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174 results on '"Stefano Nisi"'

1. Sub-background radiation exposure at the LNGS underground laboratory: dosimetric characterization of the external and underground facilities

Author: Marco Ampollini, Pasqualino Anello, Marco Balata, Emanuela Bortolin, Federico Chiarelli, Daniele Chiti, Maurizio Chiti, Cinzia De Angelis, Giulia D’Imperio, Raffaella Donghia, Giuseppe Esposito, Francesco Ferella, Angelo Galante, Matthias Laubenstein, Patrizia Morciano, Stefano Nisi, Cristina Nuccetelli, Maria Cristina Quattrini, Maria Antonella Tabocchini, and Claudia Tomei
Subjects: low radiation environment, RENOIR, dosimetric characterization, LNGS underground laboratory, Monte Carlo simulation, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Radiobiological studies conducted in Deep Underground Laboratories allow to improve the knowledge of the biological effects induced by ionizing radiation at low doses/dose rates. At the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics we can study the possible differences in behavior between parallel biological systems, one maintained in a Reference-Radiation Environment (RRE, external) and the other maintained in an extremely Low-Radiation Environment (LRE, underground), in the absence of pressure changes, the RRE and LRE laboratories being at the same altitude. For these investigations, it is mandatory to evaluate the dose rate values at RRE and LRE. The aim of our work is to provide a comprehensive dosimetric analysis for external and underground laboratories. Measurements of the different low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) components at RRE and LRE were performed using different detectors. Gamma dose rates were 31 nSv/h at RRE and 27 nSv/h at LRE respectively. The muon dose rate was 47 nSv/h at RRE and negligible at LRE (less than pGy/h). Dosimetric measurements were also carried out to characterize the devices used to modulate the gamma dose rate, namely, a gamma source irradiator (to increase the dose rate by about 90 nSv/h) and shields (of iron at LRE and lead at RRE). Using the iron shield at LRE a dose reduction factor of about 20, compared to the RRE, was obtained for the low LET components; inside the lead shield at RRE the gamma component was negligible compared to the muonic component. Radon activity concentrations were approximately of 20 Bq/m3 at both LRE and RRE. The intrinsic contribution of radioactivity in the experimental set up was of 0.25 nGy/h, as evaluated with a GEANT4-simulation, using as input the measured activity concentrations. GEANT4 simulations were also performed to calculate the neutron dose rate at RRE, yielding a value of 1.4 nGy/h, much larger than that at LRE (which is less than pGy/h). In conclusion, RRE and LRE are currently characterized and equipped to perform radiobiological studies aimed at understanding the involvement of the different low LET components in determining the response of biological systems.
Published: 2023
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2. Investigation on Rare Nuclear Processes in Hf Nuclides

Author: Vincenzo Caracciolo, Pierluigi Belli, Rita Bernabei, Fabio Cappella, Riccardo Cerulli, Antonella Incicchitti, Matthias Laubenstein, Alice Leoncini, Vittorio Merlo, Serge Nagorny, Stefano Nisi, and Peng Wang
Subjects: Hf, double beta decay, alpha decay, Cs2HfCl6, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract: In this work, a review of recent studies concerning rare nuclear processes in Hf isotopes is presented. In particular, the investigations using HP-Ge spectrometry and Hf-based crystal scintillators are focused; the potentiality and the results of the “source = detector” approach are underlined. In addition, a short introduction concerning the impact of such kind of research in the context of astroparticle and nuclear physics is pointed out. In particular, the study of α decay and double beta decay of 174Hf, 176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf isotopes either to the ground state or to the lower bounded levels have been discussed. The observation of α decay of 174Hf isotope to the ground state with a T1/2=7.0(1.2)×1016 y is reported and discussed. No decay was detected for α decay of 174Hf isotope at the first excited level of daughter and of 176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf isotopes either to the ground state or to the lower bounded levels. The T1/2 lower limits for these decays are at the level of 1016–1020 y. Nevertheless, the T1/2 lower limits for the transitions of 176Hf→172Yb (0+→0+) and 177Hf→173Yb (7/2−→5/2−) are near to the theoretical predictions, giving hope to their observation in the near future. All the other experimental limits (∼1016–1020 y) are absolutely far from the theoretical expectations. The experiments investigating the 2ϵ and ϵβ+ processes in 174Hf are also reported; the obtained half-life limits are set at the level of 1016–1018 y. Moreover, we estimate the T1/2 of 2ν2ϵ of 174Hf decay at the level of (0.3–6) × 1021 y (at now the related measured lower limit is 7.1×1016 y).
Published: 2022
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3. Material Screening with Mass Spectrometry

Author: Francesca Marchegiani, Francesco Ferella, and Stefano Nisi
Subjects: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ultra-trace analysis, isobaric interferences, crystals, radio-purity, Hf α-decay, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique. Because of its sensitivity, accuracy, multielement capability, high throughput, rapid analysis times and low detection limits, it is able to determine simultaneously long-lived radionuclides at trace and ultra-trace levels as well as isotope ratios. It has been increasingly applied in the framework of rare events experiments like those investigating the nature of dark matter and neutrinos, where the screening and selection of extremely radiopure materials for the experimental apparatus is crucial. Here, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements of the chemical purity of a Cs2HfCl6 crystal scintillator used to study α decay of naturally occurring Hf isotopes and its own raw materials are reported. Moreover, in the framework of the GERDA/LEGEND experiment, an overview of the ICP-MS results to monitor the recycling process of enriched germanium scraps is shown. Significant outcomes, such as low detection limits despite the small amount of sample to analyze and fast ICP-MS results, have been achieved in response to the challenges required by modern low background experiments.
Published: 2021
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4. Multi-Technique Characterization of Painting Drawings of the Pictorial Cycle at the San Panfilo Church in Tornimparte (AQ)

Author: Francesca Briani, Francesco Caridi, Francesco Ferella, Anna Maria Gueli, Francesca Marchegiani, Stefano Nisi, Giuseppe Paladini, Elena Pecchioni, Giuseppe Politi, Alba Patrizia Santo, Giuseppe Stella, and Valentina Venuti
Subjects: San Panfilo Church, multi-scale approach, frescoes, pigments, degradation phenomena, restoration, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: We present some results, obtained using a multi-scale approach, based on the employment of different and complementary techniques, i.e., Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and µ-Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy equipped with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) analyses, Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), of an integrated activity focused on the characterization of micro-fragments of original and previously restored paintings of the pictorial cycle at the San Panfilo Church in Tornimparte, sampled from specific areas of interest. The study was aimed, on one hand, at the identification of the overlapping restoration materials used during previous conservation interventions (documented and not), and, on the other hand, at understanding the degradation phenomena (current or previous) of the painted surfaces and the architectural structures. The study of stratigraphy allowed us to evaluate the number of layers and the materials (pigments, minerals, and varnishes) present in each layer. As the main result, the identification of blue, black, yellow, and red pigments (both ancient and modern) was achieved. In the case of blue pigments, original (azurite and lazurite) and retouching (Prussian blue and phthalo blue) materials were recognized, together with alteration products (malachite and atacamite). Traces of yellow ochre were found in the yellow areas, and carbon black in the blue and brown areas. In the latter, hematite and red ochre pigments were also recognized. The obtained results are crucial to support the methodological choices during the restoration intervention of the site, and help to ensure the compatibility principles of the materials on which a correct conservative approach is based.
Published: 2023
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5. The provenance of the raw material and the manufacturing technology of copper artefacts from the Copper Age hoard from Magyaregres, Hungary

Author: Zsuzsanna Siklósi, Eszter Horváth, Igor Maria Villa, Stefano Nisi, Viktória Mozgai, Bernadett Bajnóczi, Péter Csippán, Péter Hornok, and Péter Kiss
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In 2016, a Stollhof-type copper hoard was found during an excavation in Magyaregres, Hungary. It was placed in a cooking pot, and deposited upside down within the boundaries of an Early Copper Age settlement. Similar hoards dating to the end of the 5th millennium BCE are well-known from Central Europe, however, this hoard represents the only one so far with thoroughly documented finding circumstances. The hoard contained 681 pieces of copper, 264 pieces of stone and a single Spondylus bead, along with 19 pieces of small tubular spiral copper coils, three spiral copper bracelets, and two large, spectacle spiral copper pendants. Until now, information on the provenance of raw materials and how such copper artefacts were manufactured has not been available. The artefacts were studied under optical microscopes to reveal the manufacturing process. Trace elemental composition (HR-ICP-MS) and lead isotope ratios (MC-ICP-MS) were measured to explore the provenance of raw materials. The ornaments were rolled or folded and coiled from thin sheets of copper using fahlore copper probably originating from the Northwestern Carpathians. A complex archaeological approach was employed to reveal the provenance, distribution and the social roles the ornaments could have played in the life of a Copper Age community. Evidence for local metallurgy was lacking in contemporaneous Transdanubian sites, therefore it is likely that the items of the hoard were manufactured closer to the raw material source, prior to being transported to Transdanubia as finished products. The method of deposition implies that such items were associated with special social contexts, represented exceptional values, and the context of deposition was also highly prescribed. The Magyaregres hoard serves as the first firm piece of evidence for the existence of a typologically independent Central European metallurgical circle which exploited the raw material sources located within its distribution.
Published: 2022

6. Detectors and Cultural Heritage: The INFN-CHNet Experience

Author: Lorenzo Giuntini, Lisa Castelli, Mirko Massi, Mariaelena Fedi, Caroline Czelusniak, Nicla Gelli, Lucia Liccioli, Francesca Giambi, Chiara Ruberto, Anna Mazzinghi, Serena Barone, Francesca Marchegiani, Stefano Nisi, Carmine Lubritto, Simona Altieri, Luca Tortora, Paolo Branchini, Andrea Fabbri, Valerio Graziani, Sergio Barcellos Lins, Laura Guidorzi, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Alessandro Re, Leandro Sottili, Antonella Balerna, Mariangela Cestelli Guidi, Lucilla Pronti, Martina Romani, Fauzia Albertin, Matteo Bettuzzi, Rosa Brancaccio, Maria Pia Morigi, Daniele Alloni, Andrea Salvini, Barbara Smilgys, Michele Prata, Saverio Altieri, Maurizio Bonesini, Daniela Di Martino, Massimiliano Clemenza, Massimo Carpinelli, Piernicola Oliva, Valeria Sipala, Anna Maria Gueli, Stefania Pasquale, Giuseppe Stella, Giancarlo Pepponi, Francesco Grazzi, and Francesco Taccetti
Subjects: X-ray detectors, gamma-ray detectors, photon-counting detectors, particle detectors, neutron detectors, detectors for mass spectrometry, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Detectors are a key feature of the contemporary scientific approach to cultural heritage (CH), both for diagnostics and conservation. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics that develops and applies new instrumentation for the study of CH. This process results in both optimized traditional state-of-the-art and highly innovative detection setups for spectrometric techniques. Examples of the former are X-rays, gamma-rays, visible-light and particles spectrometers tailored for CH applications, with optimized performances, reliability, weight, transportability, cost, absorbed power, and complementarity with other techniques. Regarding the latter, examples are ARDESIA, the array of detectors at the DAΦNE-Light facility, the MAXRS detection setup at the Riken-RAL muon beamline and the imaging facilities at the LENA Laboratory. Paths for next-generation instruments have been suggested, as in the case of the X-ray Superconductive Detectors and X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers, allowing astonishing improvement in energy resolution. Many issues in CH can now be addressed thanks to scientific techniques exploiting the existing detectors, while many others are still to be addressed and require the development of new approaches and detectors.
Published: 2021
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7. Determination of Total Silicon and SiO2 Particles Using an ICP-MS Based Analytical Platform for Toxicokinetic Studies of Synthetic Amorphous Silica

Author: Federica Aureli, Maria Ciprotti, Marilena D’Amato, Emanueli do Nascimento da Silva, Stefano Nisi, Daniele Passeri, Angela Sorbo, Andrea Raggi, Marco Rossi, and Francesco Cubadda
Subjects: synthetic amorphous silica, tissue levels, ADME, microwave digestion, silicon determination, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), manufactured in pyrogenic or precipitated form, is a nanomaterial with a widespread use as food additive (E 551). Oral exposure to SAS results from its use in food and dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals and toothpaste. Recent evidence suggests that oral exposure to SAS may pose health risks and highlights the need to address the toxic potential of SAS as affected by the physicochemical characteristics of the different forms of SAS. For this aim, investigating SAS toxicokinetics is of crucial importance and an analytical strategy for such an undertaking is presented. The minimization of silicon background in tissues, control of contamination (including silicon release from equipment), high-throughput sample treatment, elimination of spectral interferences affecting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) silicon detection, and development of analytical quality control tools are the cornerstones of this strategy. A validated method combining sample digestion with silicon determination by reaction cell ICP-MS is presented. Silica particles are converted to soluble silicon by microwave dissolution with mixtures of HNO3, H2O2 and hydrofluoric acid (HF), whereas interference-free ICP-MS detection of total silicon is achieved by ion-molecule chemistry with limits of detection (LoDs) in the range 0.2–0.5 µg Si g−1 for most tissues. Deposition of particulate SiO2 in tissues is assessed by single particle ICP-MS.
Published: 2020
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8. Result on the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search of 82Se with the CUPID-0 Experiment

