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Economic theory and practice are not acquainted with any unique set of macroeconomic factors that affect real estate prices. The very complexity of this phenomenon relativizes any attempt to establish an unchanged list of macroeconomic factors in BiH. The aim of the research in this paper is to analyze the impact of selected macroeconomic indicators on real estate prices in BiH, in the period from 2007 to 2019. Out of numerous macroeconomic factors that affect real estate prices (real estate prices are viewed as: the value of construction works done and as the value of new dwellings - new construction), 12 macroeconomic factors were singled out: nominal gross domestic product, real GDP growth rate, industrial production growth rate, GDP per capita, average net wages, imports and exports, household deposits in commercial banks, interest rate (housing loans, annual, %), loans to households, household final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation and government final consumption expenditure. Starting from the hypothesis that macroeconomic factors affect real estate prices, it has been concluded that the selected factors significantly determine real estate prices and that most of the predictor variables defined in the model are significant, in terms of impact on the movement of GDP and real estate prices in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period analyzed. The greatest impact on real estate prices is by household final consumption expenditure, GDP per capita, nominal GDP, interest rate, household deposits and real GDP growth rate. The research used factor analysis (reduction of macroeconomic factors to the optimal number of factors that explain the analyzed phenomenon and its impact on real estate prices) and an extended multiple linear regression model with a statistical software program SPSS, version 21. Modeling the impact of macroeconomic factors on real estate prices has macroeconomic effects and benefits for the country and contributes to the growth and well-being of operators in the real estate market.

Artificial propagation and stocking of brown trout is a standard practice in recreational fishery management. In recent decades, the importance of maintaining intraspecific diversity and protecting locally adapted lineages has been recognized for the species' long-term survival. The first step in selecting donors for stocking involves distinguishing native trout from non-native and introgressed individuals. The established method for discerning Atlantic hatchery strains from the wild populations involves genetic screening of individual diagnostic SNPs and microsatellite assignment tests. This study, using Serbia's Panjica hatchery as an example, illustrates the proper conduct of routine genetic screening for identifying suitable donors for supportive stocking. The broodstock and reference populations were screened using mtDNA control region, LDH nuclear gene, and 12 microsatellite loci to assess the origin, diversity, and inbreeding levels. The analysis revealed only moderate contamination with Atlantic trout and showed the regional origin of the Danubian genes – over 50% of the broodstock was composed of non-introgressed Danubian individuals tracing their origin to the Zapadna Morava River system. Additionally, the study highlighted a considerable discordance between LDH locus and microsatellites in identifying introgressed individuals, raising concerns about the sole reliance on LDH locus for the identification of Atlantic genetic origin in nuclear DNA.

Compounds used in the fashion industry effect the water bodies in the vicinity of textile factories, resulting in the visible coloration of surface water. Fe-doped graphite-based in house prepared electrodes were used in the Fenton- -like degradation of Reactive Blue 52 (RB52). The electrodes consisting of high-density graphite in three granulation sizes and three levels of Fe content were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of Fe in the electrodes and H2O2 concentration in synthetic textile wastewater were optimized. Additionally, the size of graphite grains was varied to investigate whether it effects the degradation rate. Under only 10 min of electro-Fenton degradation, a system with 10 mmol dm-3 of H2O2 and an electrode made of 7 % of Fe and 70 μm of granulation size of graphite, degraded over 75 % of RB52, and over 99 % after 40 min of treatment. The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach could be beneficial in the field of novel materials for environmental application and that in house prepared carbon could be an excellent replacement for commercially available supports.

The paper presents the results of the research into the use of genitive without prepositions in the spoken language of young people from Vranje. The aim of this paper is to determine which case forms, due to the presence of analytism and exposure to the standard language, are used by the youth from Vranje to express the semantics of standard genitive without prepositions. The speech of forty preschool and primary school children from Vranje was analyzed. The corpus material used for this paper consists of transcripts of spontaneous conversations that the author conducted with the participants. The analysis includes all examples in which the semantic values of genitive without prepositions are realized by various morphosyntactic structures, in adnominal and adverbial positions. Genitive without prepositions can be used in five different positions: with the noun (1), with the adjective (2), with the quantifier (3), with the demonstrative particle (4), and with the verb (5). This approach allowed us to understand the competitive relationship between analytical and synthetic case forms and their respective positions. The rich semantic potential of the genitive without prepositions, which is expressed by different case structures, was observed in the speech of young people from Vranje. A notable type of expression that is worth mentioning is the prepositionless general case and an analytical structure containing a general case and preposition. Nevertheless, the stability of the abovementioned case structures is affected by the use of genitive without prepositions in nearly all semantic categories, as a result of the influence of the standard language. Within the system of morphosyntactic forms used to express genitive meanings, genitive without prepositions is used as a competitive form to the general case form (‘centar Beograd’), the analytical construction (‘najviši vrh na Balkansko poluostrvo’) and prepositional case construction with prepositions od and iz (‘od moje bake brat’, ‘nastavnik iz istorije’). Moreover, it has a strong foothold in frequently used phrases, terms used in school, administration, names of institutions, holidays, TV shows (‘Hram Svetog Save’, ‘Dani Vranja’, ‘Zvezde granda’, ‘čas razrednog starešine’), as well as in temporal structures used as idiomatic adverbial phrases (‘sledeće godine, prošle nedelje, svakog vikenda’). As for the position of the genitive without prepositions, the analysis has shown that its position significantly affects the genitive structure. Namely, genitive without prepositions is more easily used in the adnominal position, with the noun and quantifier. On the other hand, the adjective, the demonstrative particle, and the verb that requires a complement in the form of an object, as well as the verb (not) to have used in the sense of ‘to exist’, completely or partially prevent the use of genitive without prepositions. The research findings indicate that it is possible to restructure the analytical declension system of the vernacular of Vranje in the direction of synthetic forms, under the influence of the language standard.

