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1. Earliest known funerary rites in Wallacea after the last glacial maximum

Author

Hawkins, Stuart, Zetika, Gabriella Ayang, Kinaston, Rebecca, Firmando, Yulio Ray, Sari, Devi Mustika, Suniarti, Yuni, Lucas, Mary, Roberts, Patrick, Reepmeyer, Christian, Maloney, Tim, Kealy, Shimona, Stirling, Claudine, Reid, Malcolm, Barr, David, Kleffmann, Torsten, Kumar, Abhishek, Yuwono, Pratiwi, Litster, Mirani, Husni, Muhammad, Ririmasse, Marlon, Mahirta, Mujabuddawat, Muhammad, Harriyadi, and O’Connor, Sue

Published
2024
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14. Garnet Pyroxenite Cumulates from Cretaceous Alkaline Intraplate Magmas Underplate the Zealandia Mantle Lithosphere.

Author

Scott, James M, Brenna, Marco, Pearson, D Graham, Auer, Andreas, Faure, Kevin, Harris, Chris, Janney, Philip E, Roux, Petrus J le, Legros, Hélène, Mortimer, Nick, MÜnker, Carsten, Reid, Malcolm R, Smit, Matthijs A, Stirling, Claudine E, Sun, Dave, Woodland, Sarah, and Meer, Quinten H A van der

Subjects
PLATINUM group, PYROXENITE, BRECCIA, INCLUSIONS in igneous rocks, MAGMAS, SIDEROPHILE elements, OSMIUM
Abstract

The elemental and isotopic properties of garnet pyroxenites can yield information on lithospheric mantle composition, thermal state, and evolution. The 34Ma Kakanui Mineral Breccia in New Zealand contains spectacular but little-studied mantle peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths that yield new insights into the evolution of a portion of the underlying mantle lithosphere of a former Gondwana margin. The moderately depleted and metasomatized spinel peridotites, as judged from spinel and olivine compositions and bulk rock major and platinum group element abundances, give mineral equilibration temperatures <1020°C and are derived from the middle to shallow (~35 to 50 km) lithospheric mantle when projected onto a 70 mW∙m−2 geotherm. These residues have low Re/Os and Re-depletion 187Os/188Os model ages that range from Eocene (0.05 Ga) to Paleoproterozoic (1.9 Ga), consistent with extraction from a lithospheric mantle comprising fragments with complex depletion histories. Although the peridotites have restricted δ18O (olivine +5.2 to 6.2), evidence for an isotopically heterogeneous mantle column in addition to the 187Os/188Os is seen in clinopyroxene 87Sr/86Sr (0.70244 to 0.70292), εNd (+4.1 to 18.8), 206Pb/204Pb (17.8 to 20.3), and εHf (+10 to +101). Higher metamorphic equilibrium temperatures of the garnet pyroxenites (Fe–Mg exchange of >1150°C) compared to the peridotites indicate their Eocene extraction was from towards the base of this isotopically heterogeneous mantle lithosphere. Pyroxenite bulk compositions point to cumulate origins, and the mineral isotope ratios of 87Sr/86Sr (0.70282 to 0.70294), εNd (+5.5 to 8.0) and 206Pb/204Pb (18.1 to 19.3) match many of the Zealandia metasomatized mantle peridotite xenoliths as well as the primitive intraplate basalts but not the garnet pyroxenite host magmas. In contrast to many global pyroxenite studies, the garnet pyroxenite 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O (+5.2 to 5.8) data provide no evidence for subducted crustal material in the primary magma source region, and Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf isotope data yield mid-Cenozoic ages that are probably related to isotope closure during eruption. An exception is one sample that yields a Lu–Hf isochron age of 111.9 ± 9.1 Ma, which corresponds to the convergence of the Lu–Hf isotope evolution curves of three other samples. Liquids calculated to have been in equilibrium with these cumulates have trace element compositions comparable to primitive alkaline intraplate basalts like those found at the surface of Zealandia. The new data, therefore, indicate that a pulse of intraplate magmatism occurred during or directly after the cessation of long-lived subduction on the former Zealandia Early Cretaceous forearc Gondwana margin, despite any volcanic surface exposure having been long eroded away. The lower lithospheric mantle emplacement of the garnet pyroxenites suggests that the source of the alkaline parent magmas was probably the convecting mantle, which supports conclusions that intraplate magmas in Zealandia have asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Extracting the truth through chemical analyses: Early life histories of Victorian‐era dental patients in Aotearoa New Zealand

