas, M, Llorca, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Penney, KL, Stampfer, M, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, HY, Stanford, JL, and Cybulski, C
Abstract: © 2018 The Author(s). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and fine-mapping efforts to date have identified more than 100 prostate cancer (PrCa)-susceptibility loci. We meta-analyzed genotype data from a custom high-density array of 46,939 PrCa cases and 27,910 controls of European ancestry with previously genotyped data of 32,255 PrCa cases and 33,202 controls of European ancestry. Our analysis identified 62 novel loci associated (P < 5.0 × 10-8) with PrCa and one locus significantly associated with early-onset PrCa (≤55 years). Our findings include missense variants rs1800057 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; P = 8.2 × 10-9; G>C, p.Pro1054Arg) in ATM and rs2066827 (OR = 1.06; P = 2.3 × 10-9; T>G, p.Val109Gly) in CDKN1B. The combination of all loci captured 28.4% of the PrCa familial relative risk, and a polygenic risk score conferred an elevated PrCa risk for men in the ninetieth to ninety-ninth percentiles (relative risk = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.55-2.82) and first percentile (relative risk = 5.71; 95% CI: 5.04-6.48) risk stratum compared with the population average. These findings improve risk prediction, enhance fine-mapping, and provide insight into the underlying biology of PrCa 1 .
Published: 2018

39. Bromodomain protein 4 discriminates tissue-specific super-enhancers containing disease-specific susceptibility loci in prostate and breast cancer

Author: Zuber, V, Bettella, F, Witoelar, A, Andreassen, OA, Mills, IG, Urbanucci, A, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Weischer, M, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Pharoah, P, Khaw, KT, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Chenevix-Trench, G, Humphreys, M, Hung, RJ, Han, Y, Brennan, P, Bickeböller, H, Rosenberger, A, Houlston, RS, Caporaso, N, Landi, MT, Heinrich, J, Risch, A, Wu, X, Ye, Y, Christiani, DC, Amos, CI, Easton, DF, Michailidou, K, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Berchuck, A, Antoniou, A, McGuffog, L, Couch, F, Offit, K, Dennis, J, Dunning, AM, Lee, A, Dicks, E, Luccarini, C, Benitez, J, Gonzalez-Neira, A, Simard, J, Tessier, DC, Bacot, F, Vincent, D, LaBoissière, S, Zuber, Verena [0000-0001-9827-1877], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Wang, Jean [0000-0002-9139-0627], Antoniou, Antonis [0000-0001-9223-3116], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Lee, Andrew [0000-0003-0677-0252], Dicks, Ed [0000-0002-0617-0401], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: risk loci, schizophrenia, breast cancer risk, super-enhancer, genome-wide association studies, BRD4, chromatin, functional annotation, prostate cancer risk, SNPs
Abstract: $\textbf{Background:}$ Epigenetic information can be used to identify clinically relevant genomic variants single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of functional importance in cancer development. Super-enhancers are cell-specific DNA elements, acting to determine tissue or cell identity and driving tumor progression. Although previous approaches have been tried to explain risk associated with SNPs in regulatory DNA elements, so far epigenetic readers such as bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4) and super-enhancers have not been used to annotate SNPs. In prostate cancer (PC), androgen receptor (AR) binding sites to chromatin have been used to inform functional annotations of SNPs. $\textbf{Results:}$ Here we establish criteria for enhancer mapping which are applicable to other diseases and traits to achieve the optimal tissue-specific enrichment of PC risk SNPs. We used stratified Q-Q plots and Fisher test to assess the differential enrichment of SNPs mapping to specific categories of enhancers. We find that BRD4 is the key discriminant of tissue-specific enhancers, showing that it is more powerful than AR binding information to capture PC specific risk loci, and can be used with similar effect in breast cancer (BC) and applied to other diseases such as schizophrenia. $\textbf{Conclusions:}$ This is the first study to evaluate the enrichment of epigenetic readers in genome-wide associations studies for SNPs within enhancers, and provides a powerful tool for enriching and prioritizing PC and BC genetic risk loci. Our study represents a proof of principle applicable to other diseases and traits that can be used to redefine molecular mechanisms of human phenotypic variation.
Published: 2017
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40. Discovery and fine-mapping of adiposity loci using high density imputation of genome-wide association studies in individuals of African ancestry: African ancestry anthropometry genetics consortium

