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2. Small-scale (sub-organ and cellular level) alpha-particle dosimetry methods using an iQID digital autoradiography imaging system

Author

Peter, Robin, Sandmaier, Brenda M, Dion, Michael P, Frost, Sofia HL, Santos, Erlinda B, Kenoyer, Aimee, Hamlin, Donald K, Wilbur, D Scott, Stewart, Robert D, Fisher, Darrell R, Vetter, Kai, Seo, Youngho, and Miller, Brian W

Subjects
Bioengineering, Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Biotechnology, Animals, Dogs, Alpha Particles, Autoradiography, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiometry, Radioisotopes, Antibodies, Monoclonal
Abstract

Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy with alpha-particle emitters (αRPT) is advantageous in cancer treatment because the short range and high local energy deposition of alpha particles enable precise radiation delivery and efficient tumor cell killing. However, these properties create sub-organ dose deposition effects that are not easily characterized by direct gamma-ray imaging (PET or SPECT). We present a computational procedure to determine the spatial distribution of absorbed dose from alpha-emitting radionuclides in tissues using digital autoradiography activity images from an ionizing-radiation quantum imaging detector (iQID). Data from 211At-radioimmunotherapy studies for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in a canine model were used to develop these methods. Nine healthy canines were treated with 16.9-30.9 MBq 211At/mg monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Lymph node biopsies from early (2-5 h) and late (19-20 h) time points (16 total) were obtained, with 10-20 consecutive 12-µm cryosections extracted from each and imaged with an iQID device. iQID spatial activity images were registered within a 3D volume for dose-point-kernel convolution, producing dose-rate maps. The accumulated absorbed doses for high- and low-rate regions were 9 ± 4 Gy and 1.2 ± 0.8 Gy from separate dose-rate curves, respectively. We further assess uptake uniformity, co-registration with histological pathology, and requisite slice numbers to improve microscale characterization of absorbed dose inhomogeneities in αRPT.

Published
2022

3. The Dancing Cord: Inherent Spinal Cord Motion and Its Effect on Cord Dose in Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Author

Oztek, Murat Alp, Mayr, Nina A, Mossa-Basha, Mahmud, Nyflot, Matthew, Sponseller, Patricia A, Wu, Wei, Hofstetter, Christoph P, Saigal, Rajiv, Bowen, Stephen R, Hippe, Daniel S, Yuh, William TC, Stewart, Robert D, and Lo, Simon S

Subjects
Cancer, Spinal Cord Injury, Neurodegenerative, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Clinical Research, Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Biomedical Imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiosurgery, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Spinal Cord, Spinal Neoplasms, Spine, Ablative radiotherapy, Motion, MR imaging, Organ motion, Patient positioning, Secondary spine metastasis, Spinal cord, Spinal cord physiology, Spinal neoplasms, Stereotactic radiation therapy, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundSpinal cord dose limits are critically important for the safe practice of spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). However, the effect of inherent spinal cord motion on cord dose in SBRT is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of cord motion on spinal cord dose in SBRT.MethodsDynamic balanced fast field echo (BFFE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained in 21 spine metastasis patients treated with SBRT. Planning computed tomography (CT), conventional static T2-weighted MRI, BFFE MRI, and dose planning data were coregistered. Spinal cord from the dynamic BFFE images (corddyn) was compared with the T2-weighted MRI (cordstat) to analyze motion of corddyn beyond the cordstat (Dice coefficient, Jaccard index), and beyond cordstat with added planning organ at risk volume (PRV) margins. Cord dose was compared between cordstat, and corddyn (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).ResultsDice coefficient (0.70-0.95, median 0.87) and Jaccard index (0.54-0.90, median 0.77) demonstrated motion of corddyn beyond cordstat. In 62% of the patients (13/21), the dose to corddyn exceeded that of cordstat by 0.6% to 13.8% (median 4.3%). The corddyn spatially excursed outside the 1-mm PRV margin of cordstat in 9 patients (43%); among these dose to corddyn exceeded dose to cordstat >+ 1-mm PRV margin in 78% of the patients (7/9). Corddyn did not excurse outside the 1.5-mm or 2-mm PRV cord cordstat margin.ConclusionSpinal cord motion may contribute to increases in radiation dose to the cord from SBRT for spine metastasis. A PRV margin of at least 1.5 to 2 mm surrounding the cord should be strongly considered to account for inherent spinal cord motion.