Author

Sudron, Emma L., primary, Kinaston, Rebecca L., additional, Cawte, Hayden, additional, Kleffmann, Torsten, additional, Kumar, Abhishek, additional, Kramer, Robyn, additional, Stirling, Claudine, additional, Reid, Malcolm, additional, Barr, David, additional, McStay, Amy, additional, Lawrence, Megan, additional, King, Kathryn, additional, and Halcrow, Siân E., additional

Published
2023
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18. Extracting the truth through chemical analyses: Early life histories of Victorian‐era dental patients in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Author

Sudron, Emma L., Kinaston, Rebecca L., Cawte, Hayden, Kleffmann, Torsten, Kumar, Abhishek, Kramer, Robyn, Stirling, Claudine, Reid, Malcolm, Barr, David, McStay, Amy, Lawrence, Megan, King, Kathryn, and Halcrow, Siân E.

Subjects
MOLARS, ANALYTICAL chemistry, LIFE history interviews, ISOTOPIC analysis, SOCIAL adjustment, AMELOBLASTS, HUMAN skeleton, MEAT analysis
Abstract

Objectives: There are few bioarcheological analyses of life experiences in colonial period Aotearoa New Zealand, despite this being a time of major adaptation and social change. In our study, early life histories are constructed from multi‐isotope and enamel peptide analysis of permanent first molars associated with Victorian era dental practices operating between AD 1881 and 1905 in Invercargill. Chemical analyses of the teeth provide insight into the childhood feeding practices, diet, and mobility of the people who had their teeth extracted. Materials and Methods: Four permanent left mandibular first molars were analyzed from a cache of teeth discovered at the Leviathan Gift Depot site during excavations in 2019. The methods used were: (1) enamel peptide analysis to assess chromosomal sex; (2) bulk (δ13Ccarbonate) and incremental (δ13Ccollagen and δ15N) isotope analysis of dentin to assess childhood diet; and (3) strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope analysis of enamel to assess childhood residency. Two modern permanent first molars from known individuals were analyzed as controls. Results: The archaeological teeth were from three chromosomal males and one female. The protein and whole diets were predominately based on C3‐plants and domestic animal products (meat and milk). A breastfeeding signal was only identified in one historic male. All individuals likely had childhood residences in Aotearoa. Discussion: Unlike most bioarcheological studies that rely on the remains of the dead, the teeth analysed in this study were extracted from living people. We suggest that the dental patients were likely second or third generation colonists to Aotearoa, with fairly similar childhood diets. They were potentially lower‐class individuals either living in, or passing through, the growing colonial center of Invercargill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017

