Search

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multisystemic disease of unknown aetiology that is characterised by disabling chronic fatigue and involves both the immune and gastrointestinal (GI) systems. Patients display alterations in GI microbiome with a significant proportion experiencing GI discomfort and pain and elevated blood biomarkers for altered intestinal permeability compared with healthy individuals. To investigate a possible GI origin of ME/CFS we designed a feasibility study to test the hypothesis that ME/CFS pathogenesis is a consequence of increased intestinal permeability that results in microbial translocation and a breakdown in immune tolerance leading to generation of antibodies reactive to indigenous intestinal microbes. Secretory IgA and serum IgG levels and reactivity to intestinal microbes were assessed in five pairs of severe ME/CFS patients and matched same-household healthy controls. For profiling serum IgG we developed IgG-Seq which combines flow-cytometry based bacterial cell sorting and metagenomics to detect mucosal IgG reactivity to the microbiome. We uncovered evidence for immune dysfunction in severe ME/CFS patients that was characterised by reduced capacity and reactivity of serum IgG to stool microbes, irrespective of their source. This study provides the rationale for additional studies in larger cohorts of ME/CFS patients to further explore immune-microbiome interactions.

In most circumstances, mobile robots are stated to be autonomous, with collision avoidance being a crucial aspect of designing an autonomous mobile robot. The goal of this paper is to create a simple autonomous real-time collision-avoidance mobile robot that moves to utilise ultrasonic sensors and infrared modules. In this paper, a collision-avoidance mobile robot is designed with built-in intelligence that guides itself whenever an impediment is in its way and manoeuvre around them without any collision. This robotic vehicle is built with an AT Mega 328 microcontroller. An ultrasonic sensor detects any obstacles ahead of it and on either side of the robot, there are two infrared (IR) modules integrates to detect the obstructions and transmit an instruction to the microcontroller. The error generation is decreased with the help of the Kalman filter. Based on the input signal from different sensor integrated in the robot the microcontroller instructs to travel in a various direction by actuating the motors connected to it via a motor driver. Keywords: Mobile robot, autonomous robot, collision avoidance, surveillance, accuracy

The cynomolgus macaque, Macaca fascicularis, is a non-human primate (NHP) widely used in biomedical research as it shares behavioural, genetic, immunological and physiological similarities with humans. These similarities may extend to the enteric microbiome, with some microbial taxa common to both humans and NHPs. However, to date, the majority of these microbial surveys have focused on the prokaryome, and have largely ignored or overlooked the NHP gut mycobiome. To address this shortfall, we have undertaken a region-by-region taxonomic survey of the cynomolgus intestinal mycobiota, from duodenum to distal colon, of ten captive animals of differing age. Using a high-throughput ITS1 amplicon sequencing-based approach, we found that fungi from the Ascomycota phylum dominate the cynomolgus enteric mycobiota. The budding yeast genus Kazachstania was most abundant, with K. pintolopesii and K. telluris highly prevalent, and the predominant species in many of the intestinal samples. However, while K. pintolopesii was present throughout the primate GI tract, K. telluris was found mainly in the small intestine. In this study, K. pintolopesii was identified as the dominant enteric fungus in captive cynomolgus macaques. This contrasts with humans, where Candida albicans is a common member of the intestinal microbiota. To our knowledge, this is the first time K. pintolopesii has been identified as a primate gut commensal.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in infants and young children increasingly require one-lung anesthesia. However, the maintenance of norms of gas exchange is difficult during one-lung anesthesia in some infants. A combination of factors including added dead space of HME and the circle Y piece, intrathoracic inflation of CO2 and its pressure, airway resistance and bilateral lung disease contribute. Seeping blood from the operating lung soiling the endobronchial tube causes airway narrowing and obstruction adding to this difficulty especially during prolonged thoracoscopy. We report two cases: hypoxemia in one and hypercapnia in the other. Guidance on safe limits of permissive hypoxemia or hypercarbia in this scenario is vague. Therefore, irreversible hypoxemia and hypercarbia with changes in acid-base status should be considered as indications for swift conversion to open thoracotomy and abandon one-lung ventilation.