Published
2020

4. Prediction of DNA rejoining kinetics and cell survival after proton irradiation for V79 cells using Geant4-DNA

Author

Sakata, Dousatsu, Hirayama, Ryoichi, Shin, Wook-Geun, Belli, Mauro, Tabocchini, Maria A., Stewart, Robert D., Belov, Oleg, Bernal, Mario A., Bordage, Marie-Claude, Brown, Jeremy M.C., Dordevic, Milos, Emfietzoglou, Dimitris, Francis, Ziad, Guatelli, Susanna, Inaniwa, Taku, Ivanchenko, Vladimir, Karamitros, Mathieu, Kyriakou, Ioanna, Lampe, Nathanael, Li, Zhuxin, Meylan, Sylvain, Michelet, Claire, Nieminen, Petteri, Perrot, Yann, Petrovic, Ivan, Ramos-Mendez, Jose, Ristic-Fira, Aleksandra, Santin, Giovanni, Schuemann, Jan, Tran, Hoang N., Villagrasa, Carmen, and Incerti, Sebastien

Published
2023
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5. Report of the AAPM TG‐256 on the relative biological effectiveness of proton beams in radiation therapy

Author

Paganetti, Harald, Blakely, Eleanor, Carabe‐Fernandez, Alejandro, Carlson, David J, Das, Indra J, Dong, Lei, Grosshans, David, Held, Kathryn D, Mohan, Radhe, Moiseenko, Vitali, Niemierko, Andrzej, Stewart, Robert D, and Willers, Henning

Subjects
Medical and Biological Physics, Physical Sciences, Cancer, Humans, Neoplasms, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Proton Therapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Research Report, proton therapy, RBE, relative biological effectiveness, Other Physical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Biomedical engineering, Medical and biological physics
Abstract

The biological effectiveness of proton beams relative to photon beams in radiation therapy has been taken to be 1.1 throughout the history of proton therapy. While potentially appropriate as an average value, actual relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values may differ. This Task Group report outlines the basic concepts of RBE as well as the biophysical interpretation and mathematical concepts. The current knowledge on RBE variations is reviewed and discussed in the context of the current clinical use of RBE and the clinical relevance of RBE variations (with respect to physical as well as biological parameters). The following task group aims were designed to guide the current clinical practice: Assess whether the current clinical practice of using a constant RBE for protons should be revised or maintained. Identifying sites and treatment strategies where variable RBE might be utilized for a clinical benefit. Assess the potential clinical consequences of delivering biologically weighted proton doses based on variable RBE and/or LET models implemented in treatment planning systems. Recommend experiments needed to improve our current understanding of the relationships among in vitro, in vivo, and clinical RBE, and the research required to develop models. Develop recommendations to minimize the effects of uncertainties associated with proton RBE for well-defined tumor types and critical structures.

Published
2019

6. Coronary artery disease in adults with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery

Author

Blackstone, Eugene H., Saarel, Elizabeth V., Gupta, Sohini, Hammoud, Miza Salim, Vaidya, Kiran A., Haupt, Michael J., Cockrum, Joshua W., Mhanna, Christiane, Ghobrial, Joanna, Ahmad, Munir, Schoenhagen, Paul, Pettersson, Gösta B., Najm, Hani K., Stewart, Robert D., Jiang, Michael X., Brinza, Ellen K., Tucker, Dominique L., Rajeswaran, Jeevanantham, and Karamlou, Tara

