14 results on '"Stomachs"'
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2. Food and Feeding Habit of Wallago attu from Bhadar Reservoir of Gujarat, India
- Author
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Mohale, Hari Prasad
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. ¡Hola, barriguita! / Hello, Tummy!
- Author
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Aya Khalil and Aya Khalil
- Subjects
- Board books, Picture books, Bilingual Books, Livres tout carton, Stomach--Juvenile literature, Stomachs, Estomac--Ouvrages pour la jeunesse, Esto´mago--Literatura juvenil
- Abstract
Hello, belly button! From tummy time to snack time, from burps to giggles, join baby in discovering what round little bellies can do. With high-contrast design and engaging photographs, ¡Hola, barriguita! / Hello, Tummy! is perfect for the very youngest Spanish readers.
- Published
- 2024
4. Jellyfish in Pacific salmon food
- Author
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A. F. Volkov
- Subjects
salmon ,chum salmon ,jellyfish ,filling index ,stomachs ,food ,nutritional samples ,the sea of okhotsk and the bering sea ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Ctenophores, hydroid jellyfish, appendicularians, salpas, and the pteropoda mollusk Clione limacina, conditionally combined into the group of “jellyfish”, are found in the food of all Pacific salmon — chum salmon, pink salmon, sockeye salmon, coho salmon and chinook salmon, but only in chum salmon their share is most significant, which is shown both absolute criteria (CHIN-private index of gastric filling of certain species and groups of jelly