Search

Palladium-bismuth nanoparticles were supported into strongly basic anion-exchange resin of gel-type and tested as catalysts for the selective oxidation of glycerol with molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Detailed study of the precursors preparation and reduction were undertaken. The catalyst 3%Pd-1%Bi where the bismuth was deposited on the palladium particles (3.4 nm) exhibited at 95% glycerol conversion more than 63% yield toward glyceric acid and tartronic acid after 3 h of reaction. The catalyst maintains practically similar catalytic performance as in fresh state for at least five consecutive catalytic cycles without extra catalyst treatment and reactivation.

The oxidation of cyclohexylamine with molecular oxygen over a heterogeneous catalyst is an attractive one-step route to prepare a commercially important cyclohexanone oxime. The effect of the reaction conditions on the conversion of cyclohexylamine during its oxidation by molecular oxygen and on the selectivity of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanone oxime formation was investigated over heterogeneous catalysts (alumina and alumina supported silicotungstic acid). The present work is aimed at the enhancement of the cyclohexanone oxime yield, for which the optimized conditions were found as: reaction temperature of 180 °C, LHSV of cyclohexylamine 1 ml g−1 h−1, oxidant 33 % O2 in nitrogen with a total GHSV of 24 ml min−1. Cyclohexanone, formed from cyclohexylamine, reacts with cyclohexylamine to N-cyclohexylidenecyclohexylamine, their Schiff base. The most intense formation of cyclohexanone was observed in the initial period of the catalytic tests. Carbonaceous deposits, responsible for the catalyst deactivation, are formed mainly from the Schiff base; their amount increases by time on stream, and the rate of their formation correlates with the concentration of oxygen in the reaction mixture, as well as with the formation rate of cyclohexanone and the Schiff base. Injection of water to the reactant stream prolongs the catalyst lifetime and reduces the tar formation. However, it deteriorates the catalyst´s activity and selectivity. The supposed mechanism of cyclohexylamine oxidation is discussed.

Amines were oxidized by molecular oxygen in the vapor phase at atmospheric pressure over alumina and silicotungstic acid/alumina catalysts. The study is focused on the influence of structure of amine and catalyst properties on the composition of the main reaction products and byproducts. Coating of γ-Al2O3 with silicotungstic acid or its semisalt can significantly enhance its catalytic activity in amine oxidation. The adsorption of amine on weak acidic sites of catalyst is essential for its oxidation to main reaction products. Cycloalkylamines are oxidized mainly to cyclic oximes (selectivity up to 64%) and Schiff bases of appropriate cycloalkanone and cycloalkylamine (selectivity up to 38%). Mainly nitriles (selectivity up to 55%) and appropriate Schiff bases (selectivity up to 54%) were observed in the oxidation products of primary alkylamines. Their molar ratio depends on the catalyst acidity and reaction conditions. 1,6-Hexanediamine is oxidized mainly to caprolactam (yield 48%) and other cyclic lactames and Schiff bases as well as to dinitrile (yield 13%).