Wine is a very rich source of polyphenols and essential elements which have multiple biological activities. This study evaluates the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) of sixteen wine samples made from different grape varieties in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, mostly from the area of Orahovac and Velika Hoča. The obtained results, determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, showed that wines from territory of Kosovo and Metohija are rich in polyphenols, with TPC ranges from 276±16 to 371±46 (white wines) and 1467±32 to 2823±43 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/L (red wines). The total antioxidant activities, determined by ABTS method, range from 8.7±0.4 to 22.8±0.7 mmol trolox equivalents TE/L for red wines and from 1.3±0.1 to 3.8±0.3 mmol TE/L for white wines. Elemental content of studied wines showed certain difference between wines from nearby regions.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between environmental facilities as risk factors and crime. Police data of property and violent criminal offences registered during 2018 in the city of Niš, Republic of Serbia, has been geocoded. Grid cells of 100 by 100 meters were designed as spatial units for the analysis, and geoinformation data of 12 different facilities were extracted from GIS. The negative binomial regression model was constructed to investigate crime risky facilities. The crime is mostly related to facilities as banks and exchange offices, bus stops, gyms and recreational centers. On the other hand, cafes, nightclubs, and big shopping centers were not significantly associated with crime. Finally, limitations, practical and theoretical usage of the research are discussed.

This paper discusses the analytical declension of nouns as one of the most distinctive Balkan's features in the speeches of Prizren - Timok dialectic areas. First the basic mechanisms of analyticalism were described, and then, based on the material from existing literature of the speeches of this dialectic area, it's been determined how much analyticalism in these speeches is fully implemented or which case forms show the greatest and which ones the least stability before the analyticalism rush. The conducted analysis indicates to the stability but also to the inconsistency of analyticalism in the analyzed speeches. The rush of analyticalism is largely resisted by the dative, and by the smallest instrumental Also, it is determined that in the analyzed speeches the loss of case forms does not have the same proportion - the analytical declension is more stable in the speeches of southeastern Serbia than in the South Morava's speeches in Kosovo and Metohija.

This review paper shows the progress made in the last five years in electrochemical methods applied for the purpose of detection and quantification of pesticides - nowadays the most serious pollutants of the environment. Most pesticides can be successfully analyzed by chromatographic techniques, but because of high prices and immobility of the apparatus, the complexity of the method and the necessary special preparation of the sample s, electrochemical methods have been recognized as an excellent alternative solution due to their advantages in speed, economy, simplicity and no exhaustive sample preparation. As the main limitation for use of this methods is electrochemical inactivity of many pesticides, this paper gives the essence of all elctroanalytical methods for pesticide quantification applied in last period, with an overview of the electrode materials and modifiers applied in a purpose to enhance analytical procedures application and characteristics of electrochemical sensors.

Many countries have embarked on creating standards of teacher competencies with the ultimate goal of improving teaching in their schools. The aim of this paper is to compare Standards of teacher competencies in Serbia with those in countries/regions which perform well on PISA (Australia, Singapore, Ontario, Estonia, the Netherlands and Slovenia) in order to highlight important similarities and differences which potentially account for teacher quality in those countries, as well as inform policymakers in Serbia on how to reformulate standards of teacher competencies and, consequently, improve teacher quality and pupil outcomes. The criteria on which sets of standards in different countries are compared are: development of standards (who and how developed the standards), content of standards (subject knowledge, didactics, etc.), differentiation of standards (existence of separate sets of competencies for novice teachers, experienced teachers, etc.), purpose of standards (teacher certification, performance monitoring, career progression, accreditation of teacher education providers, etc.), and context in which the standards operate (whether they are a part of a larger framework of standards and educational practices or not). Several important differences exist between the Standards of teacher competencies in Serbia and selected countries, the greatest being the much higher level of utilisation of standards in various segments of teacher professional lives in those countries than in Serbia. Recommendations for the improvement of standards of teacher competencies in Serbia are drawn. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 179034: From Encouraging Initiative, Cooperationand Creativity in Education to New Roles and Identities in Society and Grant no. 47008: Improving the Quality and Accessibility of Education in Modernization Processes in Serbia]