Published
2022
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7. Corrigendum to “Prediction of DNA rejoining kinetics and cell survival after proton irradiation for V79 cells using Geant4-DNA” [Phys. Med. 105 (2023) 102508]

Author

Sakata, Dousatsu, primary, Hirayama, Ryoichi, additional, Shin, Wook-Geun, additional, Belli, Mauro, additional, Tabocchini, Maria A., additional, Stewart, Robert D., additional, Belov, Oleg, additional, Bernal, Mario A., additional, Bordage, Marie-Claude, additional, Brown, Jeremy M.C., additional, Dordevic, Milos, additional, Emfietzoglou, Dimitris, additional, Francis, Ziad, additional, Guatelli, Susanna, additional, Inaniwa, Taku, additional, Ivanchenko, Vladimir, additional, Karamitros, Mathieu, additional, Kyriakou, Ioanna, additional, Lampe, Nathanael, additional, Li, Zhuxin, additional, Meylan, Sylvain, additional, Michelet, Claire, additional, Nieminen, Petteri, additional, Perrot, Yann, additional, Petrovic, Ivan, additional, Ramos-Mendez, Jose, additional, Ristic-Fira, Aleksandra, additional, Santin, Giovanni, additional, Schuemann, Jan, additional, Tran, Hoang N., additional, Villagrasa, Carmen, additional, and Incerti, Sebastien, additional

Published
2024
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9. Effects of tissue heterogeneity and comparisons of collapsed cone and Monte Carlo fast neutron patient dosimetry using the University of Washington clinical neutron therapy system (CNTS)

Author

Moffitt, Gregory B, primary, Sandison, George A, additional, Argento, David C, additional, Emery, Robert, additional, Wootton, Landon S, additional, Parvathaneni, Upendra, additional, Liao, Jay J, additional, Laramore, George E, additional, and Stewart, Robert D, additional

Published
2023
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11. Extension of TOPAS for the simulation of proton radiation effects considering molecular and cellular endpoints

Author

Polster, Lisa, Schuemann, Jan, Rinaldi, Ilaria, Burigo, Lucas, McNamara, Aimee L, Stewart, Robert D, Attili, Andrea, Carlson, David J, Sato, Tatsuhiko, Méndez, José Ramos, Faddegon, Bruce, Perl, Joseph, and Paganetti, Harald

Subjects
Affordable and Clean Energy, Animals, Cell Line, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, Electrons, Humans, Linear Energy Transfer, Monte Carlo Method, Proton Therapy, Protons, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Software, Monte Carlo, simulation, proton therapy, relative biological effectiveness, Other Physical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Abstract

The aim of this work is to extend a widely used proton Monte Carlo tool, TOPAS, towards the modeling of relative biological effect (RBE) distributions in experimental arrangements as well as patients. TOPAS provides a software core which users configure by writing parameter files to, for instance, define application specific geometries and scoring conditions. Expert users may further extend TOPAS scoring capabilities by plugging in their own additional C++ code. This structure was utilized for the implementation of eight biophysical models suited to calculate proton RBE. As far as physics parameters are concerned, four of these models are based on the proton linear energy transfer, while the others are based on DNA double strand break induction and the frequency-mean specific energy, lineal energy, or delta electron generated track structure. The biological input parameters for all models are typically inferred from fits of the models to radiobiological experiments. The model structures have been implemented in a coherent way within the TOPAS architecture. Their performance was validated against measured experimental data on proton RBE in a spread-out Bragg peak using V79 Chinese Hamster cells. This work is an important step in bringing biologically optimized treatment planning for proton therapy closer to the clinical practice as it will allow researchers to refine and compare pre-defined as well as user-defined models.

Published
2015

13. On the biophysical interpretation of lethal DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation

Author

Kundrát, Pavel and Stewart, Robert D.