This study set out to isolate and identify epiphytic yeasts producing pulcherrimin, and to evaluate their potential as biological control agents (BCAs). We isolated Metschnikowia sp. strains from flowers and fruits collected in Poland. The plant material had been collected between April to September 2017 from two small orchards where traditional organic management is employed. We identified the essential phenotypic features of the yeast, including assimilation and enzymatic profiles, stress resistance, adhesion properties, and antimicrobial activity against various fungi involved in crop and/or food spoilage. Yeast screening was performed using YPD agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and Fe(III) ions. Taxonomic classification was determined by sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene. The isolates were identified as Metschnikowia andauensis and Metschnikowia sinensis. The yeast isolates were further characterized based on their enzymatic and assimilation profiles, as well as their growth under various stress conditions. In addition, the hydrophobicity and adhesive abilities of the Metschnikowia isolates were determined using a MATH test and luminometry. Their antagonistic action against molds representing typical crop spoiling microflora was also evaluated. The assimilation profiles of the wild isolates were similar to those displayed by collection strains of M. pulcherrima. However, some of the isolates displayed more beneficial phenotypic properties, especially good growth under stress conditions. Several of the epiphytes grew well over a wider range of temperatures (8–30 °C) and pH levels (3–9), and additionally showed elevated tolerance to ethanol (8%), glucose (30%), and peroxides (50 mM). The hydrophobicity and adhesion of the yeast cells were strain- and surface-dependent. The tested yeasts showed potential for use as BCAs, with some exhibiting strong antagonism against molds belonging to the genera Alternaria, Botrytis, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Verticillium, as well as against yeasts isolated as food spoilage microbiota.

We sought methods of rectifying microbiota:immune dysregulation as a route to prophylaxis and improved immunotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC develops in gut epithelium, accompanied by low level inflammatory signaling, intestinal microbial dysbiosis and immune dysfunction. We examined populations of intraepithelial lymphocytes in non-affected colonic mucosa of CRC and healthy donors and circulating immune memory to commensal bacterial species and yeasts. Colonic tissue in CRC was significantly depleted of γδ T cells and resident memory T cells, populations with a regulatory CD39-expressing phenotype. T cell memory responses to a panel of commensals were distinct in CRC, while B cell memory responses to several bacteria/yeast were significantly increased, accompanied by increased proportions of effector memory B cells, transitional B cells and plasmablasts in blood. IgA responses to mucosal microbes were unchanged. Our data describe a novel immune signature with similarities to and differences from that of inflammatory bowel disease. They implicate B cell dysregulation as a potential contributor to parainflammation and identify pathways of weakened barrier function and tumor surveillance in CRC-susceptible individuals.

Creatinine (CR) is a representative metabolic byproduct of muscles, and its sensitive and selective detection has become critical in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. In this study, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-assisted molecularly imprinted (MI) TiO2 nanothin films fabricated via liquid phase deposition (LPD) were employed for CR detection. The molecular recognition properties of the fabricated films were evaluated using fiber optic long period grating (LPG) and quartz crystal microbalance sensors. Imprinting effects were examined compared with nonimprinted (NI) pure TiO2 and PAA-assisted TiO2 films fabricated similarly without a template. In addition, the surface modification of the optical fiber section containing the LPG with a mesoporous base coating of silica nanoparticles, which was conducted before LPD-based TiO2 film deposition, contributed to the improvement of the sensitivity of the MI LPG sensor. The sensitivity and selectivity of LPGs coated with MI films were tested using CR solutions dissolved in different pH waters and artificial urine (near pH 7). The CR binding constants of the MI and NI films, which were calculated from the Benesi–Hildebrand plots of the wavelength shifts of the second LPG band recorded in water at pH 4.6, were estimated to be 67 and 7.8 M−1, respectively, showing an almost ninefold higher sensitivity in the MI film. The mechanism of the interaction between the template and the TiO2 matrix and the film composition was investigated via ultraviolet–visible and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. In addition, morphological studies using a scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope were conducted. The proposed system has the potential for practical use to determine CR levels in urine samples. This LPG-based label-free CR biosensor is innovative and expected to be a new tool to identify complex biomolecules in terms of its easy fabrication and simplicity in methodology.