Author

Schlitzer, Reiner, Anderson, Robert F., Dodas, Elena Masferrer, Lohan, Maeve, Geibert, Walter, Tagliabue, Alessandro, Bowie, Andrew, Jeandel, Catherine, Maldonado, Maria T., Landing, William M., Cockwell, Donna, Abadie, Cyril, Abouchami, Wafa, Achterberg, Eric P., Agather, Alison, Aguliar-Islas, Ana, van Aken, Hendrik M., Andersen, Morten, Archer, Corey, Auro, Maureen, de Baar, Hein J., Baars, Oliver, Baker, Alex R., Bakker, Karel, Basak, Chandranath, Baskaran, Mark, Bates, Nicholas R., Bauch, Dorothea, van Beek, Pieter, Behrens, Melanie K., Black, Erin, Bluhm, Katrin, Bopp, Laurent, Bouman, Heather, Bowman, Katlin, Bown, Johann, Boyd, Philip, Boye, Marie, Boyle, Edward A., Branellec, Pierre, Bridgestock, Luke, Brissebrat, Guillaume, Browning, Thomas, Bruland, Kenneth W., Brumsack, Hans-Jürgen, Brzezinski, Mark, Buck, Clifton S., Buck, Kristen N., Buesseler, Ken, Bull, Abby, Butler, Edward, Cai, Pinghe, Mor, Patricia Cámara, Cardinal, Damien, Carlson, Craig, Carrasco, Gonzalo, Casacuberta, Núria, Casciotti, Karen L., Castrillejo, Maxi, Chamizo, Elena, Chance, Rosie, Charette, Matthew A., Chaves, Joaquin E., Cheng, Hai, Chever, Fanny, Christl, Marcus, Church, Thomas M., Closset, Ivia, Colman, Albert, Conway, Tim M., Cossa, Daniel, Croot, Peter, Cullen, Jay T., Cutter, Gregory A., Daniels, Chris, Dehairs, Frank, Deng, Feifei, Dieu, Huong Thi, Duggan, Brian, Dulaquais, Gabriel, Dumousseaud, Cynthia, Echegoyen-Sanz, Yolanda, Edwards, R. Lawrence, Ellwood, Michael, Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fitzsimmons, Jessica N., Russell Flegal, A., Fleisher, Martin Q., van de Flierdt, Tina, Frank, Martin, Friedrich, Jana, Fripiat, Francois, Fröllje, Henning, Galer, Stephen J.G., Gamo, Toshitaka, Ganeshram, Raja S., Garcia-Orellana, Jordi, Garcia-Solsona, Ester, Gault-Ringold, Melanie, George, Ejin, Gerringa, Loes J.A., Gilbert, Melissa, Godoy, Jose M., Goldstein, Steven L., Gonzalez, Santiago R., Grissom, Karen, Hammerschmidt, Chad, Hartman, Alison, Hassler, Christel S., Hathorne, Ed C., Hatta, Mariko, Hawco, Nicholas, Hayes, Christopher T., Heimbürger, Lars-Eric, Helgoe, Josh, Heller, Maija, Henderson, Gideon M., Henderson, Paul B., van Heuven, Steven, Ho, Peng, Horner, Tristan J., Hsieh, Yu-Te, Huang, Kuo-Fang, Humphreys, Matthew P., Isshiki, Kenji, Jacquot, Jeremy E., Janssen, David J., Jenkins, William J., John, Seth, Jones, Elizabeth M., Jones, Janice L., Kadko, David C., Kayser, Rick, Kenna, Timothy C., Khondoker, Roulin, Kim, Taejin, Kipp, Lauren, Klar, Jessica K., Klunder, Maarten, Kretschmer, Sven, Kumamoto, Yuichiro, Laan, Patrick, Labatut, Marie, Lacan, Francois, Lam, Phoebe J., Lambelet, Myriam, Lamborg, Carl H., Le Moigne, Frédéric A.C., Le Roy, Emilie, Lechtenfeld, Oliver J., Lee, Jong-Mi, Lherminier, Pascale, Little, Susan, López-Lora, Mercedes, Lu, Yanbin, Masque, Pere, Mawji, Edward, Mcclain, Charles R., Measures, Christopher, Mehic, Sanjin, Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas Menzel, van der Merwe, Pier, Middag, Rob, Mieruch, Sebastian, Milne, Angela, Minami, Tomoharu, Moffett, James W., Moncoiffe, Gwenaelle, Moore, Willard S., Morris, Paul J., Morton, Peter L., Nakaguchi, Yuzuru, Nakayama, Noriko, Niedermiller, John, Nishioka, Jun, Nishiuchi, Akira, Noble, Abigail, Obata, Hajime, Ober, Sven, Ohnemus, Daniel C., van Ooijen, Jan, O'Sullivan, Jeanette, Owens, Stephanie, Pahnke, Katharina, Paul, Maxence, Pavia, Frank, Pena, Leopoldo D., Peters, Brian, Planchon, Frederic, Planquette, Helene, Pradoux, Catherine, Puigcorbé, Viena, Quay, Paul, Queroue, Fabien, Radic, Amandine, Rauschenberg, S., Rehkämper, Mark, Rember, Robert, Remenyi, Tomas, Resing, Joseph A., Rickli, Joerg, Rigaud, Sylvain, Rijkenberg, Micha J.A., Rintoul, Stephen, Robinson, Laura F., Roca-Martí, Montserrat, Rodellas, Valenti, Roeske, Tobias, Rolison, John M., Rosenberg, Mark, Roshan, Saeed, Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M., Ryabenko, Evgenia, Saito, Mak A., Salt, Lesley A., Sanial, Virginie, Sarthou, Geraldine, Schallenberg, Christina, Schauer, Ursula, Scher, Howie, Schlosser, Christian, Schnetger, Bernhard, Scott, Peter, Sedwick, Peter N., Semiletov, Igor, Shelley, Rachel, Sherrell, Robert M., Shiller, Alan M., Sigman, Daniel M., Singh, Sunil Kumar, Slagter, Hans A., Slater, Emma, Smethie, William M., Snaith, Helen, Sohrin, Yoshiki, Sohst, Bettina, Sonke, Jeroen E., Speich, Sabrina, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Stewart, Gillian, Stichel, Torben, Stirling, Claudine H., Stutsman, Johnny, Swarr, Gretchen J., Swift, James H., Thomas, Alexander, Thorne, Kay, Till, Claire P., Till, Ralph, Townsend, Ashley T., Townsend, Emily, Tuerena, Robyn, Twining, Benjamin S., Vance, Derek, Velazquez, Sue, Venchiarutti, Celia, Villa-Alfageme, Maria, Vivancos, Sebastian M., Voelker, Antje H.L., Wake, Bronwyn, Warner, Mark J., Watson, Ros, van Weerlee, Evaline, Alexandra Weigand, M., Weinstein, Yishai, Weiss, Dominik, Wisotzki, Andreas, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Wu, Jingfeng, Wu, Yingzhe, Wuttig, Kathrin, Wyatt, Neil, Xiang, Yang, Xie, Ruifang C., Xue, Zichen, Yoshikawa, Hisayuki, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Pu, Zhao, Ye, Zheng, Linjie, Zheng, Xin-Yuan, Zieringer, Moritz, Zimmer, Louise A., Ziveri, Patrizia, Zunino, Patricia, and Zurbrick, Cheryl

