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1. Reduced tillage intensity does not increase arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in European long‐term experiments.

Author

Vahter, Tanel, Taylor, Astrid R., Landa, Blanca B., Linsler, Deborah, Rodriguez, Engracia Maria Madejon, Moreno, Francisco Giron, Pérès, Guénola, Engell, Ilka, Hiiesalu, Inga, Bengtsson, Jan, Oja, Jane, Torppa, Kaisa A., Arias‐Giraldo, Luis F., Guzmán, Gema, Potthoff, Martin, Vasar, Martti, Sandor, Mignon, Sepp, Siim‐Kaarel, Stoian, Vlad, and Öpik, Maarja

Subjects
SUSTAINABLE agriculture, SOIL biology, SOIL biodiversity, CROPS, ARABLE land
Abstract

Mechanical soil disturbance is one among the key factors influencing soil biodiversity in agriculture. Although many soil organisms are sensitive to soil disturbance, fungi could be highly impacted due to their sessile lifestyle, relatively slow growth and filamentous body structure. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are of particular interest in arable lands, providing crop plants with numerous vital services such as nutrient acquisition and protection against abiotic and biotic stressors. Considering this, tillage practices that aim to reduce soil disturbance are often seen as a fungal‐friendly alternative to conventional inversion tillage. Although local studies exist on the impacts of minimal tillage practices on AM fungi, the universality of this approach has been debated. Our objective was to assess the effects of reduced tillage intensity on AM fungi in comparison with conventional tillage. Using high‐throughput sequencing techniques in long‐term field experiments in five European countries, we show that the effects of reduced tillage intensity may not necessarily be positive on soil AM fungal diversity. Plots which were tilled using reduced tillage techniques had lower AM fungal richness in three countries, whereas in one of them, no significant differences were found. We also observed a shift in AM fungal communities where prevalence of taxa preferring root colonisation rather than soil exploration increased under reduced tillage regimes. Here, we argue that more detailed and long‐term studies are needed to understand the factors that could make the reduction of soil disturbance more beneficial to AM fungi if agricultural sustainability goals are to be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Study on the Possibilities of Developing Cementitious or Geopolymer Composite Materials with Specific Performances by Exploiting the Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles

Author

Hegyi, Andreea, primary, Lăzărescu, Adrian-Victor, additional, Ciobanu, Adrian Alexandru, additional, Ionescu, Brăduţ Alexandru, additional, Grebenişan, Elvira, additional, Chira, Mihail, additional, Florean, Carmen, additional, Vermeşan, Horaţiu, additional, and Stoian, Vlad, additional

Published
2023
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6. KINETICS OF THE MICROBIAL FUNCTIONAL PROFILE INVOLVED IN DECOMPOSITION SHAPPED BY LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF INPUTES.

Author

GHEORGHIȚA, Alexandra, VIDICAN, Roxana, CORCOZ, Larisa, and STOIAN, Vlad

Subjects
LIMING of soils, CROP residues, FERTILIZER application, SOIL fertility, SOIL composition
Abstract

Fertilization methods have the capacity to modify both soil fertility and biological characteristics, consequently affecting the ecological functions of the soil. Straws are a hard crop residue to decompose, and stimulate the appearance of a specific functional microbiome. The microbial functional profile is correlated with the application of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK). The present study aims to analyze the effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and liming on the functional soil microbial communities. A modified EcoPlate method was used to incorporates the utilization of straw subjected to a 30-day incubation period in the soil at the Livada Agricultural Research and Development Station. In the aftermath of the Ecoplate experiment, discernible alterations in substrate solubilization rates have been noted across diverse soil compositions, spanning from untreated soil to those enriched with nitrogen, phosphorus, and an NPK complex. The results provide information on important functional soil microbial assemblages influenced by fertilizer application and the detection of the most active functional gropus associated with straw decomposition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

15. Study on the Possibilities of Developing Cementitious or Geopolymer Composite Materials with Specific Performances by Exploiting the Photocatalytic Properties of TiO 2 Nanoparticles.

Author

Hegyi, Andreea, Lăzărescu, Adrian-Victor, Ciobanu, Adrian Alexandru, Ionescu, Brăduţ Alexandru, Grebenişan, Elvira, Chira, Mihail, Florean, Carmen, Vermeşan, Horaţiu, and Stoian, Vlad

Subjects
CEMENT composites, COMPOSITE materials, SELF-healing materials, TITANIUM dioxide, CIRCULAR economy, CONSTRUCTION materials
Abstract

Starting from the context of the principles of Sustainable Development and Circular Economy concepts, the paper presents a synthesis of research in the field of the development of materials of interest, such as cementitious composites or alkali-activated geopolymers. Based on the reviewed literature, the influence of compositional or technological factors on the physical-mechanical performance, self-healing capacity and biocidal capacity obtained was analyzed. The inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles in the matrix increase the performances of cementitious composites, producing a self-cleaning capacity and an anti-microbial biocidal mechanism. As an alternative, the self-cleaning capacity can be achieved through geopolymerization, which provides a similar biocidal mechanism. The results of the research carried out indicate the real and growing interest for the development of these materials but also the existence of some elements still controversial or insufficiently analyzed, therefore concluding the need for further research in these areas. The scientific contribution of this study consists of bringing together two apparently distinct research directions in order to identify convergent points, to create a favorable framework for the development of an area of research little addressed so far, namely, the development of innovative building materials by combining improved performance with the possibility of reducing environmental impact, awareness and implementation of the concept of a Circular Economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Agrometeorological Requirements of Maize Crop Phenology for Sustainable Cropping—A Historical Review for Romania