Author: Fabio Bellini, Oscar Azzolini, Maria Teresa Barrera, Jeffrey Beeman, Mattia Beretta, Matteo Biassoni, Chiara Brofferio, Carlo Bucci, Lucia Canonica, Silvia Capelli, Laura Cardani, Paolo Carniti, Nicola Casali, Lorenzo Cassina, Massimiliano Clemenza, Oliverio Cremonesi, Angelo Cruciani, Antonio D’Addabbo, Ioan Dafinei, Sergio Di Domizio, Fernando Ferroni, Luca Gironi, Andrea Giuliani, Paolo Gorla, Claudio Gotti, Giorgio Keppel, Maria Martinez, Silvio Morganti, Sergei Nagorny, Massimiliano Nastasi, Stefano Nisi, Claudia Nones, Donato Orlandi, Lorenzo Pagnanini, Marco Pallavicini, Vincenzo Palmieri, Luca Pattavina, Maura Pavan, Gianluigi Pessina, Valerio Pettinacci, Stefano Pirro, Stefano Pozzi, Ezio Previtali, Andrei Puiu, Claudia Rusconi, Karoline Schäffner, Claudia Tomei, Marco Vignati, and Anastasia Zolotarova
Subjects: neutrinoless double beta decay, Zn82Se scintillating cryogenic calorimeters, Majorana neutrino, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract: CUPID-0 is the first large array of scintillating Zn 82 Se cryogenic calorimeters (bolometers) implementing particle identification for the search of the neutrinoless double beta decay (0 ν β β ). The detector consists of 24 enriched Zn 82 Se bolometers for a total 82 Se mass of 5.28 kg and it has been taking data in the underground LNGS (Italy) since March 2017. In this article we show how the dual read-out provides a powerful tool for the α particles rejection. The simultaneous use of the heat and light information allows us to reduce the background down to (3.2 − 1.1 + 1.3 )×10 − 3 counts/(keV kg year), an unprecedented level for cryogenic calorimeters. In a total exposure of 5.46 kg year Zn 82 Se we set the most stringent limit on the 0 ν β β decay 82 Se half-life T 1 / 2 0 ν > 4.0 × 10 24 year at 90% C.I.
Published: 2018
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9. Iodoxybenzoic Acid Supported on Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Biomimetic Environmental Friendly Oxidative Systems for the Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes

Author: Bruno Mattia Bizzarri, Issam Abdalghani, Lorenzo Botta, Anna Rita Taddei, Stefano Nisi, Marco Ferrante, Maurizio Passacantando, Marcello Crucianelli, and Raffaele Saladino
Subjects: IBX, supported IBX, MWCNTs, gold, oxidation, aromatic alcohols, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) supported multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) derivatives have been prepared as easily recyclable solid reagents. These compounds have been shown to be able to mimic the alcohol dehydrogenases and monooxygenases promoted oxidation of aromatic alcohols to corresponding aldehydes. Their reactivity was found to be dependent on the degree of functionalization of MWCNTs as well as from the chemical properties of the spacers used to bind IBX on the surface of the support. Au-decorated MWCNTs and the presence of longer spacers resulted in the optimal experimental conditions. A high conversion of the substrates and yield of desired products were obtained.
Published: 2018
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10. The status of the HOLMES experiment

Author: Luca Origo, Bradley Alpert, Marco Balata, Daniel Becker, Douglas Bennett, Adriano Bevilacqua, Matteo Borghesi, Noemi Cerboni, Giancarlo Ceruti, Edvige Celasco, Matteo De Gerone, Rugard Dressler, Marco Faverzani, Elena Ferri, Joseph Fowler, Giovanni Gallucci, John Gard, Flavio Gatti, Andrea Giachero, Gene Hilton, Ulli Köster, Danilo Labranca, Maurizio Lusignoli, John Mates, Emilio Maugeri, Roberto Moretti, Stefano Nisi, Angelo Nucciotti, Luigi Parodi, Gianluigi Pessina, Stefano Ragazzi, Carl Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Dorothea Schumann, Fabio Siccardi, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, and Leila Vale
Published: 2023
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11. Status of HOLMES, an experiment for measuring the nu mass

Author: Elena Ferri, Bradley Alpert, Marco Balata, Daniel Becker, Douglas Bennett, Matteo Borghesi, Noemi Cerboni, Matteo De Gerone, Rugard Dressler, Marco Faverzani, Mariia Fedkevych, Joseph Fowler, Giovanni Gallucci, John Gard, Flavio Gatti, Andrea Giachero, Gene Hilton, Ulli Köster, Danilo Labranca, Maurizio Lusignoli, John Mates, Emilio Maugeri, Stefano Nisi, Angelo Nucciotti, Luca Origo, Gianluigi Pessina, Stefano Ragazzi, Carl Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Dorothea Schumann, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, and Leila Vale
Published: 2022
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12. Gene Expression Profiling as a New Real-Time Assay in Human Biomonitoring of Waste-to-Energy Plant Workers

Author: Alessio Balzerano, Federica Gevi, Stefano Nisi, Sara Rinalducci, Marzio Lasagni, and Ivan Arisi
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, General Medicine, Biochemistry
Abstract: Exposure to heavy metals represents one of the most important risk factors for the health of incinerator workers. Indeed, heavy metals can determine increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, we introduced the use of transcription profiling of detoxifying genes, involved in redox balance and genome integrity, as a highly sensitive assay of heavy metal exposure and subsequent oxidative stress. For this purpose, blood mRNA levels of OGG1, ST13, NQO1 and MT1A genes, as well as urinary concentrations of nine heavy metals and the oxidized base 8-OHdG of 49 subjects (26 controls and 23 employees in the waste-to-energy plant of San Zeno, Arezzo, Italy) were determined. No significant difference between the two populations was observed, thus highlighting, as far as the biomarkers analysed are concerned, the absence of occupational exposure to heavy metals and systemic oxidative stress induction in the workers of the waste-to-energy plant of San Zeno. Correlation analyses underline a close association between heavy metals exposure and changes in expression levels of a number of genes, even at low exposure doses, thus remarking the greater capacity of detection of transcription profiling compared to other biomarkers and the importance of its introduction in future human biomonitoring programs.
Published: 2022

13. Material Screening with Mass Spectrometry

Author: Francesco Ferella, Stefano Nisi, and Francesca Marchegiani
Subjects: Detection limit, Materials science, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, Radiochemistry, Analytical technique, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Scintillator, radio-purity, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Hf α-decay, lcsh:QC1-999, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, crystals, ultra-trace analysis, 010306 general physics, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, lcsh:Physics, isobaric interferences
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique. Because of its sensitivity, accuracy, multielement capability, high throughput, rapid analysis times and low detection limits, it is able to determine simultaneously long-lived radionuclides at trace and ultra-trace levels as well as isotope ratios. It has been increasingly applied in the framework of rare events experiments like those investigating the nature of dark matter and neutrinos, where the screening and selection of extremely radiopure materials for the experimental apparatus is crucial. Here, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements of the chemical purity of a Cs2HfCl6 crystal scintillator used to study α decay of naturally occurring Hf isotopes and its own raw materials are reported. Moreover, in the framework of the GERDA/LEGEND experiment, an overview of the ICP-MS results to monitor the recycling process of enriched germanium scraps is shown. Significant outcomes, such as low detection limits despite the small amount of sample to analyze and fast ICP-MS results, have been achieved in response to the challenges required by modern low background experiments.
Published: 2021

14. Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Generated from the Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Formations in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf

Author: Adriano Di Giovanni, Laura Manenti, Matthias Laubenstein, Rüdiger B. Richter, Mohamed Lotfi Benabderrahmane, F. Arneodo, Osama Fawwaz, Stefano Nisi, Giacomo Bruno, and M. Balata
Subjects: Naturally occurring radioactive material, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Radioactive waste, Vanadium, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Uranium, Radium, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental science, Carbonate, Petroleum, Nuclide
Abstract: For most of the petroleum reservoirs in the world, the impact of the mother nuclides such as uranium-238 on the deposition of radioactive materials a.k.a. NORM from the formation and particularly as mineral scales adherent to tubulars and other equipment is considered insignificant. Uranium is regarded as insoluble in the reservoir formation and the prevailing understanding is that dissolved radium is not generated necessarily by U and Th in solution. Consequently, “uranium scale”, as a technical term, seems to be non-existent in the oil and gas industry. However, gamma spectroscopy and chemical analysis of NORM scale samples of carbonate origin, performed in the course of this research, has proven that they actually can contain uranium. A fundamental relationship between uranium and vanadium in scales is presumed. The highest specific activity of 238U in scale analyzed with gamma spectroscopy was at 11.4 [Bq/g] and supplementary chemical analysis has shown concentrations of up to 740 ppm total uranium and up to 260 ppm vanadium.
Published: 2020
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15. CUORE opens the door to tonne-scale cryogenics experiments

Author: L. Canonica, L. Marini, Kevin Hickerson, J. Schmidt, Massimiliano Clemenza, Carlo Cosmelli, S. Copello, L. Gladstone, M. Guerzoni, L. Ma, J. Johnston, A. Leder, M. Iannone, Irene Nutini, Paolo Carniti, Vladimir Datskov, R. J. Creswick, M. M. Deninno, G. Fantini, F. Bellini, I. C. Bandac, Yu-Gang Ma, D. Santone, V. Sharma, C. Brofferio, P. J. Mosteiro, A. Caminata, Ezio Previtali, B. Welliver, Evelyn Ferri, H. Z. Huang, G. Keppel, K. E. Lim, X. G. Cao, F. Bragazzi, Ettore Fiorini, V. Novati, C. Rusconi, N. Chott, T. Wise, C. Crescentini, R. Gaigher, L. Zanotti, Andrea Giachero, C. Maiano, N. Moggi, C. Martinez Amaya, S. S. Nagorny, A. Pelosi, G. Piperno, D. Q. Adams, L. Risegari, K. Alfonso, F. Terranova, Davide Chiesa, C. Rosenfeld, Deqing Fang, S. Pagan, S. Dell'Oro, M. L. Di Vacri, D. Mayer, Samuele Sangiorgio, Stefano Nisi, P. T. Surukuchi, S. Morganti, S. Zucchelli, J. Camilleri, A. Nucciotti, M. Sisti, P. Gorla, E. V. Hansen, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, Elena Sala, L. Ioannucci, D. Speller, F. Alessandria, M. I. Martínez, Eugene E. Haller, C. Alduino, F. Rimondi, G. Ceruti, K. Wilson, L. Taffarello, Marisa Pedretti, R. Hennings-Yeomans, S. Pirro, Carlo Ligi, M. Faverzani, M. Beretta, Y. Mei, M. Tessaro, Jeffrey W. Beeman, M. Capodiferro, A. Bersani, N. D. Scielzo, M. Barucci, L. Cappelli, D. Biare, C. J. Davis, A. Camacho, Jonathan Ouellet, D. Conventi, J. Wallig, K. M. Heeger, L. Pagnanini, A. Giuliani, G. Bari, M. Cariello, Lindley Winslow, A. Campani, S. L. Wagaarachchi, M. Maino, Guoqiang Zhang, M. Carrettoni, R. Mazza, A. Branca, A. Bryant, J. Nikkel, C. Pira, H.W. Wang, M. Perego, T. I. Banks, S. Zimmermann, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, S. Ghislandi, T. O'Donnell, S. Di Domizio, Simone Capelli, R. W. Kadel, Stuart J. Freedman, G. Ventura, A. Drobizhev, C. Bulfon, C. Zarra, Laura Cardani, V. Dompè, M. Balata, L. Di Paolo, A. D'Addabbo, L. Pattavina, B. K. Fujikawa, Stefano Pozzi, Alan R. Smith, D. Orlandi, Larissa M. Ejzak, M. Vignati, B. X. Zhu, V. Pettinacci, L. Kogler, E. Celi, L. Tatananni, S.H. Fu, E. Andreotti, M. A. Franceschi, R. Cereseto, I. Dafinei, M. Sakai, D. D'Aguanno, F. Stivanello, R. G. Huang, D. Schaeffer, C. Guandalini, F. Orio, Vasundhara Singh, B. Schmidt, B. S. Wang, O. Azzolini, Kai Vetter, M. Olcese, Jeremy S. Cushman, V. Palmieri, Eric B. Norman, M. Guetti, T. Napolitano, M. Biassoni, F. Del Corso, R. Faccini, Giovanni Benato, A. Buccheri, C. Salvioni, Yu. G. Kolomensky, R. Pedrotta, Lorenzo Cassina, C. Nones, A. Puiu, Marco Pallavicini, S. Quitadamo, G. Pessina, James R. Wilson, R. Liu, Massimiliano Nastasi, M. Pavan, E. Olivieri, L. Gironi, F. T. Avignone, Claudio Gotti, N. Casali, F. Reindl, Oliviero Cremonesi, J. Goett, M. Tenconi, C. Pagliarone, C. Rossi, A. Chiarini, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, Adams, D, Alduino, C, Alessandria, F, Alfonso, K, Andreotti, E, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Bandac, I, Banks, T, Bari, G, Barucci, M, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bersani, A, Biare, D, Biassoni, M, Bragazzi, F, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bryant, A, Buccheri, A, Bucci, C, Bulfon, C, Camacho, A, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, X, Capelli, S, Capodiferro, M, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Cariello, M, Carniti, P, Carrettoni, M, Casali, N, Cassina, L, Celi, E, Cereseto, R, Ceruti, G, Chiarini, A, Chiesa, D, Chott, N, Clemenza, M, Conventi, D, Copello, S, Cosmelli, C, Cremonesi, O, Crescentini, C, Creswick, R, Cushman, J, D'Addabbo, A, D'Aguanno, D, Dafinei, I, Datskov, V, Davis, C, Corso, F, Dell'Oro, S, Deninno, M, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Di Vacri, M, Di Paolo, L, Drobizhev, A, Ejzak, L, Faccini, R, Fang, D, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, M, Freedman, S, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gaigher, R, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gladstone, L, Goett, J, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Guandalini, C, Guerzoni, M, Guetti, M, Gutierrez, T, Haller, E, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Hennings-Yeomans, R, Hickerson, K, Huang, R, Huang, H, Iannone, M, Ioannucci, L, Johnston, J, Kadel, R, Keppel, G, Kogler, L, Kolomensky, Y, Leder, A, Ligi, C, Lim, K, Liu, R, Ma, L, Ma, Y, Maiano, C, Maino, M, Marini, L, Martinez, M, Amaya, C, Maruyama, R, Mayer, D, Mazza, R, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Mosteiro, P, Nagorny, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novati, V, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olcese, M, Olivieri, E, Orio, F, Orlandi, D, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmieri, V, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pedretti, M, Pedrotta, R, Pelosi, A, Perego, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Piperno, G, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Reindl, F, Rimondi, F, Risegari, L, Rosenfeld, C, Rossi, C, Rusconi, C, Sakai, M, Sala, E, Salvioni, C, Sangiorgio, S, Santone, D, Schaeffer, D, Schmidt, B, Schmidt, J, Scielzo, N, Sharma, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Smith, A, Speller, D, Stivanello, F, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tatananni, L, Tenconi, M, Terranova, F, Tessaro, M, Tomei, C, Ventura, G, Vetter, K, Vignati, M, Wagaarachchi, S, Wallig, J, Wang, B, Wang, H, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Wise, T, Zanotti, L, Zarra, C, Zhang, G, Zhu, B, Zimmermann, S, Zucchelli, S, Adams D.Q., Alduino C., Alessandria F., Alfonso K., Andreotti E., Avignone F.T., Azzolini O., Balata M., Bandac I., Banks T.I., Bari G., Barucci M., Beeman J.W., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Bersani A., Biare D., Biassoni M., Bragazzi F., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bryant A., Buccheri A., Bucci C., Bulfon C., Camacho A., Camilleri J., Caminata A., Campani A., Canonica L., Cao X.G., Capelli S., Capodiferro M., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Cariello M., Carniti P., Carrettoni M., Casali N., Cassina L., Celi E., Cereseto R., Ceruti G., Chiarini A., Chiesa D., Chott N., Clemenza M., Conventi D., Copello S., Cosmelli C., Cremonesi O., Crescentini C., Creswick R.J., Cushman J.S., D'Addabbo A., D'Aguanno D., Dafinei I., Datskov V., Davis C.J., Del Corso F., Dell'Oro S., Deninno M.M., Di Domizio S., Dompe V., Di Vacri M.L., Di Paolo L., Drobizhev A., Ejzak L., Faccini R., Fang D.Q., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferroni F., Fiorini E., Franceschi M.A., Freedman S.J., Fu S.H., Fujikawa B.K., Gaigher R., Ghislandi S., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gladstone L., Goett J., Gorla P., Gotti C., Guandalini C., Guerzoni M., Guetti M., Gutierrez T.D., Haller E.E., Han K., Hansen E.V., Heeger K.M., Hennings-Yeomans R., Hickerson K.P., Huang R.G., Huang H.Z., Iannone M., Ioannucci L., Johnston J., Kadel R., Keppel G., Kogler L., Kolomensky Y.G., Leder A., Ligi C., Lim K.E., Liu R., Ma L., Ma Y.G., Maiano C., Maino M., Marini L., Martinez M., Amaya C.M., Maruyama R.H., Mayer D., Mazza R., Mei Y., Moggi N., Morganti S., Mosteiro P.J., Nagorny S.S., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Nikkel J., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E.B., Novati V., Nucciotti A., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olcese M., Olivieri E., Orio F., Orlandi D., Ouellet J.L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C.E., Pagnanini L., Pallavicini M., Palmieri V., Pattavina L., Pavan M., Pedretti M., Pedrotta R., Pelosi A., Perego M., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Piperno G., Pira C., Pirro S., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Quitadamo S., Reindl F., Rimondi F., Risegari L., Rosenfeld C., Rossi C., Rusconi C., Sakai M., Sala E., Salvioni C., Sangiorgio S., Santone D., Schaeffer D., Schmidt B., Schmidt J., Scielzo N.D., Sharma V., Singh V., Sisti M., Smith A.R., Speller D., Stivanello F., Surukuchi P.T., Taffarello L., Tatananni L., Tenconi M., Terranova F., Tessaro M., Tomei C., Ventura G., Vetter K.J., Vignati M., Wagaarachchi S.L., Wallig J., Wang B.S., Wang H.W., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L.A., Wise T., Zanotti L., Zarra C., Zhang G.Q., Zhu B.X., Zimmermann S., Zucchelli S., Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and CUORE
Subjects: Cryostat, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenic temperatures, Dilution refrigerator, Low temperature calorimeter, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Rare event searches, Ton-scale detector, Cryogenic temperatures, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Dilution refrigerator, Ton-scale detector, Low temperature calorimeter, Rare event searches, cryogenics, CUORE performance, Cryogenics, Rare event searche, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, CUORE, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Cryogenic particle detectors, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cryogenic temperature, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), CUORE performance, Semiconductor detector, cryogenics: design, cryogenics, Neutrino, business, performance
Abstract: The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution - comparable to semiconductor detectors - and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose. In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities. The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined., Comment: 45 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2022
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16. Radiopurity measurements of aluminum, copper and selenium materials for underground experiments and mass spectrometry development

