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Abstract Single-ion anisotropy is vital for the observation of Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) properties (i.e., a slow dynamics of the magnetization) in lanthanide-based systems. In the case of europium, the occurrence of this phenomenon has been inhibited by the spin and orbital quantum numbers that give way to J = 0 in the trivalent state and the half-filled population of the 4f orbitals in the divalent state. Herein, by optimizing the local crystal field of a quasi-linear bis(silylamido) EuII complex, the [EuII(N{SiMePh2}2)2] SMM is described, providing an example of a europium complex exhibiting slow relaxation of its magnetization. This behavior is dominated by a thermally activated (Orbach-like) mechanism, with an effective energy barrier of approximately 8 K, determined by bulk magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. Ab initio calculations confirm second-order spin-orbit coupling effects lead to non-negligible axial magnetic anisotropy, splitting the ground state multiplet into four Kramers doublets, thereby allowing for the observation of an Orbach-like relaxation at low temperatures.

Abstract We present bespoke energy efficiency optimizations in high performance computing (HPC) environments using holistic approach to data collection, analysis and proactive management of resources and workloads. Our solution has three major components: (i) platform for collecting, storing and processing data from multiple sources across hardware and software stacks, (ii) collections of regression machine learning (ML) algorithms for making workloads classifications and energy usage predictions, (iii) agent‐based decision‐making framework for delivering control decisions to middle‐ware and infrastructure thus supporting real time or near real energy efficiency optimizations. We will provide some concrete examples of using our proposed approach in HPC environment.

Magnetic molecules have chemically tunable electronic states that could be used for quantum technologies, but they are often surrounded by a nuclear spin bath causing decoherence. In this study, the authors experimentally investigate the electron-nuclear coupling approaching the clock transition and develop a simple theoretical model which gives a good qualitative understanding of the observed dynamics.

For molecular magnets and qubits, coupling between vibrations and electronic spins has a strong influence on spin state lifetime. Here, Kragskow et al present direct measurements of the vibronic transitions in a molecular magnet, showing the critical role of an “envelope effect” in the spectra.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic, and while its etiology is polygenic, the role of environmental contaminant exposure in T2DM pathogenesis is of increasing importance. However, the evidence presented in systematic reviews on the relationship between cadmium exposure and T2DM development is inconsistent. This overview aims to assess existing evidence from systematic reviews linking cadmium exposure to T2DM and select metabolic disorders in humans. Methods Searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, GEOBASE, BIOSIS Previews, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers (J.H and S.T.) will independently complete screening, data abstraction, risk of bias evaluation, and quality assessment. The primary outcome will be the association between cadmium exposure and T2DM prevalence. Secondary outcomes will include prediabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We will perform a meta-analysis if two or more studies assess similar populations, utilize analogous methods, have related study designs, and evaluate similar outcomes. Discussion This overview will assess current evidence from systematic reviews for the association between cadmium exposure and risk of T2DM and other metabolic morbidities. This overview may be helpful for policy-makers and healthcare teams aiming to mitigate T2DM risk in populations at risk of cadmium exposure. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019125956

Lumpfish is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sealice infestations in Atlantic salmon farms. Aeromonas salmonicida, a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen, is the causative agent of furunculosis in several fish species, including lumpfish. In this study, lumpfish were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of A. salmonicida to calculate the LD50. Samples of blood, head-kidney, spleen, and liver were collected at different time points to determine the infection kinetics. We determined that A. salmonicida LD50 is 102 CFU per dose. We found that the lumpfish head-kidney is the primary target organ of A. salmonicida. Triplicate biological samples were collected from head-kidney, spleen, and liver pre-infection and at 3- and 10-days post-infection for RNA-sequencing. The reference genome-guided transcriptome assembly resulted in 6246 differentially expressed genes. The de novo assembly resulted in 403,204 transcripts, which added 1307 novel genes not identified by the reference genome-guided transcriptome. Differential gene expression and gene ontology enrichment analyses suggested that A. salmonicida induces lethal infection in lumpfish by uncontrolled and detrimental blood coagulation, complement activation, inflammation, DNA damage, suppression of the adaptive immune system, and prevention of cytoskeleton formation.

Chronic pain – pain that persists for more than 3 months – is a global health problem and is associated with tremendous social and economic cost. Yet, current pain treatments are often ineffective, as pain is complex and influenced by numerous factors. Hypohydration was recently shown to increase ratings of pain in men, but studies in this area are limited (n = 3). Moreover, whether hypohydration also affects pain in women has not been examined. In women, changes in the concentrations of reproductive hormones across menstrual phases may affect pain, as well as the regulation of body water. This indicates potential interactions between the menstrual phase and hypohydration on pain, but this hypothesis has yet to be tested. This review examined the literature concerning the effects of the menstrual phase and hypohydration on pain, to explore how these factors may interact to influence pain. Future research investigating the combined effects of hypohydration and menstrual phase on pain is warranted, as the findings could have important implications for the treatment of pain in women, interpretation of previous research and the design of future studies.

