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Copyright of Revista de Ensino em Artes, Moda e Design is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales de Derecho is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Party autonomy is the defining principle of private international law today. Notwithstanding its broad acceptance, what does party autonomy mean in the context of jurisdiction agreements? The lack of commercial certainty in how the agreement to "submit" to the jurisdiction of the courts in the chosen forum will be interpreted and enforced by the courts defeats the very purpose of party autonomy itself, which is the management of venue risk by commercial parties in entering into cross-border transactions. In light of recent developments, the Singapore court has blurred the distinction between exclusive and non-exclusive jurisdiction agreements by holding that the same requirement of "strong cause" applies if a party reneges on its agreement to "submit". This is premised on the same strict contractual analysis and enforcement of both types of agreements. It is against this background that the approach of the Singapore courts in determining the exercise of their own jurisdiction under the common law will be reappraised, along with a comparison with the practice of the English courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of immigration status has become the focal point in some cases arising under the 1980 Hague Convention on Child Abduction. Asylum claims affect both substantive and procedural issues that are presented to state and federal courts. A nexus has developed between undocumented immigrants who are parties to a Hague case, and issues of habitual residence, acclimatization, and grave risk. Asylum claims have forced courts to consider the viability of such claims, requests for stay of Hague cases pending the outcome of asylum claims, the likelihood of deportation, and the effect of grants of asylum on the particular issues in the case. Where asylum has been granted to either a parent or child, substantial consideration has been given to the asylum determination by the court hearing the Hague case. Practitioner's Keypoints: The impact of immigration status on the claim that a child is "settled" in the new environment.The likelihood that a stay of a Hague case will be granted if an asylum claim is pending.The impact of the strength of the asylum case.Differences among federal circuits on the significance of immigration status on questions of habitual residence and settlement of a child under Article 12.The weight to be given to a grant of asylum in a Hague case.The precedence of Orders in Hague Convention cases over immigration decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interim remedies are granted before the court has been able to come to a final determination of the issues raised by the case. Canadian courts are reluctant to grant interim remedies that would restrain the application of a constitutionally challenged law. Ordinarily, the public interest in the orderly administration of duly enacted laws has been found to prevail over the claimant's right to interim protection of a claimed constitutional right. This article examines the reasons used to justify this cautious approach and argues that it is not entirely consistent with the Charter's promise of effective remedies. The rule limiting consideration of the merits of the claim on interim applications should be relaxed, especially where refusing an interim remedy will cause the immediate and irretrievable loss of a constitutional right. This would bring Canadian law into line with English, American and international law and would better protect fundamental rights and freedoms. Greater use should be made of interim remedies that exempt litigants from constitutionally challenged laws rather than suspend the operation of the law entirely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will argue that exclusive and non-exclusive jurisdiction clauses are in some respects more similar but conversely in other respects less similar than is currently accounted for. Both involve a party submitting to the jurisdiction of a named court or courts which means that the result in cases involving stays or service out should usually be the same. Conversely, a key difference, which is not always given proper weight, is the preclusive effect of exclusive jurisdiction agreements on foreign proceedings. This should usually lead to a different result where a party is seeking an anti-suit injunction to restrain proceedings in a non-chosen court. It is crucial to start by identifying and construing the contractual promises contained in a jurisdiction agreement, both express and implied and both positive and negative. The difference between exclusive and non-exclusive agreements lies in the complex interplay between these positive and negative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-ties are employed on cable-stayed bridges to reduce wind-induced stay vibration. The occurrence of a number of failures has motivated investigations on the nonlinear dynamics of these systems. The non-linear behavior is possible at incipient failure of the cross-tie. This paper combines the features of the Equivalent Linearization Method, recently derived to study non-linear behavior in the cross-ties at moderate stay vibration amplitudes, with implementation of the Stochastic Approximation (SA) to account for the presence of parameter variability during aeroelastic vibration. The problem becomes an equivalent random eigenvalue problem with eigenvalues (equivalent frequencies) depending on a random vibration amplitude parameter. Novel implementations of the SA are considered to evaluate higher-order statistical moments of eigenvalue distributions; the consequent randomness in the eigenvectors is also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stiffness probe method (SPM) is a new numerical procedure that calculates buckling loads. SPM probes the local stiffness of a given structure at the point of application of a small transverse perturbation force as the applied load is increased. The local stiffness degrades from a maximum for an unloaded structure to zero at the buckling load. An artifice spring is added to the original structure that eventually absorbs the full perturbation force at a prescribed small deflection, thereby keeping structural deformations small as the buckling load is approached. As a result, using an indicator that approaches zero at buckling rather than having to rely on increasingly larger deflections at buckling as in conventional P-A methods, SPM ensures an accurate numerical result for the critical load. We use SPM herein to study the behavior of one and two cross-arm cable-stayed columns under applied load. A formula is given to calculate the minimum slenderness that justifies converting a tube into a cable-stayed column. Various factors such as cable prestrain, cable cross-sectional areas, and tiers of cross-arms affecting column strength are examined for a series of cable-stayed columns. We find that cable-stayed columns may buckle either in a one-lobe symmetrical mode or two-lobe anti-symmetrical mode, the latter case being contrary to conventional thinking. A design example for a given cable-stayed column using the AISC Specification is presented. The effect of optimum cable prestrain to enhance column buckling strengths is discussed. A strength enhancement ratio (SER) is defined that evaluates the additional column strength gained after transforming a given steel tube into a cable-stayed column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-ties are used on cable-stayed bridges for mitigating wind-induced stay vibration. The system obtained by connecting two adjacent stays with a transverse cross-tie is the basic component of an 'in-plane cable network'. Failures in the restrainers of cable networks have motivated investigations focusing on the nonlinear dynamics