Author: Ng, MCY, Graff, M, Lu, Y, Justice, AE, Mudgal, P, Liu, CT, Young, K, Yanek, LR, Feitosa, MF, Wojczynski, MK, Rand, K, Brody, JA, Cade, BE, Dimitrov, L, Duan, Q, Guo, X, Lange, LA, Nalls, MA, Okut, H, Tajuddin, SM, Tayo, BO, Vedantam, S, Bradfield, JP, Chen, G, Chen, WM, Chesi, A, Irvin, MR, Padhukasahasram, B, Smith, JA, Zheng, W, Allison, MA, Ambrosone, CB, Bandera, EV, Bartz, TM, Berndt, SI, Bernstein, L, Blot, WJ, Bottinger, EP, Carpten, J, Chanock, SJ, Chen, YDI, Conti, DV, Cooper, RS, Fornage, M, Freedman, BI, Garcia, M, Goodman, PJ, Hsu, YHH, Hu, J, Huff, CD, Ingles, SA, John, EM, Kittles, R, Klein, E, Li, J, McKnight, B, Nayak, U, Nemesure, B, Ogunniyi, A, Olshan, A, Press, MF, Rohde, R, Rybicki, BA, Salako, B, Sanderson, M, Shao, Y, Siscovick, DS, Stanford, JL, Stevens, VL, Stram, A, Strom, SS, Vaidya, D, Witte, JS, Yao, J, Zhu, X, Ziegler, RG, Zonderman, AB, Adeyemo, A, Ambs, S, Cushman, M, Faul, JD, Hakonarson, H, Levin, AM, Nathanson, KL, and Ware, EB
Abstract: © 2017 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >300 loci associated with measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), but few have been identified through screening of the African ancestry genomes. We performed large scale meta-analyses and replications in up to 52,895 individuals for BMI and up to 23,095 individuals for WHRadjBMIfrom the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC) using 1000 Genomes phase 1 imputed GWAS to improve coverage of both common and low frequency variants in the low linkage disequilibrium African ancestry genomes. In the sex-combined analyses, we identified one novel locus (TCF7L2/HABP2) for WHRadjBMIand eight previously established loci at P < 5×10−8: seven for BMI, and one for WHRadjBMIin African ancestry individuals. An additional novel locus (SPRYD7/DLEU2) was identified for WHRadjBMIwhen combined with European GWAS. In the sex-stratified analyses, we identified three novel loci for BMI (INTS10/LPL and MLC1 in men, IRX4/IRX2 in women) and four for WHRadjBMI(SSX2IP, CASC8, PDE3B and ZDHHC1/HSD11B2 in women) in individuals of African ancestry or both African and European ancestry. For four of the novel variants, the minor allele frequency was low (
Published: 2017

41. Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer by TMPRSS2:ERG Gene Fusion Status

Author: Geybels, MS, McCloskey, KD, Mills, IG, and Stanford, JL
Subjects: Male, Serine Endopeptidases, Prostatic Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Calcium Channel Blockers, urologic and male genital diseases, Article, Transcriptional Regulator ERG, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Population Surveillance, Humans, Gene Fusion, Aged
Abstract: Background Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may affect prostate cancer (PCa) growth by various mechanisms including those related to androgens. The fusion of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 and the oncogene ERG (TMPRSS2:ERG or T2E) is common in PCa, and prostate tumors that harbor the gene fusion are believed to represent a distinct disease subtype. We studied the association of CCB use with the risk of PCa, and molecular subtypes of PCa defined by T2E status. Methods Participants were residents of King County, Washington, recruited for population-based case–control studies (1993–1996 or 2002–2005). Tumor T2E status was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization using tumor tissue specimens from radical prostatectomy. Detailed information on use of CCBs and other variables was obtained through inperson interviews. Binomial and polytomous logistic regression were used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The study included 1,747 PCa patients and 1,635 age-matched controls. A subset of 563 patients treated with radical prostatectomy had T2E status determined, of which 295 were T2E positive (52%). Use of CCBs (ever vs. never) was not associated with overall PCa risk. However, among European-American men, users had a reduced risk of higher-grade PCa (Gleason scores ≥7: adjusted OR¼0.64; 95% CI: 0.44–0.95). Further, use of CCBs was associated with a reduced risk of T2E positive PCa (adjusted OR¼0.38; 95% CI: 0.19–0.78), but was not associated with T2E negative PCa. Conclusions This study found suggestive evidence that use of CCBs is associated with reduced relative risks for higher Gleason score and T2E positive PCa. Future studies of PCa etiology should consider etiologic heterogeneity as PCa subtypes may develop through different causal pathways.
Published: 2017