The aim of the paper is to make a forecast of apple production in Bosnia and Herzegovina until 2020. The subject of the research is analysis of production trends in the apple production, namely the number of trees, the total quantity of production and the yield per tree. The analysis covers historical data in the period from 2006 to 2015, and forecasting parameters for the next five years. To interpret the status of apple production, statistical indicators such as arithmetic mean value, interval variation, coefficient of variation, and rate of change have been used. Furthermore, statistical trends have been used for the projections of development of apple production. In order to eliminate the influence of extreme weather conditions in 2012 and 2014, corrections were made of the achieved yield data by calculating the average based on the previous and the following year. Afterwards, the projections have been made in two scenarios, both original and corrected data.

The European Union is the most complex and by any aspect the most unique example of a regional economic integration. Its origin, evolution and survival are based on a common legislative and institutional framework. The so-called common policies implemented in a number of economic and non-economic areas are particularly distinctive. Most of them are implemented on two levels: national and communal. The only common policy that is fully implemented at the European Union level is the Community Agrarian Policy (CAP), whereas the agriculture has the highest expenditure in the communal budget. The function of CAP is primarily economic as its goals are strictly related to economic issues: price stability of agricultural products, productivity growth, higher wages for the farmers, etc. The CAP strengthens the Union’s social cohesion, which is of utmost importance in times of constant crises, BREXIT and other extreme instabilities. For this reason, the CAP has been in the processes of continuous reforms (MacShary, Mansholt and those of recent times) for decades, in order to increase its efficiency and justify enormous financial investments. The CAP results depend on the achievement of preset objectives and the exchange of agricultural products and food that the European Union generates globally. It has been demonstrated that the CAP is a significant common policy, both in achieving economic goals and in the sphere of strengthening communal cohesion.

A new Ru(II) bipyridyl complex with O4-hydrogenpyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate was synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis and elemental analysis. The electrochemical characteristics of the complex were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, revealing Ru(II)/Ru(III) electron transfer in the positive range of potentials. On the opposite potential side, multiple partially reversible peaks were dominant, representing subsequent reductions of the bulky bipyridyl moiety. The cytotoxic activity of the complex was tested in two human cancer cell lines: A549 (lung cancer) and K562 (leukemia) as well as non-tumor MRC-5 cells, by MTT assays. The IC50 values were > 300 and 177.63±2.28 μM for the A549 and K562 cells, respectively. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 172035]

Redox properties of a set of aryldiketo acids (ADKs), small organic molecules that comprise 2,4-dioxobutanoic acid moiety, were studied. Along with well-known HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibition, ADKs exert widespread biological activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of aryl substitutions on the properties of the dioxobutanoic moiety that is involved in key interactions with metal ions within the active sites of target enzymes. The effect of pH on the electronic properties of nine congeners was examined using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse polarography. The compounds were chosen as a simple set of congeners bearing Me-groups on the phenyl ring, which should not be involved in electrochemical reactions, leaving the diketo moiety as the sole electrophore. The substitution pattern was systematically varied, yielding a set having different torsion between the phenyl ring and the aryl keto group (Ar–C(O)). The protonation state of the ADKs at different pH values was determined from the experimentally obtained pKa values. The results showed that an equal number of protons and electrons were involved in the oxidation and reduction reactions at the surface of the electrode. Quantitative linear correlations were found between the reduction potentials and the energies of the frontier orbitals, calculated for neutral, mono-anionic and the corresponding radical anionic species, and the steric parameter as two independent variables. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 172035]

How much of genetic diversity is desirable in mass production of forest reproductive material? How mass production of forest reproductive material reduces genetic diversity? Relation between genetic diversity and mass production of forest reproductive material is discussed in a holistic manner. In industrial forest plantations, narrow genetic diversity is desirable and reproductive material is produced at clone level. On the other hand, in conservation forestry a wide genetic diversity is imperative. Beside management goals, a desirable level of genetic diversity is related to rotation cycle and ontogeny of tree species. Risks of failure are lower in short rotations of fast growing species. In production of slow growing species, managed in long rotations, the reduction of genetic diversity increases the risk of failure due to causes unknown or unexpected at the time of planting. This risk is additionally increased in cases of seed transfer and in conditions of climate change. Every step in production of forest reproductive material, from collection to nursery production, has an effect on genetic diversity mainly by directional selection and should be considered. This review revealed no consistent decrease of genetic diversity during forest reproductive material production and planting.