Author: Pavel P. Povinec, J. Kaizer, and Stefano Nisi
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Materials science, Isotope, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Radiochemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Thorium, Uranium, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, Mass spectrometry, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Copper, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Spectroscopy, Selenium, Accelerator mass spectrometry
Abstract: Natural thorium and uranium found in construction components of underground experiments can significantly contribute to detector background. Here we present the determination of 232Th and 238U in selected selenium, aluminum and copper materials, exploiting a highly effective chromatography method based on the TRU Resin and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. While selenium samples as isotope sources were analyzed for the purpose of the SuperNEMO experiment, the results of aluminum and copper samples have been used for development of accelerator mass spectrometry for ultra-sensitive radiopurity analyses of construction materials. Semi-quantitative analysis was also conducted for some selenium and aluminum materials.
Published: 2019
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17. First search for 2ε and εβ+ processes in 168Yb

Author: Matthias Laubenstein, O. G. Polischuk, M. L. di Vacri, R. Bernabei, Stefano Nisi, A. Incicchitti, R. Cerulli, P. Belli, V. Caracciolo, D.V. Poda, B. N. Kropivyansky, F.A. Danevich, V. I. Tretyak, F. Cappella, and R. S. Boiko
Subjects: Ytterbium, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron capture, double beta decay, chemistry.chemical_element, YTTERBIUM OXIDE, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Excited state, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Underground laboratory, Positron emission, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The double-electron capture and the electron capture with positron emission in 168Yb have been investigated for the first time at the STELLA facility of the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (Italy) measuring 371 g of highly purified ytterbium oxide placed on the end-cap of a 465 cm3 ultra-low-background high purity Germanium detector (HPGe). No gamma associated to double beta processes in 168Yb have been observed after 2074 h of data taking. This has allowed setting the half-life limits on the level of lim ⁡ T 1 / 2 ∼ 10 14 – 10 18 yr at 90% C.L. Particularly, a lower half-life limit on a possible resonant neutrinoless double-electron capture in 168Yb to the ( 2 ) − 1403.7 keV excited state of 168Er is set as T 1 / 2 ≥ 1.9 × 10 18 yr at 90% C.L. Half-life limits T 1 / 2 2 ν ( 0 ν ) ≥ 4.5 ( 4.3 ) × 10 16 yr were set on the 2 ν ( 0 ν ) 2 β − decay of 176Yb to the 2 + 84.3 keV first excited level of 176Hf.
Published: 2019
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18. Background identification in cryogenic calorimeters through $$\alpha -\alpha $$ delayed coincidences

Author: Paolo Carniti, M. Biassoni, Massimiliano Nastasi, Stefano Nisi, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, A. Giuliani, Massimiliano Clemenza, M. Beretta, L. Pattavina, G. Keppel, C. Brofferio, Simone Capelli, S. Di Domizio, Laura Cardani, C. Rusconi, Davide Chiesa, L. Pagnanini, Stefano Pozzi, M. Pavan, Jeffrey W. Beeman, C. Nones, A. Puiu, M. Vignati, K. Schäffner, A. D'Addabbo, A. S. Zolotarova, I. Dafinei, V. Pettinacci, S. Pirro, D. Orlandi, O. Azzolini, Marco Pallavicini, G. Pessina, F. Bellini, Angelo Cruciani, Ezio Previtali, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, L. Gironi, S.S. Nagorny, Claudio Gotti, Oliviero Cremonesi, N. Casali, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Azzolini, O, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, Dafinei, I, D'Addabbo, A, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Martinez, M, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Orlandi, D, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schaffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, and Zolotarova, A
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, background identification, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC770-798, Delayed coincidence, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, neutrinoless double beta decay, QB460-466, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, radioactivity, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Double beta decay, low background, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Decay chain, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an]
Abstract: Localization and modeling of radioactive contaminations is a challenge that ultra-low background experiments are constantly facing. These are fundamental steps both to extract scientific results and to further reduce the background of the detectors. Here we present an innovative technique based on the analysis of $$\alpha -\alpha $$ α - α delayed coincidences in $${}^{232}$$ 232 Th and $${}^{238}$$ 238 U decay chains, developed to investigate the contaminations of the ZnSe crystals in the CUPID-0 experiment. This method allows to disentangle surface and bulk contaminations of the detectors relying on the different probability to tag delayed coincidences as function of the $$\alpha $$ α decay position.
Published: 2021
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19. High sensitivity characterization of an ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator with the SABRE proof-of-principle detector

Author: S. Milana, A. Di Ludovico, M. Iannone, V. Pettinacci, C. Vignoli, S. Copello, I. Dafinei, A. Di Giacinto, F. Marchegiani, Shahram Rahatlou, Andrea Mariani, Marcella Diemoz, Michael Souza, M. Wada, C. Tomei, D. Orlandi, L. Pietrofaccia, Francesco Nuti, Stefano Nisi, B. Suerfu, Frank Calaprice, An. Ianni, D. D'Angelo, Andrea Zani, G. Di Carlo, and Giulia D'imperio
Subjects: Physics, Zone melting, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Dark matter, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Crystal, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Sensitivity (electronics), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present new results on the radiopurity of a 3.4-kg NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator operated in the SABRE proof-of-principle detector setup. The amount of potassium contamination, determined by the direct counting of radioactive $^{40}$K, is found to be $2.2\pm1.5$ ppb, lowest ever achieved for NaI(Tl) crystals. With the active veto, the average background rate in the crystal in the 1-6 keV energy region-of-interest (ROI) is $1.20\pm0.05$ counts/day/kg/keV, which is a breakthrough since the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. Our background model indicates that the rate is dominated by $^{210}$Pb and that about half of this contamination is located in the PTFE reflector. We discuss ongoing developments of the crystal manufacture aimed at the further reduction of the background, including data from purification by zone refining. A projected background rate lower than $\sim$0.2 counts/day/kg/keV in the ROI is within reach. These results represent a benchmark for the development of next-generation NaI(Tl) detector arrays for the direct detection of dark matter particles.
Published: 2021

20. Measurement of $^{216}$Po half-life with the CUPID-0 experiment

Author: S. Di Domizio, Laura Cardani, Stefano Pozzi, A. Giuliani, Davide Chiesa, M. Vignati, Jeffrey W. Beeman, L. Pattavina, Massimiliano Clemenza, Simone Capelli, M. Pavan, A. D'Addabbo, M. Beretta, C. Brofferio, C. Rusconi, K. Schäffner, D. Orlandi, G. Keppel, V. Caracciolo, Stefano Nisi, F. Bellini, Paolo Carniti, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, V. Pettinacci, Massimiliano Nastasi, I. Colantoni, L. Pagnanini, S. S. Nagorny, Marco Pallavicini, G. Pessina, S. Pirro, C. Nones, A. Puiu, O. Azzolini, Angelo Cruciani, I. Dafinei, Ezio Previtali, Oliviero Cremonesi, Claudio Gotti, N. Casali, M. Biassoni, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, L. Gironi, A. S. Zolotarova, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Azzolini, O, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Caracciolo, V, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, Dafinei, I, D'Addabbo, A, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Martinez, M, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Orlandi, D, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schäffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, and Zolotarova, A
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Cryogenic calorimeters, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Sequence, Basis (linear algebra), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Event (computing), Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Delayed coincidence, Half-life measurement, Cryogenic calorimeter, Algorithm
Abstract: Rare event physics demands very detailed background control, high-performance detectors, and custom analysis strategies. Cryogenic calorimeters combine all these ingredients very effectively, representing a promising tool for next-generation experiments. CUPID-0 is one of the most advanced examples of such a technique, having demonstrated its potential with several results obtained with limited exposure. In this paper, we present a further application. Exploiting the analysis of delayed coincidence, we can identify the signals caused by the $^{220}$Rn-$^{216}$Po decay sequence on an event-by-event basis. The analysis of these events allows us to extract the time differences between the two decays, leading to a new evaluation of $^{216}$ half-life, estimated as (143.3 $\pm$ 2.8) ms., 5 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2021
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21. Mobile elites at Frattesina : flows of people in a Late Bronze Age ‘port of trade’ in northern Italy