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Although DNA damage is widely viewed as a critical target for the induction of cell killing by ionizing radiation, the exact nature of DNA damage responsible for these effects is unknown. To address this issue, the probability of forming lethal damage by single proton tracks, derived from published survival data for Chinese hamster V79 cells irradiated by protons with energies from 0.57 to 5.01 MeV, has been compared to estimated yields of clustered DNA lesions and repair outcomes calculated with Monte Carlo models. The reported studies provide new information about the potential relationship between the induction and repair of clustered DNA damage and trends in the expected number of lethal events for protons with increasing linear energy transfer (LET). A good correlation was found between the number of lethal events in V79 cells and the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) consisting of 3 or more elementary DNA lesions. For the yields of other types of DNA damage, as well as point mutations formed through the misrepair of base damage and single-strand breaks, observed trends with increasing LET are not consistent with trends in the yields of lethal events. This observation suggests that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons of varying quality may be more closely related to the induction of complex DSBs rather than other forms of damage., Comment: Presented to the 14th Symposium on Microdosimetry, November 13-18, 2005, Venezia, Italy; submitted for the proceedings to be published in Radiat. Prot. Dosim

Published
2005

19. Contributors

Author

Ahmed, Mubbasheer, primary, Alaish, Samuel M., additional, Alanmanou, Euleche, additional, Alexander, Plato, additional, Aljiffry, Alaa, additional, Almodovar, Melvin C., additional, Alsoufi, Bahaaldin, additional, Anders, Marc M., additional, Andersen, Nicholas D., additional, Ascenzi, Judith, additional, Aydin, Scott I., additional, Bacon, Matthew K., additional, Barron, David J., additional, Basken, Amy, additional, Beddows, Kimberly D., additional, Bembea, Melania M., additional, Benscoter, Alexis L., additional, Bergstrom, Charles P., additional, Bernier, Meghan, additional, Bibevski, Steve, additional, Bichell, David, additional, Bird, Geoffrey L., additional, Boukas, Konstantinos, additional, Bove, Edward L., additional, Brady, Ken, additional, Broberg, Craig S., additional, Bronicki, Ronald A., additional, Brothers, Julie A., additional, Brown, Kristen M., additional, Brownlee, John R., additional, Bryant, Roosevelt, additional, Buddhavarapu, Amulya, additional, Cameron, Duke E., additional, Chai, Paul J., additional, Checchia, Paul A., additional, Cheifetz, Ira M., additional, Chin, Clifford, additional, Cholette, Jill Marie, additional, Cole, Charles R., additional, Cooper, David S., additional, Coulson, John D., additional, Damiano, Ralph J., additional, DeLeon, Miguel, additional, DeSena, Holly C., additional, Deutsch, Nina, additional, Eghtesady, Pirooz, additional, Engorn, Branden, additional, Everett, Allen, additional, Felmly, Lloyd, additional, Fiore, Andrew C., additional, Fleming, Gregory A., additional, Flores, Saul, additional, Franklin, Rodney, additional, Fraser, Charles D., additional, Gaies, Michael, additional, Gangemi, James J., additional, Gaur, Lasya, additional, Ghanayem, Nancy S., additional, Ginde, Salil, additional, Gist, Katja M., additional, Goldman, Allan, additional, Goldstein, Stuart L., additional, Goswami, Dheeraj, additional, Graham, Eric M., additional, Grenier, Michelle A., additional, Handler, Stephanie S., additional, Herlong, James R., additional, Hill, Kevin D., additional, Romano, Jennifer C., additional, Ho, Siew Yen, additional, Hoffman, George M., additional, Honjo, Osami, additional, Hornik, Christoph P., additional, Hsu, Daphne T., additional, Huddleston, Charles B., additional, Huff, Christin, additional, Hunt, Elizabeth A., additional, Idriss, Salim F., additional, Iliopoulos, Ilias, additional, Jackson, Kimberly Ward, additional, Jacobs, Jeffrey P., additional, Jacobs, Marshall