Published
2018
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23. Expressing Gratitude to Reviewers: A Message from the Editors of Reviews of Geophysics for 2022

Author

Florindo, Fabio, primary, Acocella, Valerio, additional, Bingham, Robert, additional, Carlton, Ann Marie, additional, D’Odorico, Paolo, additional, Duan, Qingyun, additional, Gettelman, Andrew, additional, Halekas, Jasper S., additional, Harris, Ruth, additional, Mollenhauer, Gesine, additional, Robock, Alan, additional, Stirling, Claudine, additional, and Yokoyama, Yusuke, additional

Published
2023
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24. 60 Years and Beyond of Reviews of Geophysics

Author

Florindo, Fabio, primary, Acocella, Valerio, additional, Carlton, Ann Marie, additional, D’Odorico, Paolo, additional, Duan, Qingyun, additional, Gettelman, Andrew, additional, Halekas, Jasper, additional, Harris, Ruth, additional, Mollenhauer, Gesine, additional, Robock, Alan, additional, Stirling, Claudine, additional, and Yokoyama, Yusuke, additional

Published
2023
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30. Regional conditions cause contrasting behaviour in U-isotope fractionation in black shales: Constraints for global ocean palaeo-redox reconstructions

Author

Gangl, Sophie K., Stirling, Claudine H., Jenkyns, Hugh C., Preston, Will J., Clarkson, Matthew O., Moy, Christopher M., Dickson, Alexander J., and Porcelli, Don

Subjects
Oceanic anoxic event 2, Uranium isotope fractionation, Black shales, Uranium isotopes, OAE 2, Paleoredox
Abstract

The U-isotope system is a well-established palaeo-redox proxy that potentially constrains the global extent of marine anoxia during average as well as extreme redox events throughout Earth's history. A typical archive that forms underneath a reducing water column and acts as an intense U sink is organic-rich black shale. However, the degree to which black shale archives reflect the marine U-isotope signature is not well understood because U-isotope fractionation between U(VI)-bearing seawater and U(IV)-bearing black shales may vary as a function of local environmental conditions. Here, we present a combination of U-isotope and elemental concentration datasets, supported by a complementary Mo-isotope record, for the Furlo sedimentary section in Marche–Umbria, Italy and interrogate the combined systematics to unravel the mechanisms controlling the U-isotope fractionation factor between black shales and ambient seawater. We examine black shales deposited before and during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), which was one of the most extreme climatic perturbations of the Mesozoic Era that took place around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (Late Cretaceous, c. 94 Ma). The results of this study show that the U-isotope signature in the black shales deposited before OAE 2 was controlled by different mechanisms than the U-isotope ratios recorded in black shales deposited during OAE 2, with both stratigraphic intervals likely influenced by local environmental conditions. Probable local environmental changes include increased U reduction associated with biomass at or above the sediment–water interface and varying dissolved hydrogen sulphide concentrations in the water column and sediment. The overall results of this study confirm that black shales are a highly complex archive for U-isotope studies of past oceanic redox conditions, due to the sensitivity of the U-isotope fractionation mechanism to local environmental conditions, which are difficult to constrain. We propose the application of a ∆238Ushale-seawater of 0.6 ± 0.1 ‰ to black shale records deposited under locally constant euxinic conditions at non-restricted settings., Chemical Geology, 623, ISSN:0009-2541, ISSN:1872-6836