Yeast strains and acetic acid bacteria were isolated from spoiled soft drinks with characteristic flocs as a visual defect. Polymerase chain reaction and amplification of a partial region of the LSU rRNA gene identified the bacteria as Asaia spp. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA in turn identified the yeast isolates as Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Dekkera bruxellensis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The hydrophobicity and adhesion properties of the yeasts were evaluated in various culture media, taking into account the availability of nutrients and the carbon sources. The highest hydrophobicity and best adhesion properties were exhibited by the R. mucilaginosa cells. Our results suggest that Asaia spp. bacterial cells were responsible for the formation of flocs, while the presence of yeast cells may help to strengthen the structure of co-aggregates.

Although fungi are fundamental to the human microbiome, the diversity and dynamics of the mycobiome is poorly understood, particularly in considering their association with infectious disease, autoimmune disorders and atopy that affect immunocompromised individuals and infants. Characterising the human mycobiome faces several challenges relating to their low abundance and lack of standardized procedures for sample collection and isolation of viable cells and/or quality genetic material for culture-dependent and independent taxonomic and functional characterisation. To address these issues, we have developed a mycobiome analysis pipeline employing both culture-dependent and independent methods to identify as well as isolate, where possible, the fungal taxa populating the human intestinal tract. In a proof-of-concept study this pipeline has been used to identify fungal populations in faecal samples obtained from a small cohort of young infants, aged 2 years or younger. All were born prematurely, and severely immunocompromised and at risk from invasive and potentially lethal microbial infections, including those caused by fungal overgrowth. We have used this combined approach successfully to identify the fungi present in each individual infant, and to recover viable isolates. To date, Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis are the most frequently isolated fungi. While both are major opportunistic human fungal pathogens, C. parapsilosis is particularly problematic to preterm babies, due to its innate ability to form biofilms. Detailed characterisation of these isolates is currently underway. Two large-scale longitudinal microbiome studies have started at the Quadram Institute, and our validated analysis pipeline will be incorporated to define the fungal component of each study participant.

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death associated with inflammation, neurodegeneration, and ischemia. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) has been reported to prevent ferroptosis, but the mechanism by which this occurs is controversial. To elucidate the biochemical mechanism of vitamin E activity, we systematically investigated the effects of its major vitamers and metabolites on lipid oxidation and ferroptosis in a striatal cell model. We found that a specific endogenous metabolite of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol hydroquinone, was a dramatically more potent inhibitor of ferroptosis than its parent compound, and inhibits 15-lipoxygenase via reduction of the enzyme's non-heme iron from its active Fe3+ state to an inactive Fe2+ state. Furthermore, a non-metabolizable isosteric analog of vitamin E which retains antioxidant activity neither inhibited 15-lipoxygenase nor prevented ferroptosis. These results call into question the prevailing model that vitamin E acts predominantly as a non-specific lipophilic antioxidant. We propose that, similar to the other lipophilic vitamins A, D and K, vitamin E is instead a pro-vitamin, with its quinone/hydroquinone metabolites responsible for its anti-ferroptotic cytoprotective activity.

In this study, a total of 30 yeast strains belonging to the genera Dipodascus, Galactomyces, Geotrichum, Magnusiomyces and Saprochaete were investigated for volatile organic compound production using HS-SPME-GC/MS analysis. The resulting flavour profiles, including 36 esters and 6 alcohols compounds, were statistically evaluated by cluster and PCA analysis. Two main groups of strains were extracted from this analysis, namely a group with a low ability to produce flavour and a group producing mainly alcohols. Two other minor groups of strains including Saprochaete suaveolens, Geotrichum marinum and Saprochaete gigas were diverging significantly from the main groups precisely because they showed a good ability to produce a large diversity of esters. In particular, we found that the Saprochaete genus (and their closed relatives) was characterized by a high production of unsaturated esters arising from partial catabolism of branched chain amino-acids. These esters were produced by eight phylogenetically related strains of Saprochaete genus.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe an innovative senior-level leadership development programme in housing association, East Thames Group, which was designed to build the capabilities needed to lead the organisation through a transformation in its culture and working practices. The programme engaged leaders in navigating and shaping culture change in East Thames and in so doing significantly enhanced their capacity for self-awareness, decision making and collaboration. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a descriptive narrative of the leadership development process from its inception in November 2011, through the experience of two cohorts comprising 40 senior managers during 2012, to the formal conclusion of the process in January 2013. The narrative employs a modified version of the hero's journey to describe the process of individual and organisational development during this period. Findings – The paper proposes an effective alternative to prescriptive, competency-based, leadership programmes which is grounded instead in a problem-solving approach where capacity-building results from participants acting on “wicked” organisational problems and learning by leading. Research limitations/implications – Learning by leading is a flexible, highly contextualised alternative to programmatic approaches to leadership development. The challenges faced by East Thames will be familiar to leaders in both public and private sectors. This methodology is relevant wherever the strategic goal is a dual transformation in organisation performance and leadership capacity. Practical implications – The paper includes a model of leadership development based on five stages of the hero's journey. These design principles translate into a structure – a container – where leaders can think, act and learn together in order to decide how and where to intervene in their situation to make a difference. Originality/value – The paper presents a rare longitudinal description of a senior level leadership development process which used a complex organisational problem as a vehicle for both leadership agency and leadership learning.

