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Parents with intellectual disabilities (PID) are overrepresented in the child protective services (CPS) system. This study examined a more nuanced view of the role of cognition in parenting risk. Its goal was to validate a social information processing (SIP) model of child neglect that draws on social cognition research and advances in neuroscience. Mothers who had CPS child neglect cases were compared to mothers with no CPS involvement on a set of SIP factors. Mothers with low IQs were oversampled. As predicted, the Neglect group had significantly greater SIP problems than the Comparison mothers. SIP problems were associated with direct measures of neglect (e.g., cognitive stimulation provided children, home hygiene, beliefs regarding causes of child injuries). Further, for the direct measures that were most closely linked to CPS Neglect status, IQ did not add significant predictive capacity beyond SIP factors in preliminary model testing. Implications for intervention with PID are discussed. (Contains 8 tables and 1 figure.)

Prison violence is a concern in many correctional institutions. The systems management approach (i.e., assigning an inmate to a higher security level) is costly While there are many different interventions [...]

Social participation is a key determinant of healthy aging, yet little is known about how people with Parkinson's disease manage social living. This study describes individual differences in social self-management practices and their association with symptom severity and health quality of life. People with Parkinson's disease (N = 90) completed measures of healthy routines, activities and relationships, symptom severity, and health related quality of life. Cluster analysis identified profiles of social self-management practices. Analysis of variance tested differences between profiles in symptom severity and health quality of life. Participants clustered into one of seven groups according to different combinations of three practices: health resources utilization, activities in home and community, and social support relationships. The healthiest cluster engaged equally in all three practices at above sample average degree of engagement. Four clusters that engaged at or above sample average in activities in home and community experienced less health problems than three clusters that engaged below average. Variation in aspects of social lifestyle unrelated to health appeared also to contribute to profile diversity. Findings provide insight into similarity and variation in how people with Parkinson's disease engage with social self-management resources and point to person-centered interventions. Social self-management is a biopsychosocial construct to identify and describe self-care practices that engage one's social resources for managing healthful daily living. People with Parkinson's disease vary in their profiles of engaging in social self-management practices in daily living, and this variability relates to severity of symptoms and health quality of life. Learning how to identify health-centered social self-management practices may help people with Parkinson's disease to focus on the healthfulness of their own practices. Learning how to strategically engage one's social resources as part of self-care may help people with Parkinson's disease to master managing their health and well-being in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Inadequate supervision has been linked to children's injuries. Parental injury prevention beliefs may play a role in supervision, yet little theory has examined the origins of such beliefs. This study examined whether mothers who perpetrated child neglect, who as a group provide inadequate supervision, have more maladaptive beliefs. Then, it tested a social information processing (SIP) model for explaining these beliefs.Methods: SIP and injury prevention beliefs were assessed in disadvantaged mothers of preschoolers (N  =  145), half with child neglect histories.Results: The neglect group exhibited significantly more maladaptive injury prevention beliefs than comparisons. As predicted, SIP was linked to beliefs that may increase injury risk, even after accounting for relevant sociodemographic variables.Conclusions: Findings support the link of beliefs to injury risk and suggest that specific cognitive problems may underlie these beliefs. Future work should further validate this model, which may inform enhancements to prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]