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Introduction/Objective. Previous investigations pointed to a notable frequency of periodontitis appearance in persons with mental disorders, but almost none of them were addressed to the periodontitis among young adults with mental disorders as a target group, which can have high public health significance. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis among young adults suffering mental disorders and to determine probable risk factors for their overall periodontal health. Methods. The investigation included two groups of patients, each group having 81 participants-the study group (young adults with mental disorders) and the control group (mentally healthy young adults). The study instruments included a questionnaire (age, gender, psychoactive substances use, and maintaining oral hygiene) and community periodontal index for both groups, and the data concerning primary disease of mentally deceased patients (diagnostic category, mental disorder duration, number of hospitalizations, and psychotropic medications). Results. In terms of psychoactive substances use and maintaining oral hygiene, statistically significant differences were observed between groups in all independent variables. Young adults with mental disorders shown a high prevalence of periodontitis compared to the mentally healthy young adults. Also, gender, smoking habits, and the use of antipsychotics exhibited as possible risk factors contributing current periodontal health of young mentally deceased patients. Conclusion. This study indicates the need for more consideration for periodontal health among people with mental disorders and determination of potential models for its improvement.

Introduction/Objective. Bone resorption is a common problem in dentistry, and bone reparation cannot be easily achieved. Several techniques of bone grafting and the use of low-level laser treatment (LLLT) as a new therapeutic optional recommended for improving bone repair were applied. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of LLLT in bone repair of artificially made bone defects in the rat mandible using histomorphometry. Methods. The research was carried out on 60 female rats. Bone defects were made in the mandible, and animals were divided into two groups, each containing 30 animals. In the study group, the implantation site was submitted to GaAlAs laser irradiation 670 nm, 5 mW, 4 minutes per day for 5 days. The control group had no postoperative treatment. The animals were sacrificed after two, six, and eight weeks post LLLT, and preparations were analysed by histomorphometry, determining bone area fraction, bone area, integral density, mean density, and density variation. Results. Histomorphometric analysis revealed statistically higher values of area fraction, area, and integral density in the study group after two and six weeks. However, no beneficial laser effect was noticed after eight weeks. Conclusion. Low-level lasers have a stimulating effect on reparatory mechanisms in the early regeneration stage of artificially made bone defects in the rat mandible and can be used as a useful helping method in bone treatment.

Introduction. A dentigerous cyst is a pathological lesion associated with the crown of the unerupted or impacted tooth. Decompression is proposed as the initial treatment for large cysts, especially in younger patients. The aim of this study was to present clinical, radiological, histopathological, and therapeutical aspects of the large dentigerous cyst in the maxilla. Case report. A 12-year-old boy with a large dentigerous cyst in the maxilla was referred to our clinic. A dentigerous cyst was associated with the crown of the unerupted maxillary left canine. Management of the cyst included initial decompression with biopsy, followed by secondary enucleation after 9 months and orthodontic treatment. Histopathological examination confirmed the definitive diagnosis of the dentigerous cyst. Conclusion. Initial decompression with a subsequent enucleation proved to be an effective treatment of choice for the large dentigerous cyst.

Background/Aim. A lingual foramen (LF) is a small opening on the lingual surface of the mandible, most frequently located in the middle of the anterior part of the mandible, and shows significant variations in its location, size, and number. The aim of this study was to assess the location and anatomical characteristics of LF using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. The research was designed as a retrospective study in which 99 CBCT scans were analyzed. The analysis covered the number of LF, their location concerning the teeth and the mandibular region itself, diameter, distance from the alveolar ridge crest, distance from the inferior border of the mandible, distance from the tooth apex, and position in relation to the tooth apex. Results. The average frequency of LF per patient was 2.4 ± 1.2. The largest number of LF were localized in the region of lower central incisors. Out of the total number of LF, 82.5% belonged to median LF, while 17.5% belonged to lateral LF. In 63.2% of cases, LF had a diameter of ≤ 1 mm, whereas, in 98.3% of cases, it was localized below the tooth apex. There was a statistically significant difference in the distance of LF from the alveolar ridge crest and the LF diameter in relation to gender (p = 0.019; p = 0.008). Conclusion. LF can be reliably localized and visualized using CBCT. It is recommended that CBCT scanning of the mandible be used while planning an oral surgical procedure and implant placement in order to prevent injuries of the neurovascular bundle, which passes through LF.