Author: Marco Ferrante, Andrew R. Millard, Claudio Cavazzuti, Francesco Quondam, Luciano Salzani, Andrea Cardarelli, Stefano Nisi, Robin Skeates, and Claudio Cavazzuti, Andrea Cardarelli, Francesco Quondam, Luciano Salzani, Marco Ferrante, Stefano Nisi, Andrew R. Millard, Robin Skeates
Subjects: Bronze Age, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Frattesina, General Arts and Humanities, 010401 analytical chemistry, 06 humanities and the arts, migration, 01 natural sciences, Port (computer networking), 0104 chemical sciences, Northern italy, Geography, Economy, Italy, strontium isotopes, 0601 history and archaeology, Italy, Frattesina, Bronze Age, migration, strontium isotopes
Abstract: Following a mid twelfth-century BC demographic crisis, Frattesina, in northern Italy, arose as a prominent hub linking continental Europe and the Mediterranean, as evidenced by the remarkable variety of exotic materials and commodities discovered at the site. Debate persists, however, about the extent to which migrants influenced the foundation and development of Frattesina. The authors present the results of strontium isotope analyses, which suggest significant migration to the site, particularly of elites, mostly from within a 50km radius. Among these non-indigenous people, the authors identify a ‘warrior-chief’, whom they interpret as representing a new, more hierarchical society.
Published: 2019
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22. Characterization of cubic Li 2100 MoO 4 crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: Federico Ferri, Stefano Dell'Oro, J. Camilleri, V. Shlegel, N. Casali, R. Rizzoli, F. Bellini, A. Ressa, J. A. Scarpaci, C. Augier, Goran Karapetrov, G. Fantini, P. Gras, M. I. Martínez, F.A. Danevich, L. Pagnanini, P. T. Surukuchi, A. Drobizhev, S. H. Fu, C. Oriol, I. Dafinei, T. O'Donnell, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, P. Loaiza, Jie Yang, S. Copello, Haiping Peng, Oliviero Cremonesi, L. Wang, A. Franceschi, C. Pagliarone, Davide Chiesa, Paolo Carniti, A. Juillard, Andrea Barresi, V.I. Tretyak, E. V. Hansen, M. Xue, S. Zucchelli, C. Pira, O. G. Polischuk, X. F. Navick, R. J. Creswick, L. Marini, K. Wilson, I. Colantoni, D. Misiak, C. Rusconi, J. Billard, D. V. Poda, J. Johnston, Jonathan Ouellet, A. Charrier, A. Cruciani, S. L. Wagaarachchi, G. Bari, F. Collamati, V. Yumatov, J. Gascon, C. C. Chang, Stefano Nisi, Changbo Fu, G. Pessina, S. Pirro, L. Pattavina, S. Marnieros, Jie Zhang, G. Wang, G. D'Imperio, A. Cazes, Yuting Liu, E. Celi, Massimiliano Clemenza, A. Tsymbaliuk, Monica Sisti, Valentyn Novosad, I. Nutini, S. Milana, R. Nipoti, C. Nones, A. Puiu, M. Chapellier, H. Z. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, R. Mariam, B. Schmidt, G. Keppel, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Luigi Cappelli, D. Mayer, O. Tellier, L. Ma, Y. Mei, R. G. Huang, F. Mancarella, M. Faverzani, L. Dumoulin, M. Madhukuttan, H. Khalife, M. Gros, Kai Vetter, S. Di Domizio, D. Baudin, P. Pari, A. Armatol, Giovanni Benato, M. Beretta, Tomas Polakovic, L. Taffarello, Virendra Singh, Danielle Speller, Laura Cardani, K. M. Heeger, B. K. Fujikawa, E. Olivieri, Eric B. Norman, L. Yan, T. Napolitano, S. Pagan, M. Biassoni, B. Mauri, V. Pettinacci, M. de Combarieu, O. Azzolini, M. M. Zarytskyy, A. Giachero, Claudio Gotti, S. I. Konovalov, L. Gironi, Lindley Winslow, M. Pavan, James Nikkel, F. T. Avignone, Whitney Armstrong, V. Sanglard, L. Imbert, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, C. Brofferio, A. S. Barabash, Ezio Previtali, B. Welliver, P. de Marcillac, D. L. Helis, A. S. Zolotarova, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, B. Paul, A. Giuliani, Silvia Capelli, Massimiliano Nastasi, James R. Wilson, M. De Jesus, E. Armengaud, V. Sharma, Matias Velázquez, V. V. Kobychev, L. Bergé, A. Branca, C. Rosenfeld, V. Boldrini, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, Emanuele Ferri, Joseph A. Formaggio, S. Pozzi, V. Dompè, A. D'Addabbo, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CUPID, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Armatol A., Armengaud E., Armstrong W., Augier C., Avignone F.T., Azzolini O., Barabash A., Bari G., Barresi A., Baudin D., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Berge L., Biassoni M., Billard J., Boldrini V., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bucci C., Camilleri J., Capelli S., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Carniti P., Casali N., Cazes A., Celi E., Chang C., Chapellier M., Charrier A., Chiesa D., Clemenza M., Colantoni I., Collamati F., Copello S., Cremonesi O., J.Creswick R., Cruciani A., D'Addabbo A., D'Imperio G., Dafinei I., A.Danevich F., deCombarieu M., DeJesus M., deMarcillac P., Dell'Oro S., DiDomizio S., Dompe V., Drobizhev A., Dumoulin L., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferri F., Ferroni F., Figueroa-Feliciano E., Formaggio J., Franceschi A., Fu C., Fu S., Fujikawa B.K., Gascon J., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gorla P., Gotti C., Gras P., Gros M., Gutierrez T.D., Han K., Hansen E.V., Heeger K.M., Helis D.L., Huang H.Z., Huang R.G., Imbert L., Johnston J., Juillard A., Karapetrov G., Keppel G., Khalife H., Kobychev V.V., Kolomensky Y.G., Konovalov S., Liu Y., Loaiza P., Ma L., Madhukuttan M., Mancarella F., Mariam R., Marini L., Marnieros S., Martinez M., Maruyama R.H., Mauri B., Mayer D., Mei Y., Milana S., Misiak D., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Navick X.F., Nikkel J., Nipoti R., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E.B., Novosad V., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olivieri E., Oriol C., Ouellet J.L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C., Pagnanini L., Pari P., Pattavina L., Paul B., Pavan M., Peng H., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Pira C., Pirro S., V.Poda D., Polakovic T., Polischuk O.G., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Ressa A., Rizzoli R., Rosenfeld C., Rusconi C., Sanglard V., Scarpaci J.A., Schmidt B., Sharma V., Shlegel V., Singh V., Sisti M., Speller D., Surukuchi P.T., Taffarello L., Tellier O., Tomei C., Tretyak V.I., Tsymbaliuk A., Velazquez M., Vetter K.J., Wagaarachchi S.L., Wang G., Wang L., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L.A., Xue M., Yan L., Yang J., Yefremenko V., Yumatov V., Zarytskyy M.M., Zhang J., Zolotarova A., Zucchelli S., Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, J. Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, A. Danevich, F, Decombarieu, M, Dejesus, M, Demarcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Didomizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, X, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, V. Poda, D, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, O, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, V, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, M, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, and Zucchelli, S
Subjects: Mo-100, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), background: induced, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, measurement methods, bolometers, neutrinoless double beta decay, energy resolution, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Double Beta Decay, Nuclear Experiment, background: suppression, Physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), molybdenum: oxygen, Double-beta decay detector, Low Temperature Detector, lithium, Scintillation counter, Neutrino, photon: yield, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, bolometers, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenic detector, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], neutrinoless double beta decay, Particle identification method, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Double beta decay, CUPID, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), scintillation counter, Scintillation, molybdenum: nuclide, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, bibliography, crystal: geometry, Computational physics, efficiency, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li$$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO$$_4$$ 4 crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of ($$6.7\pm 0.6$$ 6.7 ± 0.6 ) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $$\alpha $$ α particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $$\alpha $$ α -induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2021
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23. Detectors and cultural heritage: The INFN-CHNet experience

Author: Laura Guidorzi, F. Albertin, Francesco Grazzi, Valerio Graziani, Andrea Fabbri, Lisa Castelli, Caroline Czelusniak, Mirko Massi, Anna Maria Gueli, Lorenzo Giuntini, Serena Barone, Leandro Sottili, Stefano Nisi, M. Bonesini, Giancarlo Pepponi, Lucia Liccioli, C. Ruberto, Sergio Augusto Barcellos Lins, A. Mazzinghi, Bárbara Smilgys, D. Di Martino, M. Carpinelli, Michele Prata, Andrea Salvini, Carmine Lubritto, Nicla Gelli, Alessandro Re, Matteo Bettuzzi, Simona Altieri, Valeria Sipala, Massimiliano Clemenza, Stefania Pasquale, Saverio Altieri, Lucilla Pronti, Martina Romani, Antonella Balerna, Rosa Brancaccio, Mariaelena Fedi, Giuseppe Stella, Luca Tortora, Francesco Taccetti, Francesca Giambi, P. Branchini, Maria Pia Morigi, Daniele Alloni, Mariangela Cestelli Guidi, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Francesca Marchegiani, Piernicola Oliva, Giuntini L., Castelli L., Massi M., Fedi M., Czelusniak C., Gelli N., Liccioli L., Giambi F., Ruberto C., Mazzinghi A., Barone S., Marchegiani F., Nisi S., Lubritto C., Altieri S., Tortora L., Branchini P., Fabbri A., Graziani V., Lins S.B., Guidorzi L., Giudice A.L., Re A., Sottili L., Balerna A., Guidi M.C., Pronti L., Romani M., Albertin F., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio R., Morigi M.P., Alloni D., Salvini A., Smilgys B., Prata M., Bonesini M., Di Martino D., Clemenza M., Carpinelli M., Oliva P., Sipala V., Gueli A.M., Pasquale S., Stella G., Pepponi G., Grazzi F., Taccetti F., Giuntini, Lorenzo, Castelli, Lisa, Massi, Mirko, Fedi, Mariaelena, Czelusniak, Caroline, Gelli, Nicla, Liccioli, Lucia, Giambi, Francesca, Ruberto, Chiara, Mazzinghi, Anna, Barone, Serena, Marchegiani, Francesca, Nisi, Stefano, Lubritto, Carmine, Altieri, Simona, Tortora, Luca, Branchini, Paolo, Fabbri, Andrea, Graziani, Valerio, Lins, Sergio Barcello, Guidorzi, Laura, Lo Giudice, Alessandro, Re, Alessandro, Sottili, Leandro, Balerna, Antonella, Cestelli Guidi, Mariangela, Pronti, Lucilla, Romani, Martina, Albertin, Fauzia, Bettuzzi, Matteo, Brancaccio, Rosa, Morigi, Maria Pia, Alloni, Daniele, Salvini, Andrea, Smilgys, Barbara, Prata, Michele, Altieri, Saverio, Bonesini, Maurizio, Di Martino, Daniela, Clemenza, Massimiliano, Carpinelli, Massimo, Oliva, Piernicola, Sipala, Valeria, Gueli, Anna Maria, Pasquale, Stefania, Stella, Giuseppe, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Grazzi, Francesco, Taccetti, Francesco, Giuntini, L, Castelli, L, Massi, M, Fedi, M, Czelusniak, C, Gelli, N, Liccioli, L, Giambi, F, Ruberto, C, Mazzinghi, A, Barone, S, Marchegiani, F, Nisi, S, Lubritto, C, Altieri, S, Tortora, L, Branchini, P, Fabbri, A, Graziani, V, Lins, S, Guidorzi, L, Giudice, A, Re, A, Sottili, L, Balerna, A, Guidi, M, Pronti, L, Romani, M, Albertin, F, Bettuzzi, M, Brancaccio, R, Morigi, M, Alloni, D, Salvini, A, Smilgys, B, Prata, M, Bonesini, M, Di Martino, D, Clemenza, M, Carpinelli, M, Oliva, P, Sipala, V, Gueli, A, Pasquale, S, Stella, G, Pepponi, G, Grazzi, F, Taccetti, F, Giuntini, L., Castelli, L., Massi, M., Fedi, M., Czelusniak, C., Gelli, N., Liccioli, L., Giambi, F., Ruberto, C., Mazzinghi, A., Barone, S., Marchegiani, F., Nisi, S., Lubritto, C., Altieri, S., Tortora, L., Branchini, P., Fabbri, A., Graziani, V., Lins, S. B., Guidorzi, L., Giudice, A. L., Re, A., Sottili, L., Balerna, A., Guidi, M. C., Pronti, L., Romani, M., Albertin, F., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Morigi, M. P., Alloni, D., Salvini, A., Smilgys, B., Prata, M., Bonesini, M., Di Martino, D., Clemenza, M., Carpinelli, M., Oliva, P., Sipala, V., Gueli, A. M., Pasquale, S., Stella, G., Pepponi, G., Grazzi, F., and Taccetti, F.
Subjects: Computer science, Neutron detector, X-ray detector, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, gamma-ray detector, lcsh:Chemistry, photon-counting detectors, Neutron detection, General Materials Science, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Instrumentation, particle detector, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Detectors for cultural heritage, Detectors for mass spectrometry, Gamma-ray detectors, Neutron detectors, Particle detectors, Photon-counting detectors, X-ray detectors, detectors for cultural heritage, neutron detectors, Detector, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, particle detectors, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, Scientific technique, Systems engineering, neutron detector, Particle detector, 0210 nano-technology, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), photon-counting detector, Instrumentation (computer programming), Gamma-ray detector, Spectrometer, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, 010401 analytical chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Cultural heritage, gamma-ray detectors, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Beamline, lcsh:TA1-2040, Photon-counting detector, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Physics, detectors for mass spectrometry
Abstract: Detectors are a key feature of the contemporary scientific approach to cultural heritage (CH), both for diagnostics and conservation. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics that develops and applies new instrumentation for the study of CH. This process results in both optimized traditional state-of-the-art and highly innovative detection setups for spectrometric techniques. Examples of the former are X-rays, gamma-rays, visible-light and particles spectrometers tailored for CH applications, with optimized performances, reliability, weight, transportability, cost, absorbed power, and complementarity with other techniques. Regarding the latter, examples are ARDESIA, the array of detectors at the DAΦNE-Light facility, the MAXRS detection setup at the Riken-RAL muon beamline and the imaging facilities at the LENA Laboratory. Paths for next-generation instruments have been suggested, as in the case of the X-ray Superconductive Detectors and X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers, allowing astonishing improvement in energy resolution. Many issues in CH can now be addressed thanks to scientific techniques exploiting the existing detectors, while many others are still to be addressed and require the development of new approaches and detectors.
Published: 2021