of cable networks. In these problems, the nonlinearity in the restoring force transferred by the cross-tie is used to simulate the behavior at incipient failure. The 'equivalent linearization method' can be used to reduce the system of nonlinear dynamic equations to an equivalent eigenvalue/eigenvector problem, which is solved algebraically as a function of a reference amplitude parameter. Since the value of the initial vibration amplitude during aeroelastic vibration is affected by uncertainties, simulations based on stochastic processes must be considered. The resulting random nonlinear eigenvalue problem can be solved with an implementation of the standard stochastic approximation (SA). We propose here a novel numerical procedure, based on a 'layered' SA algorithm, to estimate not only the mean but the standard deviation of the eigenvalue distribution as well. This method is computationally efficient and can accurately evaluate the average and standard deviation of the random eigenvalue (frequency), mode by mode. Therefore, we have now enabled a more complete and numerically efficient characterization of the frequency probability distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi-concave cable truss systems are not only aesthetically appealing but they also offer elegant solutions for spanning large spans required in modern buildings such as convention centres, sport arenas and bridges. These structures, however, are notoriously difficult to model correctly using non-numerical based methods. The existing analytical methods are limited to uniformly distributed loads on half or the entire span, and do not include the stays in the calculations. This paper details a novel analytical method that not only covers wide spectra of loads, including both uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on any part of the span, but also includes the stays in the calculations. The mathematical formulation was based on the fundamental assumption that the hangers form a continuous and inextensible diaphragm. The main two nonlinear equations describing the cable thrusts, unknowns of the problem, were calculated using an orthogonal displacement equation based on the boundary conditions of the cable ends at the anchorages. The predicted results are compared to finite element analysis, and good agreement was found across all the load configurations. The presented method was found to be very efficient and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article consists of a snip of the first chapter of the dissertation, presented to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, whose original title is "School Geography has everything to be and is not. Because?". Here we try to introduce the introductory discussion of the dissertation which aims to highlight the dissatisfaction of students and teachers on the teaching of geography in basic education (primary and secondary schools). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Comunicación is the property of Universidad Iberoamericana Cuidad de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a study about stay stressing procedures of concrete arch bridges built by cantilevering with temporary stays is presented. Particularly, the partial elastic scheme method is proposed to find the initial cable forces, and a forward procedure is implemented to follow the actual sequence of construction by extending a procedure already applied to concrete cable-stayed bridges. The theoretical treatment is followed by a numerical application on a case study of a concrete arch bridge, and a comparison between initial cable forces found by the partial elastic scheme method and classical backward analysis is presented here. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure to achieve the requested design geometry of the arch and for limiting the variation of bending moments and stay forces in construction stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cable-stayed bridge is built by following a construction sequence of different subsequent stages that imply changes of the geometric configuration, restraints and consequently stress and strain patterns. A study is presented about stay stressing sequences in cable-stayed bridges with composite deck for the case of construction made by the cantilever method. Initial cable forces are found through partial elastic schemes of construction stages. Different stay stressing procedures are implemented and a comparison between them is proposed in order to evaluate the differences in terms of deformed shape and internal force distribution of the deck and the pylon. Results can be useful to give practical suggestions to designers, when they have to deal with stay stressing sequences of composite cable-stayed bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastal activities were driving the rise of cities around the world, especially as ports, and Brazil was no different, as can be seen by the numerous towns along the coast. Oil activity brings with it great economic potential for any production area, and the northeastern coast caused an economic boom in the three capitals studied here, Salvador, Natal and Aracaju, promoting growth / urban development, so peculiar to each, since this activity has brought developments that made a difference in driving this expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special stays must be used to increase the precision and productivity in the machining of long stepped shafts. Recommendations are made for optimization of the design of a mobile stay by means of special mobile supporting rods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teror Viaduct is a bridge located over a difficult-to-reach gorge and was designed keeping in mind the aesthetic requirements so as to achieve the structure's full integration with the existing landscape. The deck is rigidly fixed to piers and is supported by extra-dosed bracing. The V-shaped piers laterally 'embrace' the deck, that is the piers integrate with the deck, forming a monolithic whole as the pylons extend above. The stays supporting the deck penetrate the pylon without friction during construction and are locked in service to withstand the effect produced by differential forces on both sides of the saddles due to the traffic load. The deck was built using the balanced cantilever system starting from the two piers. Following the deck's construction and prior to the two halves of the deck meeting in the centre and forming a single component, it was left open in the centre of the main span in order to partially reduce the long-term effects due to the concrete's strain (shrinkage and creep). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the most suitable market segment(s) from an environmental and local economic development perspective in the specific context of visits to natural environments. More specifically, the paper explores the distinctions and differences between tourists (non-residents) and residents with regard to visit behavior at natural attractions. By using the CHAID algorithm, a decision tree is constructed for means of transportation which serves as a key factor in the segmentation process. However, such a tree for visitors' resident or non-resident status cannot be built as a first explicative variable, unless it is statistically forced. Once it is forced, the tree opens in several sub-segments, for non-residents and residents alike. Finally, it allows understanding of the means of transportation used by visitors according to their geographical origin as well as a set of added independent variables: accommodation establishment, length of stay, season, and other demographic variables (educational level, gender, and age). Also, more importantly, we have obtained segments with no overlap configured according to all the aforementioned variables. This is a very strong result from a methodological point of view and for policy makers in destination settings., (© 2020 The Authors.)