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1. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs A Neptune-mass planet traversing the habitable zone around HD 180617

Author

Stefan Dreizler, Víctor J. S. Béjar, A. Schweitzer, Carlos Cifuentes, Walter Seifert, S. Sadegi, Rafael Luque, Thomas Henning, E. W. Guenther, V. M. Passegger, E. Díez-Alonso, M. Lafarga, Trifon Trifonov, M. Perger, Michel Mayor, F. F. Bauer, M. Kürster, Stéphane Udry, Xavier Bonfils, J. Colomé, Jose A. Caballero, X. Delfosse, Andreas Quirrenbach, M. Zechmeister, Artie P. Hatzes, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, S. V. Jeffers, Ansgar Reiners, S. Pedraz, Sabine Reffert, Ignasi Ribas, M. Cortés-Contreras, D. Montes, Otmar Stahl, Pedro J. Amado, Juan Carlos Morales, Lev Tal-Or, T. Forveille, A. Kaminski, Holger Mandel, CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Landessternwarte Königstuhl, CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE), University of Göttingen, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Karl Schwarzschild-Observatorium, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, Klaus Tschira Foundation, Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, CSIC-Junta de Extremadura - Instituto de Arqueología (IAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, and Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

Subjects
Astrofísica, Proper motion, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Doppler spectroscopy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Stars: late-type, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Neptune, Planet, low-mass [Stars], 0103 physical sciences, Stars: low-mass, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stars: individual: HD 180617, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, individual: HD 180617 [Stars], Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Astronomía, Planetary systems, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, late-type [Stars], Circumstellar habitable zone, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Michel Mayor (Nobel de Física 2019 por el descubrimiento del primer planeta extrasolar), Despite their activity, low-mass stars are of particular importance for the search of exoplanets by the means of Doppler spectroscopy, as planets with lower masses become detectable. We report on the discovery of a planetary companion around HD 180617, a bright (J = 5.58 mag), low-mass (M = 0.45M) star of spectral type M2.5 V. The star, located at a distance of 5.9 pc, is the primary of the high proper motion binary system containing vB 10, a star with one of the lowest masses known in most of the twentieth century. Our analysis is based on new radial velocity (RV) measurements made at red-optical wavelengths provided by the high-precision spectrograph CARMENES, which was designed to carry out a survey for Earth-like planets around M dwarfs. The available CARMENES data are augmented by archival Doppler measurements from HIRES and HARPS. Altogether, the RVs span more than 16 yr. The modeling of the RV variations, with a semi-amplitude of K = 2.85-0.25 +0.16 m s-1, yields a Neptune-like planet with a minimum mass of 12.2-1.4 +1.0 M on a 105.90-0.10 +0.09 d circumprimary orbit, which is partly located in the host star's habitable zone. The analysis of time series of common activity indicators does not show any dependence on the detected RV signal. The discovery of HD 180617 b not only adds information to a currently hardly filled region of the mass-period diagram of exoplanets around M dwarfs, but the investigated system becomes the third known binary consisting of M dwarfs and hosting an exoplanet in an S-type configuration. Its proximity makes it an attractive candidate for future studies. © ESO 2018., CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almería, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Science through projects AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, and AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía.

Published
2018

2. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

Author

Kaminski, A., Trifonov, T., Caballero, J. A., Quirrenbach, A., Ribas, I., Reiners, A., Amado, P. J., Zechmeister, M., Dreizler, S., Perger, M., Tal-Or, L., Bonfils, X., Mayor, M., Astudillo-Defru, N., Bauer, F. F., Béjar, V. J. S., Cifuentes, C., Colomé, J., Cortés-Contreras, M., Delfosse, X., Díez-Alonso, E., Forveille, T., Guenther, E. W., Hatzes, A. P., Henning, Th., Jeffers, S. V., Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Luque, R., Mandel, H., Montes, D., Morales, J. C., Passegger, V. M., Pedraz, S., Reffert, S., Sadegi, S., Schweitzer, A., Seifert, W., Stahl, O., Udry, S., Centre for Research in NanoEngineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut für Astrophysik [Göttingen], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán, Observatorio de Calar Alto (CAHA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
stars: low-mass, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], stars: late-type, planetary systems, stars: individual: HD 180617
Abstract