24. A CUPID Li$_2$ $^{100} $MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author: A. S. Barabash, V. Yumatov, G. D'Imperio, M. De Deo, Ezio Previtali, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, Evelyn Ferri, B. Welliver, L. Gironi, L. Marini, E. Guerard, D. Misiak, D. V. Poda, J. Johnston, V. Dompè, F. T. Avignone, Whitney Armstrong, A. Charrier, O. Tellier, I. Colantoni, A. D'Addabbo, S. Di Domizio, P. Pari, Tomas Polakovic, Massimiliano Clemenza, V. Shlegel, R. Mariam, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Luigi Cappelli, Monica Sisti, M. Pavan, S. Zucchelli, Laura Cardani, P. de Marcillac, C. Augier, Goran Karapetrov, X.-F. Navick, B. K. Fujikawa, Stefano Pozzi, L. Pagnanini, P. T. Surukuchi, O. Azzolini, G. Fantini, Federico Ferri, B. Schmidt, C. Oriol, C. Pagliarone, E. Celi, T. O'Donnell, S. H. Fu, S. Dell'Oro, Giovanni Benato, M. Xue, Yuting Liu, Ch. Bourgeois, C. C. Chang, Stefano Nisi, James R. Wilson, S. Milana, G. Olivier, A. Cruciani, A. Franceschi, Changbo Fu, I. Dafinei, M. Chapellier, C. Gotti, S. Copello, C. Brofferio, S. Pirro, Jie Yang, V. Sharma, D. L. Helis, A. Barresi, J. Camilleri, R. Rizzoli, L. Ma, L. Dumoulin, Davide Chiesa, A. S. Zolotarova, Paolo Carniti, V. Pettinacci, A. Juillard, A. Candela, M. Gros, M. Madhukuttan, I. C. Bandac, M. De Jesus, E. V. Hansen, O. G. Polischuk, A. Drobizhev, Ke Han, F. Bellini, A. Ressa, Reina H. Maruyama, V.I. Tretyak, F.A. Danevich, J. A. Scarpaci, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, M. Faverzani, Matias Velázquez, P. Loaiza, Kai Vetter, Massimiliano Nastasi, S. I. Konovalov, L. Taffarello, D. Reynet, V. V. Kobychev, L. Bergé, J. Gascon, V. Sanglard, L. Yan, L. Imbert, Virendra Singh, M. M. Zarytskyy, Valentyn Novosad, C. Rosenfeld, Danielle Speller, Andrea Giachero, N. Casali, A. Branca, L. Pattavina, A. Ianni, E. Olivieri, R. J. Creswick, Eric B. Norman, V. Boldrini, P. Gras, K. Wilson, S. Pagan, J. Billard, S. Marnieros, Li Wang, T. Napolitano, R. Nipoti, A. Cazes, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, C. Tomei, C. Pira, Haiping Peng, Oliviero Cremonesi, M. Biassoni, D. Mayer, Jonathan Ouellet, G. Bari, Lindley Winslow, M. de Combarieu, Joseph A. Formaggio, A. Tsymbaliuk, Y. Mei, A. Armatol, K. M. Heeger, R. G. Huang, F. Mancarella, B. Paul, M. I. Martínez, G. Pessina, Jie Zhang, C. Nones, A. Puiu, A. Giuliani, B. Mauri, James Nikkel, Irene Nutini, G. Wang, H. Z. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, G. Keppel, H. Khalife, E. Armengaud, D. Baudin, M. Beretta, S. L. Wagaarachchi, F. Collamati, Simone Capelli, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CUPID, CROSS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Armatol A., Armengaud E., Armstrong W., Augier C., Iii F.T.A., Azzolini O., Bandac I.C., Barabash A.S., Bari G., Barresi A., Baudin D., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Berge L., Bourgeois C., Biassoni M., Billard J., Boldrini V., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bucci C., Calvo-Mozota J.M., Camilleri J., Candela A., Capelli S., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Carniti P., Casali N., Cazes A., Celi E., Chang C., Chapellier M., Charrier A., Chiesa D., Clemenza M., Colantoni I., Collamati F., Copello S., Cremonesi O., Creswick R.J., Cruciani A., D'Addabbo A., D'Imperio G., Dafinei I., Danevich F.A., De Combarieu M., Deo M.D., Jesus M.D., De Marcillac P., Dell'Oro S., Domizio S.D., Dompe V., Drobizhev A., Dumoulin L., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferri F., Ferroni F., Figueroa-Feliciano E., Formaggio J., Franceschi A., Fu C., Fu S., Fujikawa B.K., Gascon J., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gorla P., Gotti C., Gras P., Gros M., Guerard E., Gutierrez T.D., Han K., Hansen E.V., Heeger K.M., Helis D.L., Huang H.Z., Huang R.G., Ianni A., Imbert L., Johnston J., Juillard A., Karapetrov G., Keppel G., Khalife H., Kobychev V.V., Kolomensky Y.G., Konovalov S.I., Liu Y., Loaiza P., Ma L., Madhukuttan M., Mancarella F., Mariam R., Marini L., Marnieros S., Martinez M., Maruyama R.H., Mauri B., Mayer D., Mei Y., Milana S., Misiak D., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Navick X.-F., Nikkel J., Nipoti R., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E.B., Novosad V., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olivier G., Olivieri E., Oriol C., Ouellet J.L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C., Pagnanini L., Pari P., Pattavina L., Paul B., Pavan M., Peng H., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Pira C., Pirro S., Poda D.V., Polakovic T., Polischuk O.G., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Ressa A., Reynet D., Rizzoli R., Rosenfeld C., Sanglard V., Scarpaci J.A., Schmidt B., Sharma V., Shlegel V.N., Singh V., Sisti M., Speller D., Surukuchi P.T., Taffarello L., Tellier O., Tomei C., Tretyak V.I., Tsymbaliuk A., Velazquez M., Vetter K.J., Wagaarachchi S.L., Wang G., Wang L., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L.A., Xue M., Yan L., Yang J., Yefremenko V., Yumatov V.I., Zarytskyy M.M., Zhang J., Zolotarova A.S., Zucchelli S., Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone F. T., I, Azzolini, O, Bandac, I, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Bourgeois, C, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Calvo-Mozota, J, Camilleri, J, Candela, A, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, F, De Combarieu, M, Deo, M, Jesus, M, De Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Guerard, E, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Ianni, A, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, X, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivier, G, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Poda, D, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, O, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Reynet, D, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, V, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, M, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, and Zucchelli, S
Subjects: gas and liquid scintillators), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Accurate estimation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Bolometer, Analytical chemistry, Double-beta decay, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenic detector, Radiopurity, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Particle identification, Particle identification methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Particle identification method, 0302 clinical medicine, CUORE, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detector array, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Event triggered, Physics, Lithium molybdate, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Double-beta decay detectors, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, Double-beta decay detector, Cryogenic detectors, Scintillators, Crystal scintillator, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation $0\nu2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between $\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2\beta$ decay in CROSS and CUPID projects., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021
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25. Search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{64}$$Zn and $$^{70}$$Zn with CUPID-0

Author: P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, Massimiliano Clemenza, L. Pattavina, L. Pagnanini, M. Beretta, S. Di Domizio, K. Schäffner, Claudio Gotti, Stefano Nisi, Paolo Carniti, Laura Cardani, Oliviero Cremonesi, Massimiliano Nastasi, Stefano Pozzi, C. Brofferio, A. S. Zolotarova, S. Pirro, M. Vignati, C. Rusconi, A. D'Addabbo, N. Casali, Angelo Cruciani, Ezio Previtali, Simone Capelli, G. Keppel, Davide Chiesa, Jeffrey W. Beeman, Marco Pallavicini, D. Orlandi, G. Pessina, E. Celi, A. Giuliani, C. Nones, A. Puiu, V. Pettinacci, M. Pavan, I. Dafinei, O. Azzolini, L. Gironi, F. Bellini, M. Biassoni, S.S. Nagorny, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Azzolini, O, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Celi, E, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Martinez, M, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Orlandi, D, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schaffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, and Zolotarova, A
Subjects: neutrinoless double beta decay, scintillating bolometers, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron capture, FOS: Physical sciences, electron: capture, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, isotope enrichment, bolometer, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Beta (velocity), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), scintilla- tion detector, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Gran Sasso, zinc: selenium, calorimeter: cryogenics, cryogenic calorimeter, scintillation counter: crystal, selenium: nuclide, bolometers, experimental results
Abstract: CUPID-0 is the first pilot experiment of CUPID, a next-generation project searching for neutrinoless double beta decay. In its first scientific run, CUPID-0 operated 26 ZnSe cryogenic calorimeters coupled to light detectors in the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we analyzed a ZnSe exposure of 11.34 kg year to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{70}$$70Zn and for the neutrinoless positron-emitting electron capture of $$^{64}$$64Zn. We found no evidence for these decays and set 90$$\%$$% credible interval limits of $$\hbox {T}_{1/2}^{0\nu \beta \beta }$$T1/20νββ($$^{70}$$70Zn) > 1.6 $$10^{21}$$1021 year and $$\hbox {T}_{1/2}^{0\nu EC \beta +}$$T1/20νECβ+($$^{64}$$64Zn) > 1.2$$\times 10^{22}$$×1022 year, surpassing by more than one order of magnitude the previous experimental results (Belli et al. in J Phys G 38(11):115107, https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/11/115107, 2011).
Published: 2020
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26. Lead isotope evidence of lead supply in ancient Ilduro (second-first centuries B.C.E.)

Author: Pier Renato Trincherini, Alejandro G. Sinner, Marco Ferrante, and Stefano Nisi
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Provenance, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Distribution (economics), 06 humanities and the arts, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Natural resource, Indigenous, Lead (geology), Geography, Peninsula, Anthropology, engineering, Period (geology), 0601 history and archaeology, Bronze, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In this article, we study the provenance of the lead contained in 22 objects found in the excavations conducted since 1998 on the ancient site of Ilduro (Cabrera de Mar, Barcelona), located in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. A selection of 12 bronze coins and 10 lead objects recovered from households, workshops, and the public baths of the town were examined by means of Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) to document the lead supply and trade networks between, on the one hand, the indigenous peoples known in the classical sources as the Laeetani and, on the other, the Roman provincial administration and the societates that controlled the natural resources, their exploitation, and distribution during the Late Republic (second-first centuries B.C.E.). There is no doubt about Rome’s dependence on the considerable output of the lead and silver from Hispanic mines during this period; however, very little is known on how these mines supplied and affected the lives of the local communities in Hispania over the course of time. This study helps to cover this gap in the existing literature. The results show how all the coins have lead isotope ratios with homogeneous values compatible with an origin in the Spanish mining district of Cartagena-Mazarron. The isotopic composition of the 10 lead objects is not homogeneous, and it is possible to identify three distinct clusters. The samples in cluster 3, which include all the artifacts from the bath complex, can also be attributed to the mining districts of Cartagena-Mazarron, demonstrating that a single mining district supplied the lead required for these two specific initiatives: minting and the construction of the baths. However, the provenance of the lead in the remaining samples (workshops and households) remains unresolved and in some cases might be a consequence of remelting or the direct mixing of leads with different origins. The data from Ilduro points towards the existence of different lead supply patterns in the settlement: directly from the mining exploitations for the public enterprises in contrast to the recycling and mixing practices detected in households and workshops.
Published: 2020
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27. Search for $\alpha$ decay of naturally occurring Hf-nuclides using a Cs$_2$HfCl$_6$ scintillator

Author: F. Cappella, S.S. Nagorny, V. Merlo, V. Caracciolo, Stefano Nisi, R. Cerulli, A. Incicchitti, R. Bernabei, P. Belli, Peng Wang, and M. Laubenstein
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, HP-Ge γ spectrometer, hafnium, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Crystal, 174Hf, 176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf, crystal scintillator, Cs2HfCl6, source = detector approach, low background experiment, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclide, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/04, Radiochemistry, Detector, Hafnium, chemistry, Caesium, National laboratory
Abstract: Residual radioactive contaminants of a caesium hafnium chloride (Cs$_2$HfCl$_6$) crystal scintillator have been measured in a low background setup at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN, Italy. The total alpha activity of the detector is at the level of 7.8(3) mBq/kg. The results of direct studies of the $\alpha$ decay of naturally occurring Hf isotopes that have been performed using the "source=detector" approach are presented. In 2848 h of data taking, the $\alpha$ decay of $^{174}$Hf was observed with T$_{1/2} = (7.0\pm1.2)\times10^{16} $ y., Comment: Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics, Section A
Published: 2020

28. Characterization of vanadium of biological origin for possible applications in physics experiments

Author: Matthias Laubenstein, S. Nagorny, Marco Ferrante, Stefano Nisi, and Tatsuya Ueki
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Potassium, chemistry.chemical_element, Vanadium, Fraction (chemistry), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Radiation Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Urochordata, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Radiochemistry, Thorium, General Medicine, Uranium, Pollution, chemistry, Isotopes of vanadium, Seawater, Selectivity
Abstract: For the first time, vanadium of biological origin, extracted from centrifugal fraction of vanadium-storing blood cells of the Ascidia sydneiensis samea species, was characterized as regards its isotopic composition and content of natural radioactive elements potassium (K), thorium (Th) and uranium (U). The natural abundance of vanadium isotopes has been confirmed with high accuracy, thus excluding a possible selectivity within bio-chemical reactions of vanadium concentration in blood cells from seawater. A large potassium concentration (up to 5500 × 10−6 g g−1) was found in the blood cell samples. The concentration of thorium was determined to be about 30 × 10−9 g g−1, while the uranium concentration was about 150 × 10−9 g g−1. Hence, a highly efficient two-stage purification approach with a total vanadium recovery of better than 70% was developed and applied. The final concentrations of K
Published: 2020

