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Celem badań była ocena stanu mikrobiologicznego (liczba bakterii heterotrofi cznych, promieniowców, pleśni) i biochemicznego (aktywność ureazy i fosfatazy kwaśnej) torfu z domieszką kompostów wytworzonych na bazie osadu ściekowego. Ponadto celem badań było wykazanie wpływu niniejszych podłoży na cechy morfologiczne szałwii błyszczącej (wysokość, liczba i długości pędów, liczba pąków i kwiatostanów, indeks zazielenienia (SPAD)). Komposty wyprodukowane z osadu ściekowego, słomy pszennej, kukurydzianej i łubinowej zmieszano z torfem w różnym udziale procentowym, od 25% do 75%.

The focus of the study was on the dynamics of the variation in the population of copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria as well as the level of acid and alkaline phosphatase activities taking place during pine bark composting, depending on the application of different organic admixtures and the Effective Microorganisms microbiological preparation as well as variation in pH values and temperature. Above all, the trend in the variation in the population of microorganisms under analysis and enzymatic activity depended on the type of admixture applied to the composted pine bark. Apart from that, the course of microbiological activity was also influenced by temperature variation, which resulted from the course of the composting process. The results obtained in the experiment proved that the admixture of PGM (plant green matter) to the composted prisms had stimulating influence on the microbiological indexes under analysis.

The ability of the indole–imidazole hybrid ligands to coordinate with the Zn(II) ion and the resulting structures of this new class of coordination compounds were analyzed in order to determine their structural properties and biological functionalities. For this purpose, six novel Zn(II) complexes, [Zn(InIm)2Cl2] (1), [Zn(InMeIm)2Cl2] (2), [Zn(IniPrIm)2Cl2] (3), [Zn(InEtMeIm)2Cl2] (4), [Zn(InPhIm)2Cl2] (5) and [Zn2(InBzIm)2Cl2] (6) (where InIm is 3-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-indole), were synthesized by the reactions of ZnCl2 and the corresponding ligand in a 1:2 molar ratio in methanol solvent at an ambient temperature. The structural and spectral characterization of these complexes was performed using NMR, FT–IR and ESI–MS spectrometry and elemental analysis, and the crystal structures of 1–5 were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1–5 form polar supramolecular aggregates by utilizing, for this purpose, the N-H(indole)∙∙∙Cl(chloride) intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The assemblies thus formed differ depending on the distinctive molecular shape, which can be either compact or extended. All complexes were screened for their hemolytic, cytoprotective, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. The results show that the cytoprotective activity of the indole/imidazole ligand significantly increases upon its complexation with ZnCl2 up to a value comparable with the standard antioxidant Trolox, while the response of its substituted analogues is diverse and less pronounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to assess the efficiency of the textile filter according to indicator bacteria removal. An additional goal was to determine the pollutants removal efficiency at relatively high chemical oxygen demand (COD) to 5 d biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) ratio of treated wastewater. The wastewater was taken from the septic tank effluent. The count of indicator microorganisms (coliforms, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and total mesophilic bacteria) was identified. The samples of wastewater were analyzed in terms of COD, BOD5, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. The removal efficiencies of indicator bacteria were relatively high for Escherichia coli (2.1-2.5 log), differentiated for the other indicators: Clostridium perfringens (0.59-1.11 log), coliforms (0.58-1.55 log) and total mesophilic bacteria (0.56-0.97 log). In the first series (term I) the removal efficiency of Escherichia coli and total mesophilic bacteria was impossible to calculated due to the uncountable number of CFU. The removal efficiencies of pollutants were relatively high too (79.9% for CODCr and 71.0% for BOD5). Despite the relatively high COD to BOD5 ratio of inflowing wastewater, equal to 4.2, the organic dissolved compounds and nutrients removal efficiency was acceptable and met the requirements of Polish law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancement in agrotechnology not only changes soil properties, but it is also important for maintaining microbial balance and improving the conditions of development of crops. The study assesses the impact of selected tillage systems (conventional tillage, free tillage and direct sowing into mulch) on the enzymatic activity and development of microorganisms (proteolytic, cellulolytic, oligotrophic, copiotrophic, nitric, actinomycetes, fungal and other bacteria) in soil. The results of previous studies concernig the impact of applied tillage techniques on the development of microorganisms in soil were collected and summarised. At present, traditional cultivation is being abandoned due to many unfavourable changes in soil caused by this system. Apart from that, this system adversely affects the population of soil microorganisms. Due to the favourable influence of soil microorganisms on the development of crops there is an increasing tendency to research and transform agrotechnology so as to optimise the conditions of development of microorganisms. Polish and foreign scientific literature provides reports on the beneficial influence of simplified and direct sowing into mulch on the activity of most enzymes (dehydrogenases, oxidases, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, urease, protease) and microbial growth in soil. The benefits of these cultivation systems depend on many factors, including the soil type, humidity and weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was preliminary identification of heterotrophic and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) cell concentration in the cross-sectional profile of geotextile filters for wastewater treatment. Filters of thicknesses 3.6 and 7.2 mm, made of non-woven textile TS20, were supplied with septic tank effluent and intermittently dosed and filtered under hydrostatic pressure. The cumulative loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solids were about 1.36 and 1.06 kg/cm2, respectively. The filters under analysis reached a relatively high removal efficiency for organic pollution 70–90% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and 60–85% for COD. The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency level proved to be unstable (15–55%). Biomass samples for dry mass identification were taken from two regions: continuously flooded with wastewater and intermittently flooded with wastewater. The culturable heterotrophic bacteria were determined as colony-forming units (CFUs) on microbiological-selective media by means of the plate method. AOB and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were examined using the FISH technique. A relatively wide range of heterotrophic bacteria was observed from 7.4 × 105/cm2to 3.8 × 106/cm2in geotextile layers. The highest concentration of heterotrophic bacteria (3.8 × 106/cm2) was observed in the first layer of the textile filter. AOB were identified occasionally – about 8–15% of all bacteria colonizing the last filter layer, but occasionally much higher concentrations and ammonia nitrogen efficiency were achieved. Bacteria oxidizing nitrite to nitrate were not observed. The relation of total and organic fraction of biomass to culturable heterotrophic bacteria was also found. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

One of the directions of actions limiting the occurrence in soil environments of unfavorable phenomena accompanying conventional tillage is the introduction of reduced tillage, even total abandonment of cultivation operations. The objective of the performed investigation was to compare the impact of conventional tillage, reduced tillage, and no-tillage on some soil chemical (Corg., total N, pH) and microbiological (total bacterial counts, numbers of oligotrophs, copiotrophs and fungi, activity of dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase) properties. Studies carried out in 2010-12 involved a static field experiment initiated in 1999 at Brody Research Station of Poznan University of Life Science, Poland, in temperate climate, on a soil classified as Albic Luvisols developed on loamy sands overlying loamy material. Analyses were performed on soil samples collected from under winter wheat from two horizons: 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. In the 0-10 cm layer, the lowest values of almost all analyzed indices (Corg., total N, total bacterial counts, numbers of oligotrophs, copiotrophs and fungi, as well as the activity of dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase) were determined in conditions of conventional tillage. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, in all years of study, the highest numbers of bacteria were found in conditions of reduced tillage and no-tillage. On the other hand, in the course of the remaining years of study, the most numerous bacterial counts in the 10-20 cm soil layer were determined in conditions of conventional tillage. More interesting conclusions were arrived at following the analysis of soil bacteria after splitting them into oligotrophic. Numbers of oligotrophs in individual experimental combinations were found to be distributed in a way similar to total bacteria counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]