Koviljski Rit is located along the left bank of the Danube River, between the villages of Kovilj and Gardinovci. It is a rare example of pristine nature, where the original features of a swamp biotope are preserved. Because of its exceptional natural value, Koviljski Rit, along with the swamp in Petrovaradin, has been under the protection of the Republic of Serbia since 1998, when it was proclaimed a Special Nature Reserve of the first category. Natural vegetation found in Koviljski Rit includes woodlands composed of willow and poplar. The majority of the reserve consists of forest plantations (55.6%), which include habitats influenced by human activities. Based on DCA (Detrended correspondence analysis) of forest vegetation in Koviljski Rit, there is a high degree of similarity between natural populations of white willow and stands of anthropogenic origin. However, in contrast, the same analysis indicates clear differences between natural and artificial poplar stands. Moreover, depending on whether they were planted in temporary or permanent flood plain habitats, significant differences are evident in the floristic structures of Euro-American poplar forests. Ecological conditions in habitats of white and Euro-American poplar (Populus x euroamericana/Dode/ Guinier) communities were found to be more similar with respect to illumination and soil humidity. However, more importantly, the anthropogenic forests recorded the lowest diversity as a result of regular thinning and measures implemented through forest management. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 43002: Biosensing technologies and global system for continuous research and integrated management of ecosystems and Grant, no. 31,041th: Forest plantations as a way to increase reforestation in Serbia]

Two different approaches, spectroscopic and electrochemical, were applied for rough determination of antioxidative potential of honey samples. Honey samples of diverse botanical origin were collected in different geographical regions in Serbia. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Cyclic voltammograms on a glassy carbon electrode in KCl supporting electrolyte were used to check electrode sensitivity to the presence of honey. In order to calculate Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) of studied honey, cyclic voltammograms were recorded for Trolox standard. The results were expressed as μmol of Trolox Equivalents per kg of sample (μmol TE kg-1). Good correlations were observed between cyclic voltammetry data and total phenolic content (TPC) determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and radical scavenging activity (RSA) determined using DPPH•(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) test. Cyclic voltammetry appears to be a highly attractive alternative method for rapid estimation of antioxidative potential of honeys. It was found that polyfloral honey samples had the highest, whereas acacia honey showed the lowest values of TPC. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 172017 i br. 172030]

This paper describes the process of waste flue gas desulphurization (FGD) formed in combustion [1] of brown coal from Ugljevik. For the purposes of development the technology of waste flue gas desulphurization (W) in coal combustion from Ugljevik, the experimental development of technology was approached in the laboratory conditions. For experimental work, an apparatus was designed for combustion the coal samples in a closed system with projected measuring points for measuring the composition of waste flue gases. The wet method was used for desulphurization FGD, i.e. the absorption of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the limestone suspension. The advantage of this desulphurization method is as follows: possession a large amount of raw material for S absorption, relative small investments to prepare the absorption suspension, very simple method of S absorption of EDC, verified in operation [2], high efficiency, obtaining a potentially useful by-product, possibility of application in large plants. .

This paper shows correlations between vessel characteristics and differences in growth-ring width in heartwood and sapwood. Analyzed samples were from an iron-wood tree (Gymnocladus canadensis Lam.) that grew in the Mužljanski Rit area, of the Srpska Crnja municipality in Serbia. According to previous research, it was deduced that Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. belongs to ring-porous species with big vessel lumen in the earlywood zone and thicker cell walls in the latewood. Vessels were more numerous in the latewood zone, and the same was true for heartwood and sapwood. For both layers, sapwood possessed a few more vessels than heartwood, and a statistically significant difference was confirmed by t-test during the early phase. The greatest negative value of correlation coefficient was between the number of vessels and growth-ring width during the early phase for sapwood. The number of vessels decreased in the wider growth rings. The correlation between growth-ring width and the area of vessels had a statistically significant positive value of correlative coefficient, which means that wider growth rings had larger vessel areas in the early phase for sapwood. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 31041]

This study was focused on determining the manganese (Mn) concentration in vegetative organs of 10 plant species (8 woody and 2 herbaceous), from four sites in the protected natural resource Kosmaj. The concentration of Mn was analyzed at the beginning of the vegetation period, during a two-year period (2012-2013). The results indicate a wide range of Mn concentrations, depending on site and plant species. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 31041: Establishment of Wood Plantations Intended for Afforestation of Serbia]