42. Investigating the possible causal role of coffee consumption with prostate cancer risk and progression using Mendelian randomization analysis

Author: Taylor, AE, Martin, RM, Geybels, MS, Stanford, JL, Shui, I, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Blot, W, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Donovan, J, Munafo, MR, Taylor, AE, Martin, RM, Geybels, MS, Stanford, JL, Shui, I, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Blot, W, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Donovan, J, and Munafo, MR
Abstract: Coffee consumption has been shown in some studies to be associated with lower risk of prostate cancer. However, it is unclear if this association is causal or due to confounding or reverse causality. We conducted a Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate the causal effects of coffee consumption on prostate cancer risk and progression. We used two genetic variants robustly associated with caffeine intake (rs4410790 and rs2472297) as proxies for coffee consumption in a sample of 46,687 men of European ancestry from 25 studies in the PRACTICAL consortium. Associations between genetic variants and prostate cancer case status, stage and grade were assessed by logistic regression and with all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression. There was no clear evidence that a genetic risk score combining rs4410790 and rs2472297 was associated with prostate cancer risk (OR per additional coffee increasing allele: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.98,1.03) or having high-grade compared to low-grade disease (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97,1.04). There was some evidence that the genetic risk score was associated with higher odds of having nonlocalised compared to localised stage disease (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06). Amongst men with prostate cancer, there was no clear association between the genetic risk score and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97,1.04) or prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98,1.08). These results, which should have less bias from confounding than observational estimates, are not consistent with a substantial effect of coffee consumption on reducing prostate cancer incidence or progression.
Published: 2017

43. Alcohol consumption and prostate cancer incidence and progression: A Mendelian randomisation study

Author: Brunner, C, Davies, NM, Martin, RM, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, G, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Donovan, J, Hamdy, FC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Zuccolo, L, Brunner, C, Davies, NM, Martin, RM, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, G, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Donovan, J, Hamdy, FC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, and Zuccolo, L
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in developed countries, and is a target for risk reduction strategies. The effects of alcohol consumption on prostate cancer incidence and survival remain unclear, potentially due to methodological limitations of observational studies. In this study, we investigated the associations of genetic variants in alcohol-metabolising genes with prostate cancer incidence and survival. We analysed data from 23,868 men with prostate cancer and 23,051 controls from 25 studies within the international PRACTICAL Consortium. Study-specific associations of 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8 alcohol-metabolising genes (Alcohol Dehydrogenases (ADHs) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases (ALDHs)) with prostate cancer diagnosis and prostate cancer-specific mortality, by grade, were assessed using logistic and Cox regression models, respectively. The data across the 25 studies were meta-analysed using fixed-effect and random-effects models. We found little evidence that variants in alcohol metabolising genes were associated with prostate cancer diagnosis. Four variants in two genes exceeded the multiple testing threshold for associations with prostate cancer mortality in fixed-effect meta-analyses. SNPs within ALDH1A2 associated with prostate cancer mortality were rs1441817 (fixed effects hazard ratio, HRfixed = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (95%CI):0.66,0.91; p values = 0.002); rs12910509, HRfixed = 0.76; 95%CI:0.64,0.91; p values = 0.003); and rs8041922 (HRfixed = 0.76; 95%CI:0.64,0.91; p values = 0.002). These SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other. In ALDH1B1, rs10973794 (HRfixed = 1.43; 95%CI:1.14,1.79; p values = 0.002) was associated with prostate cancer mortality in men with low-grade prostate cancer. These results suggest that alcohol consumption is unlikely to affect prostate cancer incidence, but it may influence disease progression.
Published: 2017