29. RES-NOVA sensitivity to core-collapse and failed core-collapse supernova neutrinos

Author: R. Strauss, Massimiliano Clemenza, Ettore Fiorini, V. Wagner, Stefano Nisi, L. Pagnanini, J. Rothe, M. Mancuso, L. Pattavina, S. Pirro, F. Petricca, F. Ferroni, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, L. Shtembari, S. Pozzi, A. Garai, A. Puiu, E. Celi, Lucia Canonica, L. Gironi, and S. Schönert
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Collapse (topology), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nova (laser), Astrophysics, Type II supernova, Core (optical fiber), Neutrino detector, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: RES-NOVA is a new proposed experiment for the investigation of astrophysical neutrino sources with archaeological Pb-based cryogenic detectors. RES-NOVA will exploit Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$��$NS) as detection channel, thus it will be equally sensitive to all neutrino flavors produced by Supernovae (SNe). RES-NOVA with only a total active volume of (60 cm)$^3$ and an energy threshold of 1 keV will probe the entire Milky Way Galaxy for (failed) core-collapse SNe with $> 3 ��$ detection significance. The high detector modularity makes RES-NOVA ideal also for reconstructing the main parameters (e.g. average neutrino energy, star binding energy) of SNe occurring in our vicinity, without deterioration of the detector performance caused by the high neutrino interaction rate. For the first time, distances $
Published: 2021
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30. Internal contamination of the Cs2HfCl6 crystal scintillator

Author: S. S. Nagorny, Matthias Laubenstein, Arnold Burger, Brandon Goodwin, Emmanuel Rowe, Stefano Nisi, M.L. DiVacri, C. Cardenas, and M. Groza
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radionuclide, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Hafnium, chemistry, Caesium, 0103 physical sciences, Decay chain, Nuclide, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: The internal contamination (radio-purity) of a cesium hafnium chloride (Cs 2 HfCl 6 ) crystal scintillator and its starting material (CsCl, HfCl 4 initial and after 3-fold static sublimation purification) was studied by HR-ICP-MS and with an ultra-low-background high purity germanium (ULB-HPGe) detector deep underground. This study was conducted for the purpose of assessing the feasibility of using CHC as a potential detector to the search for rare α decay occurring in Hafnium isotopes. Despite the low radio-purity of starting material, the resulting analysis concluded that the grown CHC crystal is free of nuclides of the U/Th natural decay chain. Only a limit was set on their activities to a few mBq/kg. However, the crystal was found to contain artificial and cosmogenic radionuclides: 137 Cs at 0.8 Bq/kg, 132 Cs at 25 mBq/kg, 134 Cs at 52 mBq/kg and 181 Hf at 14 mBq/kg.
Published: 2017
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31. Production and characterisation of a PbMoO4 cryogenic detector from archaeological Pb

Author: K. Schäffner, V. N. Shlegel, L. Pattavina, V. N. Zhdankov, L. Pagnanini, Stefano Nisi, S.S. Nagorny, C. Rusconi, S. Pirro, G. Pessina, Pattavina, L, Nagorny, S, Nisi, S, Pagnanini, L, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Rusconi, C, Schäffner, K, Shlegel, V, and Zhdankov, V
Subjects: Physics, Crystal, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Full width at half maximum, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Double beta decay, Detector, Crystal growth, Neutrino, Archaeology, Energy (signal processing), Particle identification
Abstract: We operated a $$\hbox {PbMoO}_4$$ scintillating cryogenic detector of 570 g, produced with archaeological lead. This compound features excellent low temperature characteristics in terms of light yield, 12 keV/MeV for $$\beta /\gamma $$ interactions, and FWHM energy resolution, 11.7 keV at 2.6 MeV. Furthermore, the detector allows for an effective particle identification by means of pulse shape analysis on the heat read-out channel. The implementation of innovative techniques and procedures for the purification of raw materials used for the crystal growth, and the highly-pure archaeological Pb, allowed for the production of large volume high-quality crystal. The overall characteristics of the detector operated at cryogenic temperatures makes $$\hbox {PbMoO}_4$$ an excellent compound for neutrino physics applications, especially neutrinoless double-beta studies.
Published: 2020

32. New limits on the resonant absorption of solar axions obtained with a $^{169}$Tm-containing cryogenic detector

Author: M. V. Trushin, L. Canonica, S. E. Sarkisov, J. Rothe, Matthias Laubenstein, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. V. Bakhlanov, Denis A. Lis, S.S. Nagorny, Stefano Nisi, A. H. Abdelhameed, I. S. Drachnev, V. V. Ryabchenkov, F. Petricca, V. N. Muratova, Peter Bauer, D. Fuchs, Kirill A. Subbotin, D. A. Semenov, A.C.S.S.M. Bento, F. Proebst, A. V. Derbin, M. Mancuso, I. S. Lomskaya, Evgeny V Zharikov, E. Bertoldo, E. V. Unzhakov, and D. Hauff
Subjects: Astroparticle physics, Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Detector, Bolometer, FOS: Physical sciences, Resonant absorption, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Crystal, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, law, Sensitivity (control systems), Atomic physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Axion, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: A search for resonant absorption of solar axions by $^{169}$Tm nuclei was carried out. A newly developed approach involving low-background cryogenic bolometer based on Tm$_3$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ crystal was used that allowed for significant improvement of sensitivity in comparison with previous $^{169}$Tm based experiments. The measurements performed with $8.18$ g crystal during $6.6$ days exposure yielded the following limits on axion couplings: $|g_{A\gamma} (g_{AN}^0 + g_{AN}^3) \leq 1.44 \times 10^{-14}$ GeV$^{-1}$ and $|g_{Ae} (g_{AN}^0 + g_{AN}^3) \leq 2.81 \times 10^{-16}$., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020
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33. Probing the absolute neutrino mass scale with the 163Ho: The HOLMES project

Author: D. A. Bennett, R Dressier, A. Puiu, M. Faverzani, Dorothea Schumann, Joseph W. Fowler, Stefano Nisi, G. Gallucci, John A. B. Mates, Dan Becker, S. Heinitz, Leila R. Vale, V. Ceriale, Joel N. Ullom, G. Pessina, Daniel S. Swetz, Daniel Schmidt, M. Lusignoli, Carl D. Reintsema, S. Ragazzi, Gene C. Hilton, Emanuele Ferri, Bradley K. Alpert, U. Koester, Johnathon D. Gard, M. De Gerone, M. Ribeiro-Gomes, A. Orlando, Michele Biasotti, James P. Hays-Wehle, Flavio Gatti, A. Giachero, Gerone, M, Alpert, B, Becker, D, Bennett, D, Biasotti, M, Ceriale, V, Dressier, R, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Fowler, J, Gallucci, G, Gard, J, Gatti, F, Giachero, A, Hays-Wehle, J, Heinitz, S, Hilton, G, Koester, U, Lusignoli, M, Mates, J, Nisi, S, Orlando, A, Pessina, G, Puiu, A, Ragazzi, S, Reintsema, C, Ribeiro-Gomes, M, Schmidt, D, Schumann, D, Swetz, D, Ullom, J, and Vale, L
Subjects: Physics, History, Electron capture, Detector, Computer Science Applications, Education, Computational physics, law.invention, SQUID, Data acquisition, Neutrino mass, law, Sensitivity (control systems), Neutrino, Transition edge sensor, Electron neutrino
Abstract: The HOLMES project aims to directly measure the electron neutrino mass using the electron capture decay (EC) of 163Ho down to the eV scale. It will perform a precise measurement of the end-point of the 163Ho calorimetric energy spectrum to search for the deformation caused by a finite electron neutrino mass. The choice of 163Ho as source is driven by the very low Q-value of the EC reaction (around 2.8 keV), which allows for a high sensitivity while keeping the overall activities to reasonable value (O(102)Hz/detector), thus reducing the pile-up probability. A large array made of thousands of Transition Edge Sensor based micro-calorimeters will be used for a calorimetric measurement of the EC 163Ho spectrum. The calorimetric approach, with the source embedded inside the detector, eliminates systematic uncertainties arising from the use of an external beta-source, and minimizes the effect of the atomic de-excitation process uncertainties. The commissioning of the first implanted sub-array is scheduled for the end of 2017. It will provide useful data about the EC decay of 163Ho together with a first limit on neutrino mass. In this paper the current status of the main tasks will be summarized: the TES array design and engineering, the isotope preparation and embedding, and the development of a high speed multiplexed SQUID read-out system for the data acquisition.
Published: 2020

34. Final results of the CUPID-0 Phase i experiment

Author: G. Keppel, C. Nones, N. Casali, A. Puiu, S. Pozzi, Massimiliano Clemenza, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Angelo Cruciani, Oliviero Cremonesi, S. S. Nagorny, Silvia Capelli, Massimiliano Nastasi, D. Orlandi, Marco Pallavicini, L. Pagnanini, C. Brofferio, A. S. Zolotarova, G. Pessina, A. Giuliani, L. Gironi, C. Gotti, I. Dafinei, Stefano Nisi, Paolo Carniti, M. Pavan, Davide Chiesa, S. Pirro, L. Pattavina, F. Bellini, Jeffrey W. Beeman, O. Azzolini, S. Di Domizio, Laura Cardani, M. Vignati, K. Schäffner, C. Rusconi, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, V. Pettinacci, M. Beretta, E. Previtali, M. Biassoni, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Casali, N, Azzolini, O, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, Dafinei, I, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Martinez, M, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Orlandi, D, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schaffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, and Zolotarova, A
Subjects: Physics, History, Detector, Phase (waves), talk: Toyama 2019/09/09, background: model, 01 natural sciences, Double beta decay, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computer Science Applications, Education, crystal, Gran Sasso, Nuclear physics, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter: cryogenics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], detector: resolution, 010306 general physics, Counting rate, experimental results
Abstract: International audience; A convincing observation of neutrino-less double beta decay (0vDBD) relies on the possibility of operating high-energy resolution detectors in background-free conditions. Scintillating cryogenic calorimeters are one of the most promising tools to fulfill the requirements for a next-generation experiment. Several steps have been taken to demonstrate the maturity of this technique, starting form the successful experience of CUPID-0. The CUPID-0 experiment collected almost 10 kg y of exposure, running 26 Zn82Se crystals during two years of continuous detector operation. The complete rejection of the dominant α background was demonstrated, measuring the lowest counting rate in the region of interest for this technique. Furthermore, the most stringent limit on the 82Se 0vDBD was established. In this contribution we present the final results of CUPID-0 phase-I, including a detailed model of the background and the measurement of the 2vDBD half-life.
Published: 2020
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35. Evidence of Single State Dominance in the Two-Neutrino Double- β Decay of Se82 with CUPID-0

Author: J. Kotila, C. Nones, N. Casali, A. Puiu, S. Di Domizio, Laura Cardani, Davide Chiesa, Stefano Pozzi, Angelo Cruciani, Ezio Previtali, L. Gironi, M. Vignati, L. Pattavina, A. Giuliani, Jeffrey W. Beeman, Massimiliano Clemenza, Oliviero Cremonesi, Stefano Nisi, Marco Pallavicini, G. Pessina, V. Pettinacci, Paolo Carniti, C. Brofferio, Claudio Gotti, S. S. Nagorny, Massimiliano Nastasi, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, C. Rusconi, F. Bellini, L. Pagnanini, Simone Capelli, M. Pavan, A. S. Zolotarova, S. Pirro, M. Beretta, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, K. Schäffner, I. Dafinei, O. Azzolini, D. Orlandi, G. Keppel, and M. Biassoni
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: We report on the measurement of the two-neutrino double-β decay of ^{82}Se performed for the first time with cryogenic calorimeters, in the framework of the CUPID-0 experiment. With an exposure of 9.95 kg yr of Zn^{82}Se, we determine the two-neutrino double-β decay half-life of ^{82}Se with an unprecedented precision level, T_{1/2}^{2ν}=[8.60±0.03(stat) _{-0.13}^{+0.19}(syst)]×10^{19} yr. The very high signal-to-background ratio, along with the detailed reconstruction of the background sources allowed us to identify the single state dominance as the underlying mechanism of such a process, demonstrating that the higher state dominance hypothesis is disfavored at the level of 5.5σ.
Published: 2019
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36. Na-based crystal scintillators for next-generation rare event searches

Author: I. I. Novoselov, S. Sorbino, Laura Cardani, S.S. Nagorny, K. Schäffner, S. Pirro, F. Bellini, Stefano Nisi, V.N. Shlegel, C. Rusconi, Jeffrey W. Beeman, L. Pagnanini, and V.D. Grigorieva
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scintillating bolometers, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Double beta decay, Particle identification, Crystal, Nuclear physics, Particle identification methods, 0103 physical sciences, Cryogenic detectors, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Event (particle physics), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The growing interest in clarifying the controversial situation in the Dark Matter sector has driven the experimental efforts towards new ways to investigate the long-standing DAMA/LIBRA result. Among them, low-temperature calorimeters based on Na-containing scintillating crystals offer the possibility to clarify the nature of the measured signal via particle identification. Here we report the first preliminary measurement of Na-containing crystals, based on a material different from NaI, i.e. Na 2 Mo 2 O 7 and Na 2 W 2 O 7 , pointing out their performance in terms of energy resolution, light yield, and particle identification.
Published: 2019