Author

Vâtcă, Sorin Daniel, primary, Stoian, Valentina Ancuța, additional, Man, Titus Cristian, additional, Horvath, Csaba, additional, Vidican, Roxana, additional, Gâdea, Ștefania, additional, Vâtcă, Anamaria, additional, Rotaru, Ancuța, additional, Vârban, Rodica, additional, Cristina, Moldovan, additional, and Stoian, Vlad, additional

Published
2021
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31. Optimization of Hermetia illucens (L.) egg laying under different nutrition and light conditions

Author

Macavei, Laura I., Benassi, Giacomo, Stoian, Vlad, and Maistrello, Lara

Subjects
Life Cycles, Light, Physiology, Science, Oviposition, Longevity, Breeding, Larvae, Reproductive Physiology, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Black soldier fly, oviposition, nutrition, diet, larvae, artificial light, sunlight, light, light emitting diodes, Simuliidae, Nutrition, Physics, Electromagnetic Radiation, Light Emitting Diodes, fungi, Parturition, Biology and Life Sciences, Diodes, Diet, Artificial Light, Larva, Physical Sciences, Sunlight, Medicine, Engineering and Technology, Solar Radiation, Female, Electronics, Research Article, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens is gaining growing interest as a tool for the valorisation of bio-waste in a circular economy perspective. Although a wide variety of studies are available for larvae rearing, the indoor breeding of adults still presents a great challenge for industrial purposes. This study was designed to assess the simultaneous influence of 3 different light sources (the Mix of LED UV:blue:green 1:1:3, White LED, Neon light) and 3 types of nutrition (sugar and water, only water, no sugar no water) on adult performances, obtaining different egg production parameters that included the number and weight of the egg masses and single eggs laid by the females, the duration of pre-oviposition and oviposition period, the adult life span, the hatchability of the eggs. Our results showed that production parameters are influenced mainly by nutrition rather than light factor, although light plays an important secondary role. Moreover, the presence of sugar positively affects the egg production (12,93-27,10 mg eggs/female) and increases oviposition period (18,2-31,8 days) and adult lifespan (20,79-27,11 days). Light sources also affect egg production parameters, with the exposure to the Mix of LEDs resulting in the best performance of flies. Results obtained from this study are very useful for the design and management of an efficient industrial black soldier fly mass rearing process.

Published
2020

36. Mycorrhizal Role in Phosphorus Metabolism.

Author

POP MOLDOVAN, Victoria, VIDICAN, Roxana, CORCOZ, Larisa, and STOIAN, Vlad

Subjects
PHOSPHORUS metabolism, HOST plants, PLANT competition, PLANT roots, SOIL fungi, DROUGHT tolerance, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, MYCORRHIZAL fungi
Abstract

The roots of the plants are in contact with a substrate, and biotic and abiotic factors influence their functioning and development. The most known microorganisms associated with plant roots are soil fungi, which are adapted to the soil's living environment, called mycorrhizae. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the most common of these associations. In agricultural ecosystems, the constant use of technologies has resulted in a progressive reduction of mycorrhizal diversity. Due to this phenomenon, soil presents a lower potential for the development of multilevel hyphal networks which implies reduced connections between all individuals of a single species. Mycorrhizas offer benefits for the host plant, including mineral nutrition, increased drought tolerance, and protection against pathogens. They play a significant role in acquiring the necessary nutrients (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) from soil to their host plants, as these nutrients may have low mobility in most soils. Plants take up phosphorus from soil indirectly through the hyphal network that can reach outside from the root depletion area. Mycorrhizal association increases the accumulation of nitrogen in the plant as a result of the competition of hyphae for the organic mineralized form of this element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. PROSPECTING THE INFLUENCE OF POTTING SUBSTRATE AND AM INOCULATION ON Iris pseudacorus L.

Author

CRIŞAN, Ioana, VIDICAN, Roxana, STOIAN, Vlad, and VÂTCĂ, Sorin

Subjects
MICROBIAL inoculants, VACCINATION, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, HUMUS, MICROSCOPY, ENDOPHYTES, PLANT development, MICROFUNGI
Abstract

Iris pseudacorus is an ornamental macrophyte with phytoremediation capacity and medicinal value. In this research, it was used as model plant for study of four commonly occurring micromycetes: arbuscular mycorrhizae (Glomeromycota), fine root endophytes (Mucoromycotina), dark septate endophytes (Ascomycota) and Olpidium sp. (Chytridiomycota). Experiment was established with two substrate types: peat and bark humus, and inoculation treatment with three graduations: 2 and 5 AMF species and non-inoculated respectively. Root samples were collected for microscopic analysis after 3 months in pots and open field. Results show that all AM colonization parameters were higher in field compared to pots, but influence of AM inoculation decreases in field due to established background soil microflora. Frequency of DSE and Olpidium sp. was much higher in pots. Bark humus had a lasting positive effect on plant development. Compared to field, pot growing media could be more prone to microbiome disbalance perhaps due to lack of stability in natural-occurring mechanisms that act to regulate complex interaction dynamics. Understanding conditioning relationship between soil micromycetes across contrasting growing conditions could help addressing practical challenges associated with use of microbial inoculants in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

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