44. Height, selected genetic markers and prostate cancer risk: results from the PRACTICAL consortium

Author: Lophatananon, A, Stewart-Brown, S, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Garcia, SB, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Giles, GG, Fitzgerald, LM, Southey, MC, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Aly, M, Stanford, JL, Brenner, H, Dieffenbach, AK, Arndt, V, Park, JY, Lin, H-Y, Sellers, T, Slavov, C, Kaneva, R, Mitev, V, Batra, J, Spurdle, A, Clements, JA, Easton, D, Eeles, RA, Muir, K, Lophatananon, A, Stewart-Brown, S, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Garcia, SB, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Giles, GG, Fitzgerald, LM, Southey, MC, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Aly, M, Stanford, JL, Brenner, H, Dieffenbach, AK, Arndt, V, Park, JY, Lin, H-Y, Sellers, T, Slavov, C, Kaneva, R, Mitev, V, Batra, J, Spurdle, A, Clements, JA, Easton, D, Eeles, RA, and Muir, K
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence on height and prostate cancer risk is mixed, however, recent studies with large data sets support a possible role for its association with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer. METHODS: We analysed data from the PRACTICAL consortium consisting of 6207 prostate cancer cases and 6016 controls and a subset of high grade cases (2480 cases). We explored height, polymorphisms in genes related to growth processes as main effects and their possible interactions. RESULTS: The results suggest that height is associated with high-grade prostate cancer risk. Men with height >180 cm are at a 22% increased risk as compared to men with height <173 cm (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.48). Genetic variants in the growth pathway gene showed an association with prostate cancer risk. The aggregate scores of the selected variants identified a significantly increased risk of overall prostate cancer and high-grade prostate cancer by 13% and 15%, respectively, in the highest score group as compared to lowest score group. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of gene-environment interaction between height and the selected candidate SNPs.Our findings suggest a role of height in high-grade prostate cancer. The effect of genetic variants in the genes related to growth is seen in all cases and high-grade prostate cancer. There is no interaction between these two exposures.
Published: 2017

45. Assessing the role of insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization:Genetic variants as instruments for circulating levels

Author: Bonilla, C, Lewis, SJ, Rowlands, MA, Gaunt, TR, Davey Smith, G, Gunnell, D, Palmer, T, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, F, Neal, DE, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Grönberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, KT, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Lathrop, M, Martin, RM, and Holly, JM
Subjects: Male, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, PRACTICAL, insulin‐like growth factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms, Somatomedins, insulin-like growth factors, Mendelian randomization, Journal Article, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prostatic Neoplasms, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, ALSPAC, prostate cancer, United Kingdom, UKHLS, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins, IGFBP3, Case-Control Studies, ProtecT, Neoplasm Grading, Cancer Epidemiology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Circulating insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are associated with prostate cancer. Using genetic variants as instruments for IGF peptides, we investigated whether these associations are likely to be causal. We identified from the literature 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF axis previously associated with biomarker levels (8 from a genome‐wide association study [GWAS] and 48 in reported candidate genes). In ∼700 men without prostate cancer and two replication cohorts (N ∼ 900 and ∼9,000), we examined the properties of these SNPS as instrumental variables (IVs) for IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐3. Those confirmed as strong IVs were tested for association with prostate cancer risk, low (< 7) vs. high (≥ 7) Gleason grade, localised vs. advanced stage, and mortality, in 22,936 controls and 22,992 cases. IV analysis was used in an attempt to estimate the causal effect of circulating IGF peptides on prostate cancer. Published SNPs in the IGFBP1/IGFBP3 gene region, particularly rs11977526, were strong instruments for IGF‐II and IGFBP‐3, less so for IGF‐I. Rs11977526 was associated with high (vs. low) Gleason grade (OR per IGF‐II/IGFBP‐3 level‐raising allele 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). Using rs11977526 as an IV we estimated the causal effect of a one SD increase in IGF‐II (∼265 ng/mL) on risk of high vs. low grade disease as 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Because of the potential for pleiotropy of the genetic instruments, these findings can only causally implicate the IGF pathway in general, not any one specific biomarker., What's New? Circulating insulin‐like growth factors (IGF) and their binding proteins have been associated with prostate cancer risk in observational epidemiological studies but it is not clear whether there is a causal relationship with disease. To address this question, the authors used Mendelian randomization, a method that uses genetic variants as proxies for measured exposures. Their results implicate the IGF pathway in general in prostate cancer development but specific biomarkers remain to be determined.
Published: 2016