Open spaces within the preschools should be thoroughly planned during the design of the facilities. To children who use the services of preschools, these spaces make their stay interesting, and for that reason facilities in courtyards and green spaces should be carefully planned. These parameters of urbanism were taken into account when we looked at the open spaces in preschools on the territory of Niš. This paper includes analyses of all 20 preschools in the city of Niš, with the aim to draw attention to the situation in the region and the problems they face. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR36045]

Improving the quality of in-service teacher training is a very topical issue in educational policies of a number of countries. This segment of the system was also subject to considerable changes in Serbia in the past ten years. The changes brought about certain improvements, but also opened up numerous dilemmas and issues. This paper is aimed at acquiring an insight into the opinions of different participants on the ways of improving the quality of in-service teacher training. The sample included three groups of respondents: the employees in education bureaucracy and experts in the field of education (N=34), principals (N=50) and expert associates from primary schools (N=93). We developed a questionnaire for the purposes of this research, using open-ended questions to collect respondents’ suggestions on improving the quality of in-service teacher training. The content analysis method was used to process the collected data. Research results point to three directions of the necessary changes: (1) better governing of the system of in-service teacher training, (2) providing funding and other forms of support, and (3) higher flexibility of in-service teacher training and implementation of the acquired knowledge. The range and quality of respondents’ suggestions demonstrate the need to take into account different perspectives in overcoming the difficulties in the system and practice of in-service teacher training. Consequently, the obtained results should be observed as a contribution to creating a more purposeful and efficient system of in-service teacher training.

This paper represents the research associated with establishment of the methodological approach to reviving architecture designed for children’s upbringing and education, and consider new possible strategies for implementing eco-principles in the existing construction fund of preschool facilities in Serbia. Basic research problem is global state of resources, energy consumption and disrupted children comfort in preschool facilities. Research gives concrete proposals for future architectural praxis in Serbia in terms of eliminating the aforementioned problems. The aim of the research is to record and valorize practical measures for environmental, energy-efficient and economic reshaping in accordance with pre-set criteria, which will provide healthy, safe, comfortable, functional and progressive eco inner and outer environment of a child in preschool facility. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 036045: Revitalization of preschool facilities in Serbia - The program and methods of environmental, functional, and energy efficiency improvement]

This paper presents one part of the findings of a research that deals with teachers’ perceptions of educational reforms in Serbia. More specifically, the paper focuses on the segment of the research that was aimed at exploring teachers’ views on the ways of improving the system and practice of in-service teacher training. Pursuing this topic is very important since the findings of recent studies have shown that this aspect of education system needs considerable improvement, while the authors who deal with educational change point to the importance of consulting the teachers in the development of the new system solutions. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from 326 teachers from 125 Serbian primary schools. The teachers provided answers to open-ended questions on what needs to be done in order to improve the quality of their in-service training. Content analysis was used to process the data - response categories were created inductively on the basis of teachers’ answers, and then their frequency was established. The results indicate that, according to teachers, in-service teacher training has to be improved, primarily through increased funding, higher quality of programmes/seminars, diversification of types of training, as well as through creating a more encouraging system and school setting for in-service teacher training. These results are significant from the aspect of the in-service training system since they point to developmental priorities, as well as to the necessity of a more complex and comprehensive approach to the reform of this segment of education system. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 47008: Predstave o obrazovnim promenama u Srbiji - refleksije o prošlosti, vizije budućnosti čiju realizaciju finansira Švajcarska agencija za razvoj i saradnju, Unapređivanje kvaliteta i dostupnosti obrazovanja u procesima modernizacije Srbije i br. 179034: Od podsticanja inicijative, saradnje i stvaralaštva u obrazovanju do novih uloga i identiteta u društvu]

This paper presents a method for determination the trace contents of silver, copper, iron, palladium, zinc and platinum in refined gold samples. Simultaneous inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer with radial torch position and cross flow nebulizer was used for determination. In order to compare the different calibration strategies, two sets of calibration standards were prepared. The first set was based on matrix matched calibration standards and the second was prepared without the addition of matrix material. Detection limits for matrix matching calibrations were higher for some elements than those without matrix matching. In addition, the internal standardization method was applied and experiments indicated that indium was the best option as internal standard. The obtained results for gold sample by matrix matching and matrix free calibrations were compared with the obtained results by standard addition method. The accuracy of the methods was tested performing recovery test. Recoveries for spiked sample were in the range of 90-115 %. The accuracy of the methods was also tested by analysis of certified reference material of high pure goldAuGHP1. The best results were achieved by matrix free calibration and standard addition method using indium as internal standard at wavelength of 230 nm. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 34024: Development of Technologies for Recycling of Precious, Rare and Associated Metals from Solid Waste in Serbia to High Purity Products]