L., additional, Jaggers, James, additional, Jansen, Laura N., additional, Janson, Christopher M., additional, Jaquiss, Robert, additional, Johnson, Emily, additional, Jones, Melissa B., additional, Justice, Lindsey, additional, Kane, Patricia L., additional, Karamlou, Tara, additional, Kartha, Vyas M., additional, Kavarana, Minoo N., additional, Khan, Abigail May, additional, King, Valerie, additional, Kirsch, Roxanne E., additional, Kirshbom, Paul M., additional, Knott-Craig, Christopher J., additional, Koo, Jeannie, additional, Kramer, Jennifer, additional, Krawczeski, Catherine D., additional, Krishnamurthy, Ganga, additional, Kudchadkar, Sapna R., additional, Kumar, Karan R., additional, Kumar, T.K. Susheel, additional, Kwiatkowski, David M., additional, Lamour, Jacqueline M., additional, Lancaster, Timothy S., additional, Landis, Benjamin J., additional, Lasa, Javier J., additional, Liava'a, Matthew H.L., additional, Licht, Daniel J., additional, Lisi, Matthew T., additional, Loftin, Ryan, additional, Loomba, Rohit S., additional, Marino, Bradley S., additional, Maxey, Thomas S., additional, McCarthy, Karen, additional, McCrory, Michael C., additional, Mehta, Inder D., additional, Mehta, Christopher, additional, Meliones, Jon N., additional, Meliones, Christine, additional, Miles, Alison, additional, Mitchell, Michael E., additional, Molitor-Kirsch, Erica, additional, Montgomery, Jenny A., additional, Moore, Lisa, additional, Morales, David L.S., additional, Morin, Cara, additional, Morin, Nicholas, additional, Mou, Steven S., additional, Muralidaran, Ashok, additional, Murthy, Raghav, additional, Nellis, Joseph R., additional, Nelson, Jennifer S., additional, Nelson McMillan, Kristen, additional, Nies, Melanie, additional, Nigro, John, additional, Noje, Corina, additional, Norris, Sarah E., additional, O'Brien, James, additional, Ofori-Amanfo, George, additional, Ohye, Richard G., additional, Ootaki, Yoshio, additional, Ozment, Caroline P., additional, Peek, Giles J., additional, Peterson, Autumn K., additional, Peterson, Renuka E., additional, Petty, John K., additional, Porayette, Prashob, additional, Procaccini, David E., additional, Quintessenza, James, additional, Ragalie, William S., additional, Ravekes, William, additional, Raymond, Tia T., additional, Redington, Andrew, additional, Rehder, Kyle J., additional, Riggs, Becky, additional, Rivera, Ramon Julio, additional, Roark, Jennifer, additional, Romer, Lewis H., additional, Ryan, Amy, additional, Ryan, Thomas D., additional, Rymeski, Beth A., additional, Sassalos, Peter, additional, Sawyer, Jaclyn E., additional, Scholl, Frank, additional, Schooler, Kevin Patrick, additional, Schuette, Jennifer, additional, McElrath, Jamie, additional, Sedehi, Daniel R., additional, Sekar, Priya, additional, Shaffner, Donald H., additional, Shah, Sanket, additional, Shen, Irving, additional, Shetty, Avinash K., additional, Shope, Edd, additional, Shores, Darla, additional, Si, Ming-Sing, additional, Siddiqi, Nida, additional, Simpson, Leah, additional, Slavik, Zdenek, additional, Smith, Heidi A.B., additional, Spector, Zebulon Z., additional, Speer, Allison L., additional, Spevak, Philip, additional, Stewart, Dylan, additional, Stewart, Robert D., additional, St. Louis, James, additional, Stone, Matthew L., additional, Su, Erik, additional, Swain, Kelly A., additional, Takemoto, Cliff M., additional, Tallent, Sarah, additional, Thiagarajan, Ravi R., additional, Traube, Chani, additional, Tropp, Ephraim, additional, Tsang, Rocky, additional, Tume, Sebastian C., additional, Turek, Joseph W., additional, Turi, Jennifer L., additional, Turner, Immanuel I., additional, Tweddell, James S., additional, Unegbu, Chinwe, additional, Ungerleider, Ross M., additional, Ungerleider, Jamie Dickey, additional, Ungerleider, Graham D., additional, Vricella, Luca A., additional, Vu, Eric L., additional, Wadia, Rajeev S., additional, Walsh, Michael J., additional, Watt, Kevin M., additional, Welke, Karl, additional, Willett, Renée, additional, Williams, Derek A., additional, Woods, Ronald K., additional, Woods-Hill, Charlotte, additional, and Yarrabolu, Tharakanatha R., additional