Guidelines published in 2021 have supported natriuretic peptide (NP) testing for the prognostication in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and for the diagnosis of chronic and acute heart failure (HF). Our objective was to determine if the addition of N-terminal pro B-type NP (NT-proBNP) and glucose to high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) could better identify emergency department (ED) patients with potential ACS at low- and high-risk for a serious cardiovascular outcome over the next 72 h. The presentation sample in two different ED cohorts which enrolled patients with symptoms suggestive of ACS within six hours of pain onset (Cohort-1, n = 126 and Cohort-2, n = 143) that had Abbott hs-cTnI, Roche hs-cTnT, NT-proBNP and glucose were evaluated for NT-proBNP alone and combined with hs-cTn and glucose for the primary outcome (composite which included death, myocardial infarction, HF, serious arrhythmia and refractory angina) via receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses with area under the curve (AUC) and diagnostic estimates derived. The AUC for NT-proBNP for the primary outcome was 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.76) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.67–0.82) in Cohort-1 and 2, respectively, with the 125 ng/L cutoff yielding a higher sensitivity (≥75%) as compared to the 300 ng/L cutoff (≥58%). Using the 125 ng/L cutoff for NT-proBNP with the published glucose and hs-cTn cutoffs for risk-stratification produced a new score (GuIDER score for Glucose, Injury and Dysfunction in the Emergency-setting for cardiovascular-Risk) and yielded higher AUCs as compared to NT-proBNP (p < 0.05). GuIDER scores of 0 and 5 using either hs-cTnI/T yielded sensitivity estimates of 100% and specificity estimates > 92% for the primary outcome. A secondary analysis assessing MI alone in the overall population (combined Cohorts 1 and 2) also achieved 100% sensitivity for MI with a GuIDER cutoff ≥ 2, ruling-out 48% (Roche) and 38% (Abbott) of the population at presentation for MI. Additional studies are needed for the GuIDER score in both the acute and ambulatory setting to further refine the utility, however, the preliminary findings reported here may present a pathway forward for inclusion of NP testing for ruling-out serious cardiac events and MI in the emergency setting.

Fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials made from carbon sources that have been hailed as potential non-toxic replacements to traditional semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Particularly in the areas of live imaging and drug delivery, due to their water solubility, low toxicity and photo- and chemical stability. Carbohydrates are readily available chiral biomolecules in nature which offer an attractive and cheap starting material from which to synthesise FCDs with distinct features and interesting applications. This mini-review article will cover the progress in the development of FCDs prepared from carbohydrate sources with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications, including discussions on current challenges.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of adult disability. Since there is no cure for OA and no effective treatment to slow its progression, current pharmacologic treatments, such as analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), only alleviate symptoms, such as pain and inflammation, but do not inhibit the disease process. Moreover, chronic intake of these drugs may result in severe adverse effects. For these reasons, patients have turned to the use of various complementary and alternative approaches, including diverse dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, in an effort to improve symptoms and manage or slow disease progression. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic effects of FlexPro MD® (a mixture of krill oil, astaxanthin, and hyaluronic acid; FP-MD) in a rat model of OA induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). FP-MD significantly ameliorated joint pain and decreased the severity of articular cartilage destruction in rats that received oral supplementation for 7 days prior to MIA administration and for 21 days thereafter. Furthermore, FP-MD treatment significantly reduced serum levels of the articular cartilage degeneration biomarkers cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and crosslinked C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as mRNA expression levels of inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and matrix-degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, in the knee joint tissue. Our findings suggest that FP-MD is a promising dietary supplement for reducing pain, minimizing cartilage damage, and improving functional status in OA, without the disadvantages of previous dietary supplements and medicinal agents, including multiple adverse effects.

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La organización de la investigación se transforma de forma rápida y profunda en la mayoría de países. Las fronteras tradicionales de la ciencia se cuestionan por la influencia de la industria y el gobierno. Estas afectan a multitud de países y la investigación científica se lleva a cabo mediante diferentes imperativos cualitativos como respuesta a mercados diferentes a los que predominaron durante las décadas anteriores. Aparece un espacio social donde se rediscuten las fronteras entre las culturas de investigación. Para muchos gobiernos, el impacto de los cambios del sistema científico en el desarrollo social y cultural se convierten en una prioridad. Las instituciones son más competitivas, más orientadas en lo comercial, más estratégicas, al introducir prácticas y valores de gestión. En concreto, se analizan los cambios que se operan mediante un análisis longitudinal de los casos de España y Australia.