Starting from the attitude that in conceiving, designing and equipping of the areas where children stay, the areas’ quality becomes enriched, this paper treats the remodeling of the interior in the revitalization process of the existing preschool institutions. The issue was handled using the input of the critique and the studies of the psychological aspects of children’s stay in preschool institutions. The basic goal of the research is finding of a practical model of interior space renovation in the preschool facilities in Nis, as in a typical urban environment. The innovation potential was analyzed on proposed remodeling of the interior of kindergarten „Bajka". The conclusions from this research can be used as guidelines for remodeling of the interior of other kindergartens built in the same period. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 036045: Revitalization of preschool facilities in Serbia - The program and methods of environmental, functional, and energy efficiency improvement]

This paper presents the main results of the international study of students’ mathematics and science achievement TIMSS 2011. The focus is on presentation and discussion of the results achieved by Serbian students. In Serbia, this study was conducted in the fourth grade of primary school on a nationally representative sample of students - a total of 4379 students from 156 primary schools were tested, i.e. 219 classes. The average achievement of students from Serbia was 516 points in mathematics and in science, which in both cases represents achievement that is significantly higher than the center point of the TIMSS 4th grade scale. The paper also presents results according to content domains, differences in achievement between boys and girls, as well as students’ distribution according to international benchmarks. The results are observed from the view point of overlapping of the Serbian curricula and the TIMSS test. Overall, these results can be seen as encouraging indicators of the Serbian education system for the first education cycle, particularly if we bear in mind relatively poor performance of students in higher grades in Serbia which had been shown in various previous studies. Since TIMSS findings should primarily be used in planning the development of education, the concluding part discusses the importance of regular participation of Serbia in international studies of this kind, as well as the importance of greater involvement of domestic researchers in analysis of available international databases. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 47008: Vrednovanje postignuća učenika u matematici i prirodnim naukama - TIMSS 2011, Unapređivanje kvaliteta i dostupnosti obrazovanja u procesima modernizacije Srbije i br. 179034: Od podsticanja inicijative, saradnje i stvaralaštva u obrazovanju do novih uloga i identiteta u društvu]

Introduction. Chondrolipomas and osteolipomas are uncommon variants of lipomatous tumors. Case report. We presented a 60-year-old woman with ossifying chondrolipoma of the tongue. Clinical examination revealed a firm nodular mass, located in the midline of the posterior region on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Histologically, the lesion was well-delimited showing areas of mature adipocytes arranged in lobules and separated by fibrous connective tissue septa, islands of mature cartilaginous tissue and osseous metaplasia. Trabeculae of lamellar bone within a fibro-fatty background were visible throughout the tumor. The cartilaginous areas merging centrally with bone formation and fatty marrow tissue were present, as well as the hematopoietic elements in the fatty marrow. The bone forming was found to be through both membranous and enchondral mechanisms. Conclusion. Ossifying chrondrolipoma with hematopoietic elements is extremely unusual lesion. This interesting entity should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of lingual lesions.

The comparative analysis of platinum and its binary alloys (containing alloying elements up to 10 mass%) mechanical properties at high temperatures has been carried out. The goal of the analysis was to investigate new application possibilities for products based on platinum and platinum alloys, and to expand the existing database of platinum metals, originating from the RTB group, Serbia. Palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and gold were used as alloying elements. In order to examine the effect of alloying elements’ low concentrations on the high-temperature platinum durability, creep rate, rupture time, tensile strength and relative elongation at high temperatures, up to 1400 °C, were determined. In addition, changes in the structure of dislocations were tracked. The summary of investigation results led to conclusion that, of all the alloying elements used, the best influence on high-temperature platinum durability has rhodium.

This paper succesfully investigated the possibility of modification of the micropropagation protocol of Phalaenopsis sp. with an aim to simplify the procedure and reduce the costs. The obtained results show that some medium components can be succesfully omitted (coconut water, glutamine, 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) and some of them (peptone) can be replaced with a cheaper constituent (soy flour) while preserving the quality of the obtained microplants. The multiplication rate was 7,6 shoots per explant after the period of 150 days of cultivation in vitro. On the same medium 60% of explants were rooted and roots were mostly well developed.