37. First direct search for $2 \epsilon$ and $ \epsilon\beta^{+}$ decay of 144Sm and $2 \beta^{-}$ decay of 154Sm

Author: M. Laubenstein, P. Belli, R. Bernabei, R. Cerulli, A. Incicchitti, Stefano Nisi, V. Caracciolo, Vl.I. Tretyak, R. S. Boiko, B. N. Kropivyansky, F.A. Danevich, D.V. Poda, A. Di Marco, O. G. Polischuk, F. Cappella, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron capture, Hadron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Nuclear physics, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Direct search, Beta (velocity), Positron emission, 010306 general physics, National laboratory, Ground state, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The first direct search for the double electron capture ($2\epsilon$) and the electron capture with positron emission ($\epsilon\beta^+$) in $^{144}$Sm to the ground state and to the excited levels of $^{144}$Nd was realized by measuring - over 1899 h - a 342 g sample of highly purified samarium oxide (Sm$_2$O$_3$) with the ultra-low background HP-Ge $\gamma$ spectrometer GeCris (465 cm$^3$) at the STELLA facility of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS). No effect was observed and half-life limits were estimated at the level of $T_{1/2} \sim (0.1-1.3) \times 10^{20}$ yr (90% C.L.). Moreover, for the first time half-life limits of the double beta ($2\beta^-$) decay of $^{154}$Sm to several excited levels of $^{154}$Gd have been set; they are at the level of $T_{1/2} \sim (0.06-8) \times 10^{20}$ yr (90% C.L.)., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures and 4 tables
Published: 2019
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38. Status of the HOLMES Experiment

Author: Joseph W. Fowler, M. Faverzani, M. Ribeiro-Gomez, Dorothea Schumann, Carl D. Reintsema, Daniel Schmidt, G. Gallucci, Evelyn Ferri, Ulli Köster, S. Ragazzi, F. Siccardi, A. Bevilaqua, Joel N. Ullom, M. Borghesi, L. Parodi, Stefano Nisi, M. Balata, A. Nucciotti, A. Puiu, John A. B. Mates, G. Ceruti, Emilio Andrea Maugeri, D. Bennet, D. Backer, Michele Biasotti, Bradley K. Alpert, M. De Gerone, Gene C. Hilton, Leila R. Vale, G. Pessina, Daniel S. Swetz, S. Heinitz, M. Lusignoli, Flavio Gatti, Andrea Giachero, Johnathon D. Gard, Rugard Dressler, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Faverzani, M, Alpert, B, Balata, M, Backer, D, Bennet, D, Bevilaqua, A, Biasotti, M, Borghesi, M, Ceruti, G, De Gerone, M, Dressler, R, Ferri, E, Fowler, J, Gallucci, G, Gard, J, Gatti, F, Giachero, A, Heinitz, S, Hilton, G, Köster, U, Lusignoli, M, Mates, J, Maugeri, E, Nisi, S, Nucciotti, A, Parodi, L, Pessina, G, Puiu, A, Ragazzi, S, Reintsema, C, Ribeiro-Gomez, M, Schmidt, D, Schumann, D, Siccardi, F, Swetz, D, Ullom, J, and Vale, L
Subjects: Photon, experimental methods, Electron capture, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, electron: capture, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, HOLMES, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Neutrino mass, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, calorimeter, General Materials Science, Sensitivity (control systems), holmium: nuclide, neutrino: mass, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Transition edge sensors, detector: design, activity report, Physics, Isotope, Condensed Matter Physics, sensitivity, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, pile-up, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino ma, Transition edge sensor
Abstract: International audience; The absolute neutrino mass is still an unknown parameter in the modern landscape of particle physics. The HOLMES experiment aims at exploiting the calorimetric approach to directly measure the neutrino mass through the kinematic measurement of the decay products of the weak process decay of $^{163}$Ho. This low energy decaying isotope, in fact, undergoes electron capture emitting a neutrino and leaving the daughter atom, $^{163}$Dy$^*$, in an atomic excited state. This, in turn, relaxes by emitting electrons and, to a considerably lesser extent, photons. The high-energy portion of the calorimetric spectrum of this decay is affected by the non-vanishing neutrino mass value. Given the small fraction of events falling within the region of interest, to achieve a high experimental sensitivity on the neutrino mass, it is important to have a high activity combined with a very small undetected pileup contribution. To achieve these targets, the final configuration of HOLMES foresees the deployment of a large number of $^{163}$Ho ion-implanted TESs characterized by an ambitiously high activity of 300 Hz each. In this paper, we outline the status of the major tasks that will bring HOLMES to achieve a statistical sensitivity on the neutrino mass as low as 2 eV/c$^2$.
Published: 2019
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39. New investigation of half-lives for the decay modes of V50

Author: S.S. Nagorny, Stefano Nisi, Kai Zuber, M. Laubenstein, and B. Lehnert
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron capture, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Underground laboratory, Beta (velocity), Sensitivity (control systems), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Order of magnitude, Lower limit
Abstract: A new search for the decay modes of the fourfold forbidden nonunique decay of $^{50}\mathrm{V}$ has been performed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS). In total, an exposure of 197 kg d has been accumulated. The half-life for the electron capture into the first excited state of $^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$ has been measured with the highest precision to date as $2.{67}_{\ensuremath{-}0.18}^{+0.16}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}$ yr (68% C.I.) in which systematics uncertainties dominate. The search for the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay into the first excited state of $^{50}\mathrm{Cr}$ resulted in a lower limit of $1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}$ yr (90% C.I.), which is an improvement of almost one order of magnitude compared to existing results. The sensitivity of the new measurement is now in the region of theoretical predictions.
Published: 2019
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40. Development of a multi-analytical approach for the characterization of ancient Roman lead ingots

Author: M. Carpinelli, Massimiliano Clemenza, Stefano Enzo, Marco Ferrante, Michele Prata, Oliviero Cremonesi, Andrea Salvini, Valeria Sipala, Alessandro Contini, Gabriele Mulas, Giovanni Baccolo, E. Fiorini, Stefano Nisi, Ezio Previtali, Maria Laura di Vacri, Clemenza, M, Contini, A, Baccolo, G, Di Vacri, M, Ferrante, M, Nisi, S, Carpinelli, M, Cremonesi, O, Enzo, S, Fiorini, E, Mulas, G, Prata, M, Previtali, E, Salvini, A, and Sipala, V
Subjects: INAA multi-elemental fingerprint, Ancient roman lead, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), 01 natural sciences, Lead isotopic ratio, Analytical Chemistry, Lead (geology), Mining engineering, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, TIMS, Spectroscopy, 060102 archaeology, Environmental and Occupational Health, 010401 analytical chemistry, Metallurgy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Lead isotopic ratios, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Pollution, 06 humanities and the arts, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Roman Empire, Cultural heritage, Health, Public Health, Radiology, Geology
Abstract: In the present work the characterization of six ingots of ancient Roman Lead, found on the seabed near Mal Di Ventre Isle (Sardinia-Italy), is presented. The ingots come from three different foundries, defined by following codes found on the particular ingots selves: SOCPONTILIENORUMMF, QAPPCF and MCPONTILIENORUMMF. The foundries were active about 2000 years ago in Sierra de Cartagena (Spain) where some of the most important lead mines of the Roman Empire were located. In order to identify the provenance of the ingots and to shed some lights on their manufacturing we applied a multi-analytical method, based on instrumental neutron activation analysis and thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Coupling the two techniques it was possible to obtain an accurate multi-elemental and isotopical fingerprint of the different ingots, giving some important results in the field of archeo-metallurgy. The possibility to perform such measurements with a non-destructive approach satisfies a very important request of the cultural heritage authorities involved in the protection and conservation of similar goods.
Published: 2016
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41. Measurement of 190Pt alpha decay modes with gamma emission using a novel approach with an ultra-low-background high purity germanium detector

Author: Matthias Laubenstein, Stefano Nisi, and S. S. Nagorny
Subjects: Optics, Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, Gamma ray, X-ray detector, Alpha decay, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Semiconductor detector
Abstract: A new measurement of 190Pt alpha decay modes to the first and second excited level of 186Os has been done at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS, Italy). With a new experimental set-up a total exposure of 23.107 kg d has been accumulated. The novel approach to detect rare decays made it possible to measure the half-life for the alpha decay into the first excited state of 190Pt with the highest precision to date as T1/2 = 2.59 ± 0.04 (stat.) ± 0.24 (syst.) × 1014 a, in which systematic uncertainties dominate. The search for the alpha decay into the second excited state of 186Os resulted in a lower limit of 2.8 × 1016 a (90% C.L.), which is nonetheless an improvement of one order of magnitude compared to existing results.
Published: 2021
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42. Results on 82Se 2νββ with CUPID-0 Phase I

Author: S. S. Nagorny, Angelo Cruciani, Marco Pallavicini, S. Pirro, Oliviero Cremonesi, C. Rusconi, D. Orlandi, O. Azzolini, V. Pettinacci, Massimiliano Clemenza, G. Keppel, I. Dafinei, Davide Chiesa, Jeffrey W. Beeman, Stefano Nisi, C. Brofferio, S. Di Domizio, C. Gotti, Laura Cardani, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, M. Vignati, A. S. Zolotarova, C. Nones, A. Puiu, N. Casali, Simone Capelli, L. Pagnanini, Paolo Carniti, F. Bellini, L. Gironi, G. Pessina, E. Previtali, M. Pavan, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, M. Beretta, K. Schäffner, Massimiliano Nastasi, A. Giuliani, S. Pozzi, M. Biassoni, L. Pattavina, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: History, Particle physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, crystal, Education, temperature: low, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], double-beta decay: (2neutrino), Beta (velocity), 010306 general physics, Absolute zero, media_common, Physics, nucleus: decay, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, nucleus: many-body problem, Fundamental interaction, Computer Science Applications, electron: spectrum, intermediate state, Neutrino, asymmetry, Radioactive decay
Abstract: The nucleus is an extraordinarily complex object where fundamental forces are at work. The solution of this many-body problem has challenged physicists for decades: several models with complementary virtues and flaws have been adopted, none of which has a universal predictive capability. Double beta decay is a second order weak nuclear decay whose precise measurement might steer fundamental improvements in nuclear theory. Its knowledge paves the way to a much better understanding of many body nuclear dynamics and clarifies, in particular, the role of multiparticle states. This is a useful input to a complete understanding of the dynamics of neutrino-less double beta decay, the chief physical process whose discovery may shed light to matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe and unveil the true nature of neutrinos. Here, we report the study of 2νββ-decay in 82Se with the CUPID-0 detector, an array of ZnSe crystals maintained at a temperature close to ‘absolute zero’ in an ultralow background environment. Thanks to the unprecedented accuracy in the measurement of the two electrons spectrum, we prove that the decay is dominated by a single intermediate state. We obtain also the most precise value for the 82Se 2νββ-decay half-life of T 1 / 2 2 ν = [ 8.6 + 0.2 − 0.1 ] × 10 19 yr.
Published: 2020
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43. Stable isotope ratio analysis combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for geographical discrimination between Italian and foreign saffron

Author: Matteo Perini, Francesco Ferella, Silvia Pianezze, Martina Foschi, Stefano Nisi, Marco Ferrante, Angelo Antonio D’Archivio, and Luca Ziller
Subjects: Isotope, 010405 organic chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, Chemistry, authentication, class-modelling, geographical classification, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, isotopes, saffron, 010401 analytical chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Isotopic composition, 0104 chemical sciences, Environmental chemistry, Settore CHIM/10 - CHIMICA DEGLI ALIMENTI, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Seventy-six samples of saffron were analysed through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and stable isotope ratio analysis. The dataset was formed by 67 samples harvested in different areas of Italy, Morocco and Iran, and nine samples purchased in the Italian market. For the first time, 42 elements and five stable isotopes (δ13 C, δ15 N, δ34 S, δ2 H and δ18 O) were considered to carry out the discrimination of the samples on the basis of their geographical origin. Combined ICP-MS and isotopic composition data turned out to be a useful tool for the geographical discrimination of saffron among predefined cultivation sites. K, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cs, Nd, Eu, Pb, δ13 C, δ15 N, δ34 S and δ2 H were identified as the significant variables in geographical discrimination. Moreover, the class models generated for saffron cultivated in two specific areas of Central Italy exhibited 100% specificity for Moroccan, Iranian and commercial samples and a high specificity (83% and 84%) for the saffron samples cultivated in other, although close, Italian sites.
Published: 2020
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44. The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures

Author: L. Gladstone, F. Alessandria, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, L. Marini, A. Rotilio, B. Romualdi, M. Guetti, R. Gaigher, T. Napolitano, Oliviero Cremonesi, M. L. Di Vacri, Stefano Nisi, L. Di Paolo, A. D'Addabbo, N. Chott, M. Biassoni, A. Nucciotti, S. Copello, S. L. Wagaarachchi, C. Alduino, Carlo Ligi, Massimiliano Clemenza, D. Biare, Vasundhara Singh, E. Tatananni, A. Pelosi, A. Corsi, M. Perego, Stefano Dell'Oro, Jonathan Ouellet, L. Cappelli, Monica Sisti, L. Ioannucci, M. Balata, C. Rusconi, P. Gorla, F. Terranova, J. Wallig, Emanuele Ferri, D. Santone, G. Ceruti, L. Pattavina, C. Pagliarone, Yu. G. Kolomensky, A. Chiarini, T. O'Donnell, A. Caminata, Ezio Previtali, M. Faverzani, C. Zarra, L. Taffarello, A. Drobizhev, D. Orlandi, M. A. Franceschi, Irene Nutini, Alduino, C, Alessandria, F, Balata, M, Biare, D, Biassoni, M, Bucci, C, Caminata, A, Canonica, L, Cappelli, L, Ceruti, G, Chiarini, A, Chott, N, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Corsi, A, Cremonesi, O, D'Addabbo, A, Dell'Oro, S, Di Paolo, L, Di Vacri, M, Drobizhev, A, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Franceschi, M, Gaigher, R, Gladstone, L, Gorla, P, Guetti, M, Ioannucci, L, Kolomensky, Y, Ligi, C, Marini, L, Napolitano, T, Nisi, S, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Orlandi, D, Ouellet, J, Pagliarone, C, Pattavina, L, Pelosi, A, Perego, M, Previtali, E, Romualdi, B, Rotilio, A, Rusconi, C, Santone, D, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Taffarello, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Wagaarachchi, S, Wallig, J, and Zarra, C
Subjects: Cryostat, General Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, neutrino, cryogenics, Classical Physics, Nuclear engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cryogenics, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, CUORE, law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Nuclear Experiment, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Detector, Bolometer, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Interdisciplinary Engineering, Neutrino, Event (particle physics)
Abstract: The CUORE experiment is the world’s largest bolometric experiment. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals, for a total mass of 742 kg. CUORE is presently taking data at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te. A large custom cryogen-free cryostat allows reaching and maintaining a base temperature of ∼ 10 mK, required for the optimal operation of the detector. This apparatus has been designed in order to achieve a low noise environment, with minimal contribution to the radioactive background for the experiment. In this paper, we present an overview of the CUORE cryostat, together with a description of all its sub-systems, focusing on the solutions identified to satisfy the stringent requirements. We briefly illustrate the various phases of the cryostat commissioning and highlight the relevant steps and milestones achieved each time. Finally, we describe the successful cooldown of CUORE.
Published: 2019