Published
2019
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21. Prediction of DNA rejoining kinetics and cell survival after proton irradiation for V79 cells using Geant4-DNA

Author

Sakata, Dousatsu (author), Hirayama, Ryoichi (author), Shin, Wook Geun (author), Belli, Mauro (author), Tabocchini, Maria A. (author), Stewart, Robert D. (author), Brown, J.M.C. (author), Kyriakou, G.I. (author), Tran, Hoang N. (author), Sakata, Dousatsu (author), Hirayama, Ryoichi (author), Shin, Wook Geun (author), Belli, Mauro (author), Tabocchini, Maria A. (author), Stewart, Robert D. (author), Brown, J.M.C. (author), Kyriakou, G.I. (author), and Tran, Hoang N. (author)

Abstract

Purpose: Track structure Monte Carlo (MC) codes have achieved successful outcomes in the quantitative investigation of radiation-induced initial DNA damage. The aim of the present study is to extend a Geant4-DNA radiobiological application by incorporating a feature allowing for the prediction of DNA rejoining kinetics and corresponding cell surviving fraction along time after irradiation, for a Chinese hamster V79 cell line, which is one of the most popular and widely investigated cell lines in radiobiology. Methods: We implemented the Two-Lesion Kinetics (TLK) model, originally proposed by Stewart, which allows for simulations to calculate residual DNA damage and surviving fraction along time via the number of initial DNA damage and its complexity as inputs. Results: By optimizing the model parameters of the TLK model in accordance to the experimental data on V79, we were able to predict both DNA rejoining kinetics at low linear energy transfers (LET) and cell surviving fraction. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the implementation of both the cell surviving fraction and the DNA rejoining kinetics with the estimated initial DNA damage, in a realistic cell geometrical model simulated by full track structure MC simulations at DNA level and for various LET. These simulation and model make the link between mechanistic physical/chemical damage processes and these two specific biological endpoints., RST/Medical Physics & Technology, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

Published
2023
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22. Characterization of Favorable Right Ventricular Dimensions for Optimal Reverse Remodeling following Pulmonary Valve Replacement

Author

Ghandour, Hiba Z., primary, Hammoud, Miza Salim, additional, Zia, Aisha, additional, Rajeswaran, Jeevanantham, additional, Najm, Hani K., additional, Pettersson, Gosta, additional, Blackstone, Eugene, additional, Karamlou, Tara, additional, Rane, Ajinkya, additional, Huang, Xiaojie, additional, Stewart, Robert D., additional, Unai, Shinya, additional, Bhimani, Salima, additional, Yaman, Malek El, additional, Tucker, Dominique L., additional, Gupta, Sohini, additional, and Chen, Lin, additional

Published
2023
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29. Coronary artery disease in adults with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery

Author

Jiang, Michael X., primary, Brinza, Ellen K., additional, Ghobrial, Joanna, additional, Tucker, Dominique L., additional, Gupta, Sohini, additional, Rajeswaran, Jeevanantham, additional, Karamlou, Tara, additional, Blackstone, Eugene H., additional, Saarel, Elizabeth V., additional, Hammoud, Miza Salim, additional, Vaidya, Kiran A., additional, Haupt, Michael J., additional, Cockrum, Joshua W., additional, Mhanna, Christiane, additional, Ahmad, Munir, additional, Schoenhagen, Paul, additional, Pettersson, Gösta B., additional, Najm, Hani K., additional, and Stewart, Robert D., additional