Graphite, the dominant anode in rechargeable lithium batteries, operates at ∼0.1 V versus Li+/Li and can result in lithium plating on the graphite surface, raising safety concerns. Titanates, for example, Li4Ti5O12, intercalate lithium at∼1.6 V versus Li+/Li, avoiding problematic lithium plating at the expense of reduced cell voltage. There is interest in 1 V anodes, as this voltage is sufficiently high to avoid lithium plating while not significantly reducing cell potential. The sulfides, LiVS2 and LiTiS2, have been investigated as possible 1 V intercalation electrodes but suffer from capacity fading, large 1st cycle irreversible capacity or polarization. Here we report that the 50/50 solid solution, Li1+x(V0.5Ti0.5)S2, delivers a reversible capacity to store charge of 220 mAhg−1 (at 0.9 V), 99% of theoretical, at a rate of C/2, retaining 205 mAhg−1 at C-rate (92% of theoretical). Rate capability is excellent with 200 mAhg−1 at 3C. C-rate is discharge in 1 h. Polarization is low, 100 mV at C/2. To the best of our knowledge, the properties/performances of Li(V0.5Ti0.5)S2 exceed all previous 1 V electrodes., Lithium sulfides have been previously investigated as 1 V anodes for Li-ion batteries, but suffered from significant performance issues. Here, the authors report on a 1 V lithium sulfide electrode with noteworthy performance, demonstrating that sulfide-based electrodes may merit further exploration.

Attention to performance monitoring of Australian drug law enforcement (DLE) agencies has increased in recent years. Yet history has shown efforts often come to nothing. Indeed the status quo - where there are undefined goals and scant reliable indicators of performance - has been maintained, despite 25 years of calls for improvement. The purpose of this article is to refocus attention from how Australian DLE performance monitoring ought to be measured, to the impediments to and prospects for reform. By critically examining the historical and policy drivers underpinning Australian DLE performance monitoring, five impediments to reform are put forward, including political unwillingness to expose the true capacities of DLE. This article contends that: while violating best-practice principles, the under-measurement of DLE suits various institutional and political rationales; and unless these drivers are addressed efforts to improve performance monitoring will continue to fail or fall short. Strategies for facilitating reform are outlined, including targeted advocacy.

Erwin Schrodinger introduced in 1935 the concept of ‘steering’, which generalizes the famed Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox. Steering sits in between quantum entanglement and non-locality — that is, entanglement is necessary for steering, but steering can be achieved, as has now been demonstrated experimentally, with states that cannot violate a Bell inequality (and therefore non-locality).

The nonprofit sector is increasingly faced with the challenges of adopting unfamiliar orientations focusing on customer service and quality which historically have been more usually associated with the commercial for-profit sector. Such organizations are also facing financial and competitive pressures which are also more commonly associated with the commercial world and market economies. These factors tend to imply that nonprofit organizations should adopt a market orientation. Indeed many initiatives offered by public and nonprofit organizations are now defined as “social marketing.” This article presents empirical evidence from a case study of an innovative supported-housing project for homeless street drinkers and considers the barriers faced when implementing the project. Issues surrounding top management leadership, service design, service quality, consumer engagement, and the engagement of frontline customers facing service delivery personnel are considered, as these would expect to be evident in a service organization with a strong market orientation. However, considering that the project was implemented contrary to the express wishes of both the organization's internal market of its service employees and the primary target market of its service users, conclusions are drawn within a conceptual framework that agrees with the need to consider a social rather than a market orientation to the provision of such services within nonprofit organizations.