Radiopharmaceuticals based on 90Y are widely used in the treatment of malignant deseases. In order to meet the requirements for their future application, a 90Sr/90Y generator was developed and 90Y eluted from this locally produced generator was used for the radiolabelling of the DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analog [DOTA0,Tyr3] octreotate and the preparation of [90Y-DOTA0,Tyr3] octreotate (90Y-DOTATATE) for peptide receptore radionuclide therapy. 90Sr/90Y generator was based on the electrochemical separation of 90Y from 90Sr in a two-cycle electrolysis procedure. Three electrode cells were used to perform both electrolyses. In both cycles, working electrodes were kept on constant potential. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 2.7 of the value before the electrolyses. The radionuclidic purity of the 90Y solution was analysed by ITLC and extraction paper chromatography. The labelling of peptide (100 mg DOTATATE) with 90YCl3 was performed at 95°C for 30 minutes. Radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC and chromatographic separation, using a solid SepPak C-18 column. Results obtained confirmed the efficiency of our electrochemical separation technique and quality control methods for 90Y. The achieved efficiency of the 90Sr/90Y generator above 96% of the theoretical value represents a good basis for the further development of this generator. The labelling of the DOTATATE with 90Y exhibited a high efficiency, too: there was less than 1% of 90Y3+in the 90Y-DOTATATE.

Housing facilities management is a term which has been evolving in its contemporary sense in the territory of Serbia since the mid 90’s of the previous century. Apart from such a long tradition, it encounters a problem of its insufficiently precise definition in the standing legal regulations, inexistence of an efficient system of implementation by the legally obliged persons, and the unsystematic character of regulations pertaining to this matter. Key deficiency of the existing norms is obvious in four main segments: routine maintenance, management in unforeseeable emergency situations, facility capital maintenance management and energy efficiency management. Until new acts have been adopted, many obligations of the facilities owners, which should be legal obligations that need to be implemented, represent only a moral obligation. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 36016]

Two new populations of the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) were discovered in the Sava River system, one in its middle part (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and the other in a tributary to the Kupa River (Croatia). The Croatian population is the most upstream mudminnow discovery in the Sava River system known to date. The genetic structure of the newly recorded mudminnow populations was examined using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci. By adding these new populations to the analysis of the population genetic structure of mudminnow from the Sava River system, previously unresolved relationships between the populations from the upper and the lower Sava were clarified: the middle Sava populations were shown to be well outside the hybridisation zone with the Danubian clade, meaning the upstream boundary of this zone is confined to the lower Sava. The results also suggest that mudminnow populations in the Sava River system are less isolated than previously believed. Namely, intermediate gene-flow was detected when comparing the uppermost Sava population with the lower Sava populations. Taking these results into account, appropriate guidelines are proposed to preserve mudminnow populations from the Sava River system.

During its historical development, materials and architecture have always been inextricably linked. More recently, the application of modern materials and new achievements in architecture around the world have actualized the issue of the relation between architectural aesthetics and technology. Technological advancement allows the creation of new forms and a new way of shaping materials. Therefore, smart and nanotechnology have a significant impact not only on modern buildings, but also on the emergence of new architectural expression and style. Using analytical descriptive methodology and research literature, this paper focuses on the analysis of selected case studies in order to determine the impact of new intelligent technologies and modern materials on the ecological and aesthetic needs of today's architecture.

Heavy metals are the substances that indicate environmental pollution. The plants polluted with heavy metals may endanger natural environment and cause health problems in humans. In our multidisciplinary research of the concentrations of pollutants in forest ecosystems and natural environment in Belgrade, we examined the contents of heavy metals essential for plants but harmful in greater concentrations on a long-term basis. The fact that heavy metals manganese and iron are accumulated in plants to the greatest extent focused our work on determination of the level of concentrations of Mn and Fe in the vegetative parts of 8 plant types on three locations on the Avala Mountain and one location in the centre of the city of Belgrade. The analyses of heavy metals contents in plants were performed by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The examination of the existence of important differences between the average values was performed by implementation of Duncan’s test for the level of significance of 95%. The current contents of heavy metals in plants in the area of the protected natural resource Avala do not represent danger that would presently cause notable damage to forests but show the tendency of the increase of concentrations. Therefore, this issue should be constantly monitored.

School development planning is an instrument of school internal development. It has been present in Serbian schools since 2002, but until today there have not been enough data regarding the way development planning takes place and what its effects are. The main question in this research is how the teachers directly involved in the process itself evaluate development planning in their schools. The sample consisted of 291 teachers from 51 primary schools in Serbia. They replied in written form to the open-ended questions regarding their opinion about the positive and the negative sides of school development planning. Data processing included creating categories of teacher answers and calculating the relative presence of answers by categories. Teachers estimated that the following were the positive sides of development planning: strengthening cooperation and team work, introducing planning practice, school development, increased participation, successful project realization and acquisition of new knowledge and advanced training. Teachers most often had no objections to development planning, and when they did, these referred to the following: insufficient support to the development team, resistance and lack of interest of their colleagues, demands of planning, problems with the functioning of the development team and poor plan realization. The results point out to the conclusion that school development planning is predominantly positively evaluated and at the same time provide the foundation for arriving at practical ideas regarding the future direction of the policies in the field of internal school development.

