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1. Review-evaluating the molecular assays for measuring the oxidative potential of particulate matter

Author

Hedayat F., Stevanovic S., Miljevic B., Bottle S., and Ristovski Z.D.

Subjects
DTT, DCFH-DA, PFN, BPEA-nit, Ascorbic acid, oxidative potential, Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Chemical industries, HD9650-9663
Abstract

Several cell-free assays are currently used to quantify and detect the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). All of them have certain limitations, do not provide direct comparison of results and, to date, none of these assays have been acknowledged as the most suitable acellular assay and none has yet been adopted for investigation of potential PM toxicity. These assays include DTT, ascorbic acid, DCFHDA and PFN assays which have been used in measurements of the particles generated from various combustion sources such as diesel engine, wood smoke (or biomass burning) and cigarette smoke, as well as for outdoor measurements. All the probes use different units for expressing redox properties of PM. Also, their reactivity is being triggered by different types of ROS. This limits the direct comparison of the results that are reporting the toxicity of the same aerosol type measured with various probes. This study is evaluating and comparing the various assays in order to develop deeper understanding of their capabilities, selectivity as well as improve understanding of the underlying chemical mechanisms.

Published
2015
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2. Application of profluorescent nitroxides for measurements of oxidative capacity of combustion generated particles

Author

Stevanovic S., Ristovski Z.D., Miljevic B., Fairfull-Smith K.E., and Bottle S.E.

Subjects
combustion particles, diesel particles (DPM), oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Chemical industries, HD9650-9663
Abstract

Oxidative stress caused by generation of free radicals and related reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the sites of deposition has been proposed as a mechanism for many of the adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM). Recently, a new profluorescent nitroxide molecular probe (BPEAnit) developed at QUT was applied in an entirely novel, rapid and non-cell based assay for assessing the oxidative potential of particles (i.e. potential of particles to induce oxidative stress). The technique was applied on particles produced by several combustion sources, namely cigarette smoke, diesel exhaust and wood smoke. One of the main findings from the initial studies undertaken at QUT was that the oxidative potential per PM mass significantly varies for different combustion sources as well as the type of fuel used and combustion conditions. However, possibly the most important finding from our studies was that there was a strong correlation between the organic fraction of particles and the oxidative potential measured by the PFN assay, which clearly highlights the importance of organic species in particle-induced toxicity.

Published
2012
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22. The status of Catholic liturgical music during the Second Vatican Council

Author

Peno Vesna Sara and Stevanović Sanja

Subjects
second vatican council, roman catholic church music, consilium ad exsequendam constitutionem de sacra liturgia, interdisciplinarity, Musical instruction and study, MT1-960
Abstract

The study deals with historical, social, cultural, and anthropological aspects of Roman Catholic liturgical music during the Second Vatican Council. After the Council’s closure, the determination of the boundary between sacred and secular music was postponed indefinitely. This was significantly contributed to by the activities of the Council for the Implementation of Decisions on the Holy Liturgy, professional church musicians, and their interaction. Insights into the process of preparation, Council’s decision-making, and implementation of the decisions in practice justified the need for an interdisciplinary approach in examining church music.

Published
2024
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24. Tumor-exclusive peptides from shared and individual antigens in the HLA-ligandome of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Author

Laban, S, additional, Ezic, J, additional, Bichmann, L, additional, Engelhardt, D, additional, Kestler, HA., additional, von Witzleben, A, additional, Thomas, J, additional, Mytilineos, J, additional, Fürst, D, additional, Döscher, J, additional, Schuler, PJ., additional, Brunner, C, additional, Hoffmann, TK., additional, Rammensee, H-G, additional, Stevanovic, S, additional, and Mühlenbruch, L, additional

Published
2021
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25. Tumor-exklusive Peptide von gemeinsamen und individuellen Antigenen im HLA-Ligandom von oropharyngealen Plattenepithelkarzinomen

Author

Laban, S, additional, Ezic, J, additional, Bichmann, L, additional, Engelhardt, D, additional, Kestler, HA., additional, von Witzleben, A, additional, Thomas, J, additional, Mytilineos, J, additional, Fürst, D, additional, Döscher, J, additional, Schuler, PJ., additional, Brunner, C, additional, Hoffmann, TK., additional, Rammensee, H-G, additional, Stevanovic, S, additional, and Mühlenbruch, L, additional

Published
2021
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32. The effect of diesel fuel sulphur and vanadium on engine performance and emissions

Author

Chu-Van, T, Surawski, N, Ristovski, Z, Yuan, CS, Stevanovic, S, Ashrafur Rahman, SM, Hossain, FM, Guo, Y, Rainey, T, and Brown, RJ

Subjects
Energy
Abstract

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Metallic composition of diesel particulate matter, even though a relatively small proportion of total mass, can reveal important information regarding engine conditions, fuel/lubricating oil characteristics and for health impacts. In this study, a detailed investigation into the metallic elemental composition at different particle diameter sizes has been undertaken. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed in order to investigate the correlation between the metallic element, measured engine performance and engine emission variables. Major sources of metallic elements in the emitted particles are considered in this study, including the fuel and lubricating oil compositions, engine wear emissions and metal-containing dust in the ambient air. Metallic solid ultrafine-particles (Dp < 100 nm) are strongly associated with metallic compounds derived from lubricating oil (Ca, Zn, Mg and K), while the fuel related metallic compounds and engine wear emissions are represented in the accumulation mode particle fraction (>100 nm). Calculated correlation matrices show a clear effect of engine load conditions and fuel S contents on particle number and mass emissions.

Published
2020

34. Effect of cold start on engine performance and emissions from diesel engines using IMO-Compliant distillate fuels

Author

Chu Van, T, Zare, A, Jafari, M, Bodisco, TA, Surawski, N, Verma, P, Suara, K, Ristovski, Z, Rainey, T, Stevanovic, S, and Brown, RJ

Subjects
Cold Temperature, Carbon Monoxide, Air Pollutants, Temperature, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Automobiles, Environmental Sciences, Sulfur, Gasoline, Ships, Vehicle Emissions
Abstract

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Emissions from ships at berth are small compared to the total ship emissions; however, they are one of the main contributors to pollutants in the air of densely-populated areas, consequently heavily affecting public health. This is due to auxiliary marine engines being used to generate electric power and steam for heating and providing services. The present study has been conducted on an engine representative of a marine auxiliary, which was a heavy duty, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled engine with a high pressure common rail injection system. Engine performance and emission characterisations during cold start are the focus of this paper, since cold start is significantly influential. Three tested fuels were used, including the reference diesel and two IMO (International Maritime Organization) compliant spiked fuels. The research engine was operated at a constant speed and 25% load condition after 12 h cooled soak. Results show that during cold start, significant heat generated from combustion is used to heat the engine block, coolant and lubricant. During the first minute, compared to the second minute, emissions of particle number (PN), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were approximately 10, 4, 2 and 1.5 times higher, respectively. The engine control unit (ECU) plays a vital role in reducing engine emissions by changing the engine injection strategy based on the engine coolant temperature. IMO-compliant fuels, which were higher viscosity fuels associated with high sulphur content, resulted in an engine emission increase during cold start. It should be taken into account that auxiliary marine diesel engines, working at partial load conditions during cold start, contribute considerably to emissions in coastal areas. It demonstrates a need to implement practical measures, such as engine pre-heating, to obtain both environmental and public health advantages in coastal areas.

Published
2019

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