Phylogenetic trees underlie our understanding of yeast evolution and are also proving instrumental in the development of a more robust yeast classification system based upon natural (i.e. evolutionary) relationships. In an effort to refine/improve taxonomic resolution, recent studies have focused on the use of multigene rather than single gene sequencing. Nevertheless, searches to determine 'the tree' remain problematic, as they can often overlook conflicts in the dataset. In such instances, phylogenetic networks such as neighbor-nets and consensus networks can provide a more useful and indeed more informative alternative means of analysis. In this study, we have used the latter two phylogenetic network techniques to reanalyze the multigene sequence dataset of Kurtzman & Robnett, which was used to redefine the taxonomy of the family Saccharomycetaceae. Results from our analyses show that, in general, established clades are robust. However, they also reveal conflict between mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded genes and indicate the existence of complex patterns of hybridization and introgression not detected in the original study. These patterns are discussed in relation to how they may impact upon the current classification of this group of yeasts.

International audience; In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing the yeast flora associated with diverse types of habitat because of the many potential desirable technological properties of these microorganisms, especially in food applications. In this study, a total of 101 yeast strains were isolated from the skins of tropical fruits collected in several locations in the South West Indian Ocean. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene identified 26 different species. Among them, two species isolated from the skins of Cape gooseberry and cocoa beans appeared to represent putative new yeast species, as their LSU D1/D2 sequence was only 97.1% and 97.4% identical to that of the yeasts Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida pararugosa, respectively. A total of 52 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) were detected by Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction coupled to Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (HS–SPME–GC/MS) from the 26 yeast species cultivated on a glucose rich medium. Among these VOCs, 6 uncommon compounds were identified, namely ethyl but-2-enoate, ethyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate (ethyl tiglate), ethyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate, 2-methylpropyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate, butyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate and 3-methylbutyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate, making them possible yeast species-specific markers. In addition, statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis allowed to associate each yeast species with a specific flavor profile. Among them, Saprochaete suaveolens (syn: Geotrichum fragrans) turned to be the best producer of flavor compounds, with a total of 32 out of the 52 identified VOCs in its flavor profile.

The paper examines trends in the policing of right‐wing violence in Australia. It describes and assesses the threat of violence from explicit right‐wing organizations, and outlines developments in the ‘hate’ crime phenomenon. The paper identifies several of the communities in Australia most vulnerable to such crime, such as the Indigenous community and in recent years members of the Islamic community. The paper explains and critiques national and local legislative and law enforcement responses to crimes of hate and violence based on racist and other discriminatory sentiments. It concludes by advocating a commitment by police services to a human rights enforcement ethic which renders intolerable the victimization of vulnerable communities by crimes motivated through hate.

A long-standing lumbar artery aneurysm associated with a right iliac aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae is unusual. We report such a case of a 77-year-old female patient presenting with 6-months of backache radiating to both thighs and relieved by rest. Forty-three years prior to presentation she underwent a uterine dilatation and curettage for a missed abortion. This was complicated by uterine perforation and small bowel injury that was repaired at laparotomy. The clinical features and diagnostic and treatment options are discussed, with emphasis on the value of MRI, angiography and endovascular therapy. Coil embolisation was felt to be the most appropriate treatment of the lumbar artery aneurysms. The potential complications can be minimized by use of coils and selective catheterization. The current case demonstrates the difficulty of making a precise diagnosis and the importance of collateral branches that can re-perfuse the aneurysm despite exclusion of the primary inflow. The importance of follow-up angiography and repeat embolisation is also emphasised.