Published
2022
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32. Reflections on the Choral Rehearsal Cycle: An Approach to Professional Practice

Author

Harrison, Scott D, Morris, Peter M, Stewart, Robert D, Harrison, Scott D, Morris, Peter M, and Stewart, Robert D

Abstract

Full Text, Thesis (Professional Doctorate), Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA), Queensland Conservatorium, Arts, Education and Law, This dissertation explores and reflects on the professional practice of the author and a group of five experts through case studies. Incorporating interviews, observations, reflective journals, video footage, and a choral project, this research aims to explore how five expert choral conductors work in the rehearsal setting. Rehearsal techniques are as diverse as the individuals who practise them. Yet, even though conductors have their differences, the varied outcomes can still be judged as satisfactory. These techniques are not necessarily skills that have been taught in an undergraduate conducting class. Conducting courses and textbooks focus on beat patterns and other skills that must be mastered by the novice and which, in turn, lend themselves more readily to assessment. However, the running of a rehearsal is a complex mixture of musicianship and teaching skills that are continually developed over a lifetime of practice. The following questions emerge: how, then, do highly successful conductors work in rehearsal? What do they consider to be important parts of their own practice? What skills and attributes are crucial for successful ensemble leadership? For this research, five expert choral conductors were observed on site in multiple rehearsals and in working with a variety of vocal ensembles. They also participated in a wide-ranging, semistructured interview that further explored their approaches to conducting, repertoire selection, planning, personal philosophy, and reflections on their craft. The author used the data generated from the case studies and through a survey of core literature to experiment with their own practice during a 12-week rehearsal period that culminated in a performance of Haydn’s Missa in angustiis. The research project revealed that, while each case study conductor had an individualistic approach to their rehearsal delivery, five main characteristics appeared to be common amongst them all: they recognised the conductor’s role as a teach

Published
2022

33. Reflections on the Choral Rehearsal Cycle: An Approach to Professional Practice

Author

Stewart, Robert D and Stewart, Robert D

Abstract

This dissertation explores and reflects on the professional practice of the author and a group of five experts through case studies. Incorporating interviews, observations, reflective journals, video footage, and a choral project, this research aims to explore how five expert choral conductors work in the rehearsal setting. Rehearsal techniques are as diverse as the individuals who practise them. Yet, even though conductors have their differences, the varied outcomes can still be judged as satisfactory. These techniques are not necessarily skills that have been taught in an undergraduate conducting class. Conducting courses and textbooks focus on beat patterns and other skills that must be mastered by the novice and which, in turn, lend themselves more readily to assessment. However, the running of a rehearsal is a complex mixture of musicianship and teaching skills that are continually developed over a lifetime of practice. The following questions emerge: how, then, do highly successful conductors work in rehearsal? What do they consider to be important parts of their own practice? What skills and attributes are crucial for successful ensemble leadership? For this research, five expert choral conductors were observed on site in multiple rehearsals and in working with a variety of vocal ensembles. They also participated in a wide-ranging, semistructured interview that further explored their approaches to conducting, repertoire selection, planning, personal philosophy, and reflections on their craft. The author used the data generated from the case studies and through a survey of core literature to experiment with their own practice during a 12-week rehearsal period that culminated in a performance of Haydn’s Missa in angustiis. The research project revealed that, while each case study conductor had an individualistic approach to their rehearsal delivery, five main characteristics appeared to be common amongst them all: they recognised the conductor’s role as a teach, Thesis (Professional Doctorate), Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA), Queensland Conservatorium, Arts, Education and Law, Full Text

Published
2022

45. Distance Learning Technology.

Author

Stewart, Robert D.

Abstract

Describes distance technologies being used now, such as video networks, audiographic systems, the Internet and other computer networks, and interactive television. Suggests future needs: an increase in the level of interaction and more online support services. (SK)

Published
1995

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