Introduction/Objective. Stress is proposed as one of the risk factors linked to periodontal disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant negative impact in population on mental and somatic health. This study aimed to examine the possible association between COVID-19 resultant stress and periodontal health. Methods. An observational pilot study was conducted from March 2020 to October 2021 and included 202 participants. Participants graded their stress level using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Periodontal Disease Index and Clinical Attachment Level were determined. Participants were categorized into following groups: Ia (low stress), IIa (moderate stress), IIIa (high stress) and Ib (healthy parodontium), IIb (mild periodontal disease), IIIb (severe periodontal disease). The cause/effect relationship between stress and health was measured. Results. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the groups classified according to the stress level concerning values of all the measured parameters. The Poisson regression analysis showed that in both models, crude and adjusted, periodontal health-related covariables were higher in subjects perceiving greater stress (Periodontal Disease Index – Pradjusted = 1.042, 95% CI [1.030–1.055] and Clinical Attachment Level – PRadjusted = 1.108, 95% CI [1.094–1.122]). Conslusion. During COVID-19 pandemic increased stress has a negative impact on mental health and may result in the deterioration of the entire oral cavity’s health, including the periodontium.

This study aimed to identify risk factors for amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement, assess quality of life, and analyze gingival tissue. This cross-sectional study involved hypertensive patients on amlodipine, divided into groups with and without gingival enlargement. Assessments included sociodemographic data, clinical evaluations, and clinical parameters. Quality of life was assessed using OHIP-14 and WB-HRQoL scales. Gingival tissue samples were analyzed for oxidative status and key molecules using RT-PCR and colorimetric assays. The study included 32 patients with no significant sociodemographic differences between groups (p > 0.05). Patients with gingival enlargement had higher systolic blood pressure (139.63 ± 10.743 vs. 128.38 ± 7.249, p = 0.028) and higher OHIP-14 scores. The RT-PCR analysis showed significant differences in IL-6, TNF-α, IL-33, ST2, TGF-β1, FGF-2, CTGF, VEGF-D, and KGF expression. IL-6, TNF-α, ST2, and FGF-2 expression levels were lower in patients taking amlodipine, with and without gingival enlargement. TGF-β1 and CTGF expression levels were highest in patients with amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement. SOD activity was also highest in these patients, whereas MDA levels were higher in patients with gingival enlargement without amlodipine. Our study highlights the impact of amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement on oral health and quality of life, emphasizing fibrosis and oxidative stress, and suggests the need for integrated healthcare approaches and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Different bone substitutes have been used for filling and reparation of intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to compare nanocrystalline material, biphasic calcium phosphate poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (BCP/PLGA) with deproteinised bovine bone (DPBB) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β- TCP) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Methods. The study included 24 patients with bilateral, intrabony defects in the region of the upper first and second premolar, and the upper first molar. On one side of the mouth, DPBB (BioOss®) was used to fill defects in upper premolars while β- TCP (RTR®) was used for the upper first molar. BCP/PLGA was applied into periodontal defects of the upper premolars and upper first molar of the opposite side. Results. The comparison of the BCP/PLGA and the β-TCP group, 6 months following filling of defects, showed a statistically significant reduction of periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and the position of the cementenamel junction (CEJ) in the group with BCP/PLGA, when compared to the β-TCP group. The reduction of PPD and CEJ was similar in the groups treated with BCP/PLGA and DPBB. Conclusion. Significant reductions of PPD and CEJ were registered in the group with BCP/PLGA when compared to the β- TCP group. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175021 i br. III45004]

Introduction. Therapeutic approach to jaw cysts may depend on their dimensions and localization. Enucleation of cystic lesion is not always preferable in the first act, especially if large cysts are in close proximity to important anatomical structures. The aim of this paper was to present the outcome of the treatment protocol comprising preoperative decompression and subsequent enucleation of a large maxillary cyst. Case report. A 21-year-old male patient with large asymptomatic radicular cyst in the right maxillary sinus was presented to our clinic. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed a large cyst, which perforated the right anterior maxillary wall by 1.5 cm, and was in the intimate contact with the orbital floor. Surgical treatment of the cystic lesion comprised: preoperative decompression with biopsy in the first act and enucleation, performed under general anesthesia, 6 months after the observation period. Conclusion. Decompression with subsequent enucleation proved to be effective treatment of large radicular cyst in maxillary sinus with low-morbidity. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175021]