The purpose of this research is above all focused on the aim of determining the load of ecosystem or rather soil and plants with the heavy metal Ni and the level of accummulation in this area so that on the basis of the obtained results adequate protection measures could be timely taken. The research of nickel (Ni) content in the leaves of herbs and woody plants growing under urban conditions in comparison with the nickel concentrations in the plant leaves in the protected natural resource “Avala” (16 km away from Belgrade) indicates that the recorded values of nickel concentrations by locations are statistically significantly different and range from A to F on locations 1, 2 and 3 while on location 4 in urban conditions the values range from A to B in accordance with Duncan’s Test.

Introduction. Saliva viscosity plays a significant role in the biophysical segment of the total retention potential of total dentures. Objective. The aim of the paper was to establish the dependence of dynamic retention force of experimental plates on experimental fluid viscosity and especially time dependence of these parameters, following at the same time relative changes of the distance between the experimental plate and dentures support established by the dislocation of the experimental plate in both directions. Methods. For experimental verification we used an original device with the aim to enable in vivo simulation on the phantom made of the upper total denture prosthesis support and experimental plate. The experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part we determined the value of the dynamic retention force with plates without and with achieved ventilation effect. In the second part we determined time dependence of the dynamic retention force of experimental plates on the viscosity of experimental fluids that had been priorly determined on identical samples (8 ml of experimental fluid samples) using a rotational viscometer (Haake RV-12) with a sensor (MV, Germany). Results Under the conditions of variable viscosity rates of seven experimental fluids (from 0.02 to 1309.04 mPa•s), we registered the time dependence of dynamic retention force of the experimental plate related to fluid viscosity during the action of the continual dislocating force of the separating directions. In addition, the maximal height of the dislocation of the experimental plate was registered. The dynamic retention force, manifested by the separating direction of the experimental plate dislocation, was increased concurrently with increased viscosity. Conclusion. The increase of dynamic retention force depends directly on medium viscosity. Close border values of fluid viscosity above the investigated ones, the impossibility of experimental layer thinning and the decrease of distance height probably influence the onset of separating dislocation.

As a consequence of expanding functions of primary schools, the manifestation of social facilities represent an indispensable part of the spatial framework of contemporary pedagogical process with a specially pronounced social component. Irrespective of the size of the school, high level of usability and connectedness of all areas which are often consequentially multifunctional in character, represents one of the basic ways for overcoming of rigid spatial-functional volumes characteristic for architectonic design of traditional schools. In the paper, an analysis of three possible dispositions of social functions was done - of central, linear and dislocated. Conditioned by specific influential factors, for each of the spatial dispositions, functional characteristics have been systematized. On their basis, it was concluded that in optimal conditions of architectonic organization of primary school, application of central disposition can to the best measure contribute to achieving the spatial-functional quality of social functions.

The purpose of this study is to deal with the problem of establishing specific child-environment relations. The goal of this paper is to indicate the relation children's developing needs and features such space has to have. The paper gives recommendations for revitalization of environmental values of this area as particularly important in the development of children. Through definition and reconsideration of spatial and functional structure of the space for stay in the context of the impact on the psychological needs of children, it proposes measures for redefinition of the existing concept of the space for stay in order to investigate its improvement.

The paper presents different approaches and international trends in governing education systems and analyses the causes of the perceived convergence of education policies in this field. An overview of the situation in countries throughout the world indicates an increasingly greater mutual similarity in governing education systems, especially when it comes to insisting on the following: searching for balance in (de)centralization of the system, increasing school autonomy, reinforcing the role of evaluation and professional accountability, and developing quasi-market regulatory mechanisms in education. The author argues that convergence of governing education systems is conditioned by common, primarily, economic challenges and increasingly greater importance of transnational regulation in education. Besides the traditional ways of transferring, such as borrowing solutions from other systems, numerous multilateral organizations have lately had a significant role in transnational spreading of education policy. In the concluding part, the author argues that a relatively neglected model of internal school development, based on the idea of organizational learning, has a potential to significantly complement the prevailing regulatory models and thereby enhance their effectiveness and efficiency.

This paper reports on the research results regarding children's positioning in their daydreaming narratives. A special feature of the research was its cross-generational character, i.e. we have collected and analyzed written accounts of primary school children's daydreams in grade 4, which were produced in the year 1984 and the year 2009. One of the major insights from our research is that children's daydreaming narratives broadly belong to the category of 'preferred self' constructions. We classified these preferred self-constructions in three categories, namely 'fictional selves', 'future selves' and 'actual selves', which emerged from repetitive themes in children's narratives. Each of these broad categories was further 'unpacked' into more specific constructions of preferred selves. Based on the qualitative data we developed hypotheses about generational shifts in preferred self constructions and used nonparametric statistical tests to evaluate these hypotheses.