45. Result on the neutrinoless double beta decay search of 82 Se with the CUPID-0 experiment

Author: A. S. Zolotarova, Paolo Carniti, Stefano Nisi, A. Puiu, Oliverio Cremonesi, Angelo Cruciani, M. Clemenza, L. Pattavina, Ezio Previtali, Marco Pallavicini, M. Beretta, Sergio Di Domizio, A. D'Addabbo, L. Pagnanini, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, L. Gironi, N. Casali, M. Pavan, G. Pessina, Karoline Schäffner, Laura Cardani, Stefano Pozzi, V. Palmieri, C. Bucci, Silvia Capelli, Massimiliano Nastasi, Jeffrey W. Beeman, Claudia Nones, Lorenzo Cassina, Claudio Gotti, Maria Teresa Barrera, Silvio Morganti, M. Vignati, V. Pettinacci, Stefano Pirro, A. Giuliani, Sergei Nagorny, M. Biassoni, Lucia Canonica, F. Bellini, C. Rusconi, C. Brofferio, M. I. Martínez, Ioan Dafinei, Claudia Tomei, O. Azzolini, G. Keppel, D. Orlandi, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Bellini, F, Azzolini, O, Teresa Barrera, M, Beeman, J, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Canonica, L, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cassina, L, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Martinez, M, Morganti, S, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Orlandi, D, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmieri, V, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schäffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, and Zolotarova, A
Subjects: Semileptonic decay, lcsh:QC793-793.5, Large array, General Physics and Astronomy, Majorana neutrino, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Zn82Se scintillating cryogenic calorimeters, Zn82Se scintillating cryogenic calorimeter, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, law.invention, scintillation counter: cryogenics, Nuclear physics, mass: scale, background: low, bolometer, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Mass scale, neutrino: mass, 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, particle: energy, Bolometer, lcsh:Elementary particle physics, semileptonic decay, Gran Sasso, calorimeter: cryogenics, neutrino: Majorana, particle identification, α particles, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract: CUPID-0 is the first large array of scintillating Zn 82 Se cryogenic calorimeters (bolometers) implementing particle identification for the search of the neutrinoless double beta decay (0 ν β β ). The detector consists of 24 enriched Zn 82 Se bolometers for a total 82 Se mass of 5.28 kg and it has been taking data in the underground LNGS (Italy) since March 2017. In this article we show how the dual read-out provides a powerful tool for the α particles rejection. The simultaneous use of the heat and light information allows us to reduce the background down to (3.2 − 1.1 + 1.3 )×10 − 3 counts/(keV kg year), an unprecedented level for cryogenic calorimeters. In a total exposure of 5.46 kg year Zn 82 Se we set the most stringent limit on the 0 ν β β decay 82 Se half-life T 1 / 2 0 ν > 4.0 × 10 24 year at 90% C.I.
Published: 2019
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46. A Test of Bolometric Properties of Tm-containing Crystals as a Perspective Detector for the Solar Axion Search

Author: V. N. Muratova, E. V. Unzhakov, S. E. Sarkisov, A. V. Derbin, Denis A. Lis, Matthias Laubenstein, Evgeny V Zharikov, V. V. Ryabchenkov, Stefano Nisi, D. A. Semenov, E. Bertoldo, Kirill A. Subbotin, M. Mancuso, S.S. Nagorny, I. S. Drachnev, and F. Petricca
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Crystal, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Perspective (geometry), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), law, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclide, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Axion, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Bolometer, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computational physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Ground state, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The $^{169}$Tm nuclide has first nuclear level at 8.41 keV with magnetic type transition to the ground state and, therefore, can be used as a target nucleus for the search of resonant absorption of solar axions. We plan to use a Tm-containing crystal of a garnet family Tm$_3$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ as a bolometric detector in order to search for the excitation of the first nuclear level of $^{169}$Tm via the resonant absorption of solar axions. With this perspective in mind, a sample of the Tm$_3$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ crystal was grown and tested for its bolometric and optical properties. Measurements of chemical and/or radioactive contaminations were performed as well. In this paper we present the test results and estimate the requirements for a future low-background experimental setup., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2019
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47. First search for Lorentz violation in double beta decay with scintillating calorimeters

Author: S. S. Nagorny, C. Gotti, Oliviero Cremonesi, Massimiliano Clemenza, O. Azzolini, L. Pattavina, N. Casali, V. Pettinacci, I. Dafinei, C. Brofferio, S. Di Domizio, Angelo Cruciani, M. Pavan, Ezio Previtali, Stefano Pirro, Marco Pallavicini, Laura Cardani, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, D. Orlandi, Stefano Nisi, M. Vignati, Irene Nutini, G. Pessina, F. Bellini, Paolo Carniti, K. Schäffner, M. Biassoni, M. Beretta, C. Rusconi, S. Pozzi, L. Gironi, C. Nones, A. Puiu, A. S. Zolotarova, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Silvia Capelli, Massimiliano Nastasi, A. Giuliani, L. Pagnanini, G. Keppel, Davide Chiesa, Jeffrey W. Beeman, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CUPID, Azzolini, O, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, Dafinei, I, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Martinez, M, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Nutini, I, Orlandi, D, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schäffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, and Zolotarova, A
Subjects: Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Lorentz transformation, double beta decay, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Bayesian, law.invention, Lorentz violation, scintillating calorimeters, symbols.namesake, bolometer, law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Credible interval, calorimeter, Particle Physics Experiments, CPT violation, scintillating calorimeters, Limit (mathematics), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, scintillation counter, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bolometer, Isotropy, double-beta decay, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), violation: Lorentz, Calorimeter, Scintillation counter, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, experimental results
Abstract: We present the search for Lorentz violation in the double beta decay of ^{82}Se~with CUPID-0, using an exposure of 9.95 kg x y. We found no evidence for the searched signal and set a limit on the isotropic components of the Lorentz violating coefficient of $\mathring{a}_{\text{of}}^{(3)} < 4.1\cdot10^{-6}$ GeV (90\% Credible Interval). This results is obtained with a Bayesian analysis of the experimental data and fully includes the systematic uncertainties of the model. This is the first limit on $\mathring{a}_{\text{of}}^{(3)}$ obtained with a scintillating bolometer, showing the potentiality of this technique.
Published: 2019
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48. Geographical discrimination of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) using ICP-MS elemental data and class modeling of PDO Zafferano dell’Aquila produced in Abruzzo (Italy)

Author: Fabrizio Ruggieri, Maria Anna Maggi, Marco Ferrante, Angelo Antonio D’Archivio, Maria Laura di Vacri, and Stefano Nisi
Subjects: Chromatography, ved/biology, 010401 analytical chemistry, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Class model, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Linear discriminant analysis, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Class modeling, Principal component analysis, Crocus sativus, Multivariate statistical, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Safety Research, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Food Science, Slightly worse, Mathematics
Abstract: PDO (protected designation of origin) Zafferano dell’Aquila (AQ), Iranian (IR), and commercial (CS) saffron samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ICP-MS data of 30 elements were handled by unsupervised (principal component analysis (PCA)) and supervised (linear discriminant analysis (LDA)) multivariate statistical methods to identify a subset of discriminant variables useful for geographical classification. Moreover, class modeling of AQ saffron was performed by both UNEQ (unequal disperses classes) and SIMCA (soft independent modeling of class analogy) methods. A good differentiation of the AQ, IR, and CS samples was obtained by the LDA based on four selected elements: Sr, Ca, Mo, and Fe. A UNEQ class model for the PDO AQ saffron based on the above four elements provided 100% sensitivity (all authentic AQ saffron were accepted) and 100% specificity (all IR and CS were rejected), while slightly worse results were obtained using the SIMCA (89% sensitivity and 96% specificity).
Published: 2019

49. CUPID-0: A double-readout cryogenic detector for Double Beta Decay search

Author: D. Orlandi, Davide Chiesa, C. Brofferio, Jeffrey W. Beeman, G. Keppel, S. Di Domizio, C. Rusconi, M. Clemenza, Laura Cardani, K. Schäffner, Stefano Pozzi, L. Pattavina, M. Vignati, Claudio Gotti, S. S. Nagorny, M. Pavan, L. Pagnanini, I. Dafinei, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, Silvia Capelli, Marco Pallavicini, Massimiliano Nastasi, A. Giuliani, Paolo Carniti, G. Pessina, F. Bellini, C. Zolotarova, M. Beretta, V. Pettinacci, Stefano Pirro, C. Nones, A. Puiu, N. Casali, L. Gironi, M. Biassoni, O. Azzolini, C. Bucci, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Oliviero Cremonesi, S. Morganti, Angelo Cruciani, Ezio Previtali, Stefano Nisi, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Azzolini, O, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, Dafinei, I, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Martinez, M, Morganti, S, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Orlandi, D, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schaffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, and Zolotarova, C
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Crystal growth, macro-bolometers, Neutrino-less double beta decay, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), bolometer, law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, CUPID, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, selenium, Instrumentation, Scintillation, activity report, 010302 applied physics, Physics, background, Bolometer, Detector, zinc, Alpha background, Background level, Gran Sasso, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, ZnSe, calorimeter: cryogenics, scintillation counter: crystal, Cryogenic detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, scintillating cryogenic calorimeter, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, performance
Abstract: CUPID-0 is the first large mass neutrino-less double beta decay ( 0 ν β β ) experiment based on cryogenic calorimeters with dual read-out of light and heat for background rejection. The detector assembly, consisting of 26 ZnSe crystals, 2 natural and 24 enriched at 95% in 82Se, all coupled with bolometric light detectors, has been constructed respecting very strict protocols and procedures, from the material selection during crystal growth to the new and innovative detector framework, in the attempt to achieve the best performance of the array. The successful construction of the detector lead to promising preliminary results, here presented. The array is in fact taking data underground at LNGS (Italy) since March 2017 and the particle identification, enabled by the light read-out, provides an unprecedented background level, for cryogenic calorimeters, of only 3.2 counts keV − 1 t − 1 yr − 1 in the region of interest of the 0 ν β β search for 82Se, namely around 3 MeV.
Published: 2019
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50. Results on double beta decay of 82Se with CUPID-0 Phase i

Author: Davide Chiesa, Jeffrey W. Beeman, A. S. Zolotarova, G. Keppel, L. Pattavina, Massimiliano Clemenza, Stefano Nisi, C. Bucci, S. Di Domizio, N. Casali, C. Rusconi, Laura Cardani, C. Gotti, Paolo Carniti, C. Brofferio, M. Vignati, Simone Capelli, V. Pettinacci, Oliviero Cremonesi, M. Biassoni, S. Pirro, E. Previtali, L. Gironi, S. S. Nagorny, Angelo Cruciani, O. Azzolini, Marco Pallavicini, I. Dafinei, F. Bellini, S. Pozzi, L. Pagnanini, M. Pavan, C. Nones, A. Puiu, Massimiliano Nastasi, A. Giuliani, D. Orlandi, G. Pessina, M. Beretta, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, K. Schäffner, Pagnanini, L, Azzolini, O, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Capelli, S, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Cruciani, A, Dafinei, I, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Keppel, G, Nagorny, S, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Orlandi, D, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rusconi, C, Schaffner, K, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, Zolotarova, A, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: measurement methods, background: model, Phase (waves), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Lower limit, law.invention, Nuclear physics, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), bolometer, Region of interest, law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, double-beta decay: (2neutrino), 010306 general physics, background: radioactivity, scintillation counter, Physics, Measurement method, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bolometer, Detector, Gran Sasso, Scintillation counter, calorimeter: cryogenics, Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, Scintillating Bolometers, Cryogenic Detector, experimental results
Abstract: International audience; CUPID-0 is the first neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) experiment based on highly enriched scintillating bolometers. It consists in an array of Zn82Se detectors operated at LNGS since 2017. During the Phase I of data taking, concluded at the end of 2018, the experiment collected an exposure of 9.95 kg·yr of ZnSe. The simultaneous heat-light readout provides a powerful rejection of α-particles and allows us to suppress the background in the region of interest down to 3.5−0.9+1.0×10−3 counts/(keV·kg·y), an unprecedented level for this technique. Thanks to this achievement, we set the most stringent lower limit on the 82Se 0νββ half-life. Moreover, we have developed a full background model, which allows us to identify the origin of the events in the region of interest. The reconstruction of the CUPID-0 spectrum has enabled us to perform the most precise measurement of the 2νββ of 82Se.
Published: 2019
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