46. Gene and pathway level analyses of germline DNA-repair gene variants and prostate cancer susceptibility using the iCOGS-genotyping array

Author: Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Leongamornlert, DA, Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Grönberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Neal, D, Pasayan, N, Khaw, KT, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, SN, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, JY, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Govindasami, K, Muir, K, Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators, UK, ProtecT Study Collaborators, UK, Consortium, PRACTICAL, Easton, DF, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Male, Risk, DNA Repair, Genotype, BRCA1 Protein, Genes, BRCA2, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cell Cycle Proteins, DNA, urologic and male genital diseases, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, DNA-Binding Proteins, DNA Repair Enzymes, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Prospective Studies, Germ-Line Mutation, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Germline mutations within DNA-repair genes are implicated in susceptibility to multiple forms of cancer. For prostate cancer (PrCa), rare mutations in BRCA2 and BRCA1 give rise to moderately elevated risk, whereas two of ∼100 common, low-penetrance PrCa susceptibility variants identified so far by genome-wide association studies implicate RAD51B and RAD23B. METHODS: Genotype data from the iCOGS array were imputed to the 1000 genomes phase 3 reference panel for 21 780 PrCa cases and 21 727 controls from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium. We subsequently performed single variant, gene and pathway-level analyses using 81 303 SNPs within 20 Kb of a panel of 179 DNA-repair genes. RESULTS: Single SNP analyses identified only the previously reported association with RAD51B. Gene-level analyses using the SKAT-C test from the SNP-set (Sequence) Kernel Association Test (SKAT) identified a significant association with PrCa for MSH5. Pathway-level analyses suggested a possible role for the translesion synthesis pathway in PrCa risk and Homologous recombination/Fanconi Anaemia pathway for PrCa aggressiveness, even though after adjustment for multiple testing these did not remain significant. CONCLUSIONS: MSH5 is a novel candidate gene warranting additional follow-up as a prospective PrCa-risk locus. MSH5 has previously been reported as a pleiotropic susceptibility locus for lung, colorectal and serous ovarian cancers.
Published: 2016