International audience; Despite their activity, low-mass stars are of particular importance for the search of exoplanets by the means of Doppler spectroscopy, as planets with lower masses become detectable. We report on the discovery of a planetary companion around HD 180617, a bright (J = 5.58 mag), low-mass (M = 0.45M⊙) star of spectral type M2.5 V. The star, located at a distance of 5.9 pc, is the primary of the high proper motion binary system containing vB 10, a star with one of the lowest masses known in most of the twentieth century. Our analysis is based on new radial velocity (RV) measurements made at red-optical wavelengths provided by the high-precision spectrograph CARMENES, which was designed to carry out a survey for Earth-like planets around M dwarfs. The available CARMENES data are augmented by archival Doppler measurements from HIRES and HARPS. Altogether, the RVs span more than 16 yr. The modeling of the RV variations, with a semi-amplitude of K = 2.85-0.25+0.16 m s-1, yields a Neptune-like planet with a minimum mass of 12.2-1.4+1.0 M⊕ on a 105.90-0.10+0.09 d circumprimary orbit, which is partly located in the host star's habitable zone. The analysis of time series of common activity indicators does not show any dependence on the detected RV signal. The discovery of HD 180617 b not only adds information to a currently hardly filled region of the mass-period diagram of exoplanets around M dwarfs, but the investigated system becomes the third known binary consisting of M dwarfs and hosting an exoplanet in an S-type configuration. Its proximity makes it an attractive candidate for future studies. The RV data (Table C.1) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (http://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/618/A115

Published
2018
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3. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: A Neptune-mass planet traversing the habitable zone around HD 180617

Author

CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Landessternwarte Königstuhl, CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE), University of Göttingen, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Karl Schwarzschild-Observatorium, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, Klaus Tschira Foundation, Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, CSIC-Junta de Extremadura - Instituto de Arqueología (IAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Kaminski, Adrian, Trifonov, T., Caballero, J. A., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Ribas, Ignasi, Reiners, Ansgar, Amado, Pedro J., Zechmeister, Mathias, Dreizler, S., Perger, M., Tal-Or, L., Bonfils, Xavier, Mayor, M., Astudillo-Defru, Nicola, Bauer, Florian Franz, Béjar, Victor J. S., Cifuentes, C., Colomé, J., Cortés-Contreras, M., Delfosse, X., Díez-Alonso, E., Forveille, T., Guenther, E. W., Hatzes, Artie P., Henning, Thomas, Jeffers, Sandra V., Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Luque, R., Mandel, H., Montes, D., Morales, Juan Carlos, Passegger, V.M., Pedraz, S., Reffert, S., Sadegi, S., Schweitzer, Andreas, Seifert, W., Stahl, O., Udry, Stephane, CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Landessternwarte Königstuhl, CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE), University of Göttingen, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Karl Schwarzschild-Observatorium, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, Klaus Tschira Foundation, Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, CSIC-Junta de Extremadura - Instituto de Arqueología (IAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Kaminski, Adrian, Trifonov, T., Caballero, J. A., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Ribas, Ignasi, Reiners, Ansgar, Amado, Pedro J., Zechmeister, Mathias, Dreizler, S., Perger, M., Tal-Or, L., Bonfils, Xavier, Mayor, M., Astudillo-Defru, Nicola, Bauer, Florian Franz, Béjar, Victor J. S., Cifuentes, C., Colomé, J., Cortés-Contreras, M., Delfosse, X., Díez-Alonso, E., Forveille, T., Guenther, E. W., Hatzes, Artie P., Henning, Thomas, Jeffers, Sandra V., Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Luque, R., Mandel, H., Montes, D., Morales, Juan Carlos, Passegger, V.M., Pedraz, S., Reffert, S., Sadegi, S., Schweitzer, Andreas, Seifert, W., Stahl, O., and Udry, Stephane

Abstract

Despite their activity, low-mass stars are of particular importance for the search of exoplanets by the means of Doppler spectroscopy, as planets with lower masses become detectable. We report on the discovery of a planetary companion around HD 180617, a bright (J = 5.58 mag), low-mass (M = 0.45M) star of spectral type M2.5 V. The star, located at a distance of 5.9 pc, is the primary of the high proper motion binary system containing vB 10, a star with one of the lowest masses known in most of the twentieth century. Our analysis is based on new radial velocity (RV) measurements made at red-optical wavelengths provided by the high-precision spectrograph CARMENES, which was designed to carry out a survey for Earth-like planets around M dwarfs. The available CARMENES data are augmented by archival Doppler measurements from HIRES and HARPS. Altogether, the RVs span more than 16 yr. The modeling of the RV variations, with a semi-amplitude of K = 2.85-0.25 +0.16 m s-1, yields a Neptune-like planet with a minimum mass of 12.2-1.4 +1.0 M on a 105.90-0.10 +0.09 d circumprimary orbit, which is partly located in the host star's habitable zone. The analysis of time series of common activity indicators does not show any dependence on the detected RV signal. The discovery of HD 180617 b not only adds information to a currently hardly filled region of the mass-period diagram of exoplanets around M dwarfs, but the investigated system becomes the third known binary consisting of M dwarfs and hosting an exoplanet in an S-type configuration. Its proximity makes it an attractive candidate for future studies. © ESO 2018.

Published
2018

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