Published
2023
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34. Validation of depth-profiling LA-ICP-MS in otolith applications

Author

Warburton, Manna L., Reid, Malcolm R., Stirling, Claudine H., and Closs, Gerry

Subjects
Mass spectrometry -- Methods, Fish populations -- Environmental aspects, Earth sciences
Abstract

Otolith microchemistry is a widely used technique for elucidating life history patterns in fishes. This typically involves sectioning the otolith and collecting elemental signatures via laser ablation. But this requires time-intensive handling that may influence results. As an alternative to traditional cut-polish-ablate techniques, we tested depth-profiling laser ablation, which offers reduced handling and contamination risk. To validate depth profiling as a robust method for collecting trace element otolith microchemistry data, we constructed composite otoliths using otolith materials from fishes of different origins (fresh water, seawater). Test ablations were conducted on composite diadromous otoliths at a range of spot sizes and pit depths. We measured tailing and fractionation effects in the following elements: Na, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Ba. Given appropriate instrument parameters, depth profiling can accurately collect elemental concentration data both between and within top and bottom layers of an otolith composite across a range of spot sizes and pit depths. Analytical power and lag effects were dependent on spot size, highlighting the importance of optimizing spot size based on sample morphology and instrument parameters. La microchimie des otolithes est une technique couramment utilisee pour etudier le cycle biologique de poissons. Elle comprend typiquement la preparation des coupes d'otolithes et la collecte des signatures elementaires par ablation au laser, un processus necessitant de longues manipulations qui peuvent influencer les resultats. Comme solution de rechange aux techniques de coupe-polissage-ablation, nous avons mis a l'epreuve l'analyse de profils de profondeur par ablation au laser, qui necessite moins de manipulation et limite les risques de contamination. Afin de valider la robustesse de cette methode pour l'obtention de donnees microchimiques d'elements en traces dans les otolithes, nous avons constitue des otolithes composites a partir d'otolithes provenant de poissons d'origines variees (eau douce, eau salee). Des essais d'ablation ont ete realises sur des otolithes composites de poissons diadromes pour une gamme de tailles de la region cible et de profondeurs d'ablation. Nous avons mesure les effets de trainee et de fractionnement pour les elements suivants: Na, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Rb, Sr et Ba. En utilisant des parametres instrumentaux adequats, les profils de profondeur peuvent produire des donnees exactes sur les concentrations d'elements sur et entre les couches superieures et inferieures d'un echantillon d'otolithe composite pour differentes tailles de la region cible et profondeurs d'ablation. La puissance analytique et les effets de decalage dependaient de la taille de la region cible, ce qui souligne l'importance d'optimiser cette derniere en fonction de la morphologie de l'echantillon et des parametres instrumentaux. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Otolith microchemistry has been a valuable addition to the fisheries scientist's toolbox for elucidating life history patterns and has seen greater use in recent years (Campana 1999; Thorrold et [...]

Published
2017
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48. Expressing Gratitude to Reviewers: A Message From the Editors of Reviews of Geophysics for 2023.

Author

Duan, Qingyun, Acocella, Valerio, Carlton, Ann Marie, D'Odorico, Paolo, Florindo, Fabio, Gettelman, Andrew, Halakas, Jasper, Harris, Ruth, Mollenhauer, Gesine, Robock, Alan, Stirling, Claudine, and Yokoyama, Yusuke

Subjects
GRATITUDE, AUTHOR-reader relationships, SCIENTIFIC community, GEOPHYSICS
Abstract

On behalf of the authors and readers of Reviews of Geophysics (RoG), the American Geophysical Union, and the broader scientific community, the editors wish to wholeheartedly thank those who reviewed manuscripts for RoG in 2023. Key Points: The editors thank the 2023 peer reviewers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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