47. Atlas of prostate cancer heritability in European and African-American men pinpoints tissue-specific regulation

Author: Gusev, A, Shi, H, Kichaev, G, Pomerantz, M, Li, F, Long, HW, Ingles, SA, Kittles, RA, Strom, SS, Rybicki, BA, Nemesure, B, Isaacs, WB, Zheng, W, Pettaway, CA, Yeboah, ED, Tettey, Y, Biritwum, RB, Adjei, AA, Tay, E, Truelove, A, Niwa, S, Chokkalingam, AP, John, EM, Murphy, AB, Signorello, LB, Carpten, J, Leske, MC, Wu, S-Y, Hennis, AJM, Neslund-Dudas, C, Hsing, AW, Chu, L, Goodman, PJ, Klein, EA, Witte, JS, Casey, G, Kaggwa, S, Cook, MB, Stram, DO, Blot, WJ, Eeles, RA, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, Fitzgerald, LM, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Aly, M, Henderson, BE, Schleutker, J, Wahlfors, T, Tammela, TLJ, Nordestgaard, BG, Key, TJ, Travis, RC, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, Maier, C, Vogel, W, Luedeke, M, Herkommer, K, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Kluzniak, W, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, C, Brenner, H, Dieffenbach, AK, Arndt, V, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Slavov, C, Kaneva, R, Mitev, V, Batra, J, Spurdle, A, Clements, JA, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Michael, A, Paulo, P, Maia, S, Kierzek, A, Conti, DV, Albanes, D, Berg, C, Berndt, SI, Campa, D, Crawford, ED, Diver, WR, Gapstur, SM, Gaziano, JM, Giovannucci, E, Hoover, R, Hunter, DJ, Johansson, M, Kraft, P, Le Marchand, L, Lindstrom, S, Navarro, C, Overvad, K, Riboli, E, Siddiq, A, Stevens, VL, Trichopoulos, D, Vineis, P, Yeager, M, Trynka, G, Raychaudhuri, S, Schumacher, FR, Price, AL, Freedman, ML, Haiman, CA, Pasaniuc, B, Cook, M, Guy, M, Govindasami, K, Leongamornlert, D, Sawyer, EJ, Wilkinson, R, Saunders, EJ, Tymrakiewicz, M, Dadaev, T, Morgan, A, Fisher, C, Hazel, S, Livni, N, Lophatananon, A, Pedersen, J, Hopper, JL, Adolfson, J, Stattin, P, Johansson, J-E, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Karlsson, A, Broms, M, Auvinen, A, Kujala, P, Maeaettaenen, L, Murtola, T, Taari, K, Weischer, M, Nielsen, SF, Klarskov, P, Roder, A, Iversen, P, Wallinder, H, Gustafsson, S, Cox, A, Brown, P, George, A, Marsden, G, Lane, A, Davis, M, Tillmans, L, Riska, S, Wang, L, Rinckleb, A, Lubiski, J, Stegmaier, C, Pow-Sang, J, Park, H, Radlein, S, Rincon, M, Haley, J, Zachariah, B, Kachakova, D, Popov, E, Mitkova, A, Vlahova, A, Dikov, T, Christova, S, Heathcote, P, Wood, G, Malone, G, Saunders, P, Eckert, A, Yeadon, T, Kerr, K, Collins, A, Turner, M, Srinivasan, S, Kedda, M-A, Alexander, K, Omara, T, Wu, H, Henrique, R, Pinto, P, Santos, J, Barros-Silva, J, and Consortium, PRACTICAL
Subjects: urologic and male genital diseases
Abstract: Although genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 risk loci that explain ~33% of familial risk for prostate cancer (PrCa), their functional effects on risk remain largely unknown. Here we use genotype data from 59,089 men of European and African American ancestries combined with cell-type-specific epigenetic data to build a genomic atlas of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability in PrCa. We find significant differences in heritability between variants in prostate-relevant epigenetic marks defined in normal versus tumour tissue as well as between tissue and cell lines. The majority of SNP heritability lies in regions marked by H3k27 acetylation in prostate adenoc7arcinoma cell line (LNCaP) or by DNaseI hypersensitive sites in cancer cell lines. We find a high degree of similarity between European and African American ancestries suggesting a similar genetic architecture from common variation underlying PrCa risk. Our findings showcase the power of integrating functional annotation with genetic data to understand the genetic basis of PrCa.
Published: 2016