Police Reform: Building Integrity; Edited by Tim Prenzler and Janet Ransley (2002) Sydney: Hawkins Press, xiv + 234 pp., ISBN 1 8676067152 Crime and Modernity; By John Lea (2002) London: Sage, 213 pp., ISBN 0803975570 Prison Violence: The Dynamics of Conflict, Fear and Power; By Kimmett Edgar, Ian O'Donnell and Carol Martin (2003) Devon:Willan Publishing, 230 pp., ISBN 1903240980 Beyond the Tariff: Human Rights and the Release of Life Sentence Prisoners; By Nicola Padfield (2002) Devon:Willan Publishing, 208 pp., ISBN 1903240883 Captive Audience: Media, Masculinity and Power in Prisons; By Yvonne Jewkes (2002) Collompton:Willan Publishing, 224 pp., ISBN 1903240654 Policing, Ethics and Human Rights; By Peter Neyroud and Alan Beckley (with contributions by Paul Collier and Julia Clayton) (2001) Cullompton, Devon:Willan Publishing, 256pp, ISBN 1903240158.

Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis was recently discovered in the 'tea fungus' used to make fermented tea. Z. kombuchaensis was shown by ribosomal DNA sequencing to be a novel species, and a close relative of Zygosaccharomyces lentus, from which it could not be distinguished by conventional physiological tests. Z. lentus was originally established as a new taxon by growth at 4 degrees C, sensitivity for heat and oxidative stress, and lack of growth in aerobic shaken culture at temperatures above 25 degrees C. Subsequent analysis of Z. kombuchaensis reveals that this species shares these unusual characteristics, confirming its close genealogical relationship to Z. lentus. Detailed physiological data from a number of Z. kombuchaensis and Z. lentus strains clearly demonstrate that these two species can in fact be distinguished from one another based on their differing resistance/sensitivity to the food preservatives benzoic acid and sorbic acid. The spoilage yeasts Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Z. lentus are resistant to both acetic acid and sorbic acid, whereas Z. kombuchaensis is resistant to acetic acid but sensitive to sorbic acid. This would indicate that Z. kombuchaensis strains lack the mechanism for resistance to sorbic acid, but possess the means of resistance to acetic acid. This observation would therefore suggest that these two resistance mechanisms are different, and that in all probability acetic and sorbic acids inhibit yeast growth by different modes of action. Z. kombuchaensis strains were also sensitive to benzoic acid, again suggesting inhibition dissimilar from that to acetic acid.

Five British ale yeast strains were subjected to flavour profiling under brewery fermentation conditions in which all other brewing parameters were kept constant. Significant variation was observed in the timing and quantity of flavour-related chemicals produced. Genetic tests showed no evidence of hybrid origins in any of the strains, including one strain previously reported as a possible hybrid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. bayanus. Variation maintained in historical S. cerevisiae ale yeast collections is highlighted as a potential source of novelty in innovative strain improvement for bioflavour production. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nigeria is a nation blessed beyond the borders of lack, yet Nigeria may be described from the planes as an impoverished state. A cross section of the dissection of the problems anchored within reveals that poverty and lack are the sole conditions upon which evident incongruities rest. Poverty of the soul, purse and of the mind or intellectual rationality are the major tripartite wheel upon which the glitches of the nation is foregrounded. This is manifested in the application of followership and leadership traits, the ways and manners that issues and concerns are treated are evidences of capricious leadership. It is believed that when leaders dothe needful and are sensitive enough to the provision of basic amenities to the citizenry, Nigeria state would have been one of the world powers. But the insensitivity and venality of our supposed leaders are unforgiveable and unforgettable, which has afflicted and infested on many families’ purse, soul and their intellectual deficiency. Evidences of aforementioned are captured in the play “Jankariwo”. This paper intends to chronicle the manners in which our leaders perpetrate their nefarious, callous, and ferocious acts with impunity, which has brought the country and many Nigerians to their knees via poverty affliction. However, the paper shall harvest the sociological theory and analytical methodology in dilating the level of these leaders’ ungodly act infested on those who voted them into power through Ben Tomoloju’s ‘Jankariwo’, (Cobwebs).

School-based harassment and violence toward students perceived to be lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender has been successfully confronted in educational systems across the U.S. A sampling of thes...

(2000). Developments in Australian Drug Law Enforcement: Taking Stock. Current Issues in Criminal Justice: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 257-272.