48. Two susceptibility loci identified for prostate cancer aggressiveness

Author: Berndt, Si, Wang, Z, Yeager, M, Alavanja, Mc, Albanes, D, Amundadottir, L, Andriole, G, Beane Freeman, L, Campa, D, Cancel-Tassin, G, Canzian, F, Cornu, Jn, Cussenot, O, Diver, Wr, Gapstur, Sm, Grönberg, H, Haiman, Ca, Henderson, B, Hutchinson, A, Hunter, Dj, Key, Tj, Kolb, S, Koutros, S, Kraft, P, Le Marchand, L, Lindström, S, Machiela, Mj, Ostrander, Ea, Riboli, E, Schumacher, F, Siddiq, A, Stanford, Jl, Stevens, Vl, Travis, Rc, Tsilidis, Kk, Virtamo, J, Weinstein, S, Wilkund, F, Xu, J, Lilly Zheng, S, Yu, K, Wheeler, W, Zhang, H, African, Ancestry Prostate Cancer GWAS Consortium, Sampson, J, Black, A, Jacobs, K, Hoover, Rn, Tucker, M, Chanock, Sj. Ingles SA, Kittles, Ra, Strom, Ss, Rybicki, Ba, Nemesure, B, Isaacs, Wb, Zheng, W, Pettaway, Ca, Yeboah, Ed, Tettey, Y, Biritwum, Rb, Adjei, Aa, Tay, E, Truelove, A, Niwa, S, Chokkalingam, Ap, John, Em, Murphy, Ab, Signorello, Lb, Carpten, J, Leske, Mc, Wu, Sy, Hennis, Aj, Neslund-Dudas, C, Hsing, Aw, Chu, L, Goodman, Pj, Klein, Ea, Witte, Js, Casey, G, Kaggwa, S, Cook, Mb, Stram, Do, and Blot, Wj.
Subjects: Oncology, Male, Aging, GLEASON SCORE, LINKAGE SCAN, General Physics and Astronomy, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Bioinformatics, Prostate cancer, SEQUENCE VARIANTS, Medicine, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN, Aetiology, POPULATION, Cancer, RISK, education.field_of_study, African Ancestry Prostate Cancer GWAS Consortium, Multidisciplinary, Prostate Cancer, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Urologic Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, BASE-LINE CHARACTERISTICS, COHORT, METAANALYSIS, Internal medicine, Genetics, SNP, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, Pathological, Science & Technology, business.industry, Vascular disease, Prevention, Human Genome, Case-control study, Prostatic Neoplasms, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Neoplasm Grading, business
Abstract: Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer will experience indolent disease; hence, discovering genetic variants that distinguish aggressive from nonaggressive prostate cancer is of critical clinical importance for disease prevention and treatment. In a multistage, case-only genome-wide association study of 12,518 prostate cancer cases, we identify two loci associated with Gleason score, a pathological measure of disease aggressiveness: rs35148638 at 5q14.3 (RASA1, P=6.49 × 10(-9)) and rs78943174 at 3q26.31 (NAALADL2, P=4.18 × 10(-8)). In a stratified case-control analysis, the SNP at 5q14.3 appears specific for aggressive prostate cancer (P=8.85 × 10(-5)) with no association for nonaggressive prostate cancer compared with controls (P=0.57). The proximity of these loci to genes involved in vascular disease suggests potential biological mechanisms worthy of further investigation.
Published: 2015

49. Pubertal development and prostate cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study in a population-based cohort

Author: Bonilla, C, Lewis, SJ, Martin, RM, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Neal, DE, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, KT, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Lathrop, M, Smith, GD, Cook, M, Morga, A, Lophatananon, A, Fisher, C, Leongamornlert, D, Saunders, EJ, Sawyer, EJ, Govindasami, K, Tymrakiewicz, M, Guy, M, Livni, N, Wilkinson, R, Jugurnauth-Little, S, Hazel, S, Dadaev, T, Southey, MC, Fitzgerald, LM, Pedersen, J, Hopper, J, Karlsson, A, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Johansson, JE, Adolfson, J, Aly, M, Broms, M, Stattin, P, Henderson, BE, Schumacher, F, Auvinen, A, Taari, K, Maeaettaenen, L, Kujala, P, Murtola, T, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Roder, MA, Iversen, P, Klarskov, P, Nielsen, SF, Weischer, M, Bonilla, C, Lewis, SJ, Martin, RM, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Neal, DE, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Gronberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, KT, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Lathrop, M, Smith, GD, Cook, M, Morga, A, Lophatananon, A, Fisher, C, Leongamornlert, D, Saunders, EJ, Sawyer, EJ, Govindasami, K, Tymrakiewicz, M, Guy, M, Livni, N, Wilkinson, R, Jugurnauth-Little, S, Hazel, S, Dadaev, T, Southey, MC, Fitzgerald, LM, Pedersen, J, Hopper, J, Karlsson, A, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Johansson, JE, Adolfson, J, Aly, M, Broms, M, Stattin, P, Henderson, BE, Schumacher, F, Auvinen, A, Taari, K, Maeaettaenen, L, Kujala, P, Murtola, T, Tammela, TLJ, Sipeky, C, Roder, MA, Iversen, P, Klarskov, P, Nielsen, SF, and Weischer, M
Abstract: © 2016 Bonilla et al. Background: Epidemiological studies have observed a positive association between an earlier age at sexual development and prostate cancer, but markers of sexual maturation in boys are imprecise and observational estimates are likely to suffer from a degree of uncontrolled confounding. To obtain causal estimates, we examined the role of pubertal development in prostate cancer using genetic polymorphisms associated with Tanner stage in adolescent boys in a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: We derived a weighted genetic risk score for pubertal development, combining 13 SNPs associated with male Tanner stage. A higher score indicated a later puberty onset. We examined the association of this score with prostate cancer risk, stage and grade in the UK-based ProtecT case-control study (n = 2,927), and used the PRACTICAL consortium (n = 43,737) as a replication sample. Results: In ProtecT, the puberty genetic score was inversely associated with prostate cancer grade (odds ratio (OR) of high- vs. low-grade cancer, per tertile of the score: 0.76; 95 % CI, 0.64-0.89). In an instrumental variable estimation of the causal OR, later physical development in adolescence (equivalent to a difference of one Tanner stage between pubertal boys of the same age) was associated with a 77 % (95 % CI, 43-91 %) reduced odds of high Gleason prostate cancer. In PRACTICAL, the puberty genetic score was associated with prostate cancer stage (OR of advanced vs. localized cancer, per tertile: 0.95; 95 % CI, 0.91-1.00) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio amongst cases, per tertile: 0.94; 95 % CI, 0.90-0.98), but not with disease grade. Conclusions: Older age at sexual maturation is causally linked to a reduced risk of later prostate cancer, especially aggressive disease.
Published: 2016

50. Assessing the role of insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization: Genetic variants as instruments for circulating levels

Author: Bonilla, C, Lewis, SJ, Rowlands, M-A, Gaunt, TR, Smith, GD, Gunnell, D, Palmer, T, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Neal, DE, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Groenberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Lathrop, M, Martin, RM, Holly, JMP, Bonilla, C, Lewis, SJ, Rowlands, M-A, Gaunt, TR, Smith, GD, Gunnell, D, Palmer, T, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Neal, DE, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Groenberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Lathrop, M, Martin, RM, and Holly, JMP
Abstract: Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are associated with prostate cancer. Using genetic variants as instruments for IGF peptides, we investigated whether these associations are likely to be causal. We identified from the literature 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF axis previously associated with biomarker levels (8 from a genome-wide association study [GWAS] and 48 in reported candidate genes). In ∼700 men without prostate cancer and two replication cohorts (N ∼ 900 and ∼9,000), we examined the properties of these SNPS as instrumental variables (IVs) for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. Those confirmed as strong IVs were tested for association with prostate cancer risk, low (< 7) vs. high (≥ 7) Gleason grade, localised vs. advanced stage, and mortality, in 22,936 controls and 22,992 cases. IV analysis was used in an attempt to estimate the causal effect of circulating IGF peptides on prostate cancer. Published SNPs in the IGFBP1/IGFBP3 gene region, particularly rs11977526, were strong instruments for IGF-II and IGFBP-3, less so for IGF-I. Rs11977526 was associated with high (vs. low) Gleason grade (OR per IGF-II/IGFBP-3 level-raising allele 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). Using rs11977526 as an IV we estimated the causal effect of a one SD increase in IGF-II (∼265 ng/mL) on risk of high vs. low grade disease as 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Because of the potential for pleiotropy of the genetic instruments, these findings can only causally implicate the IGF pathway in general, not any one specific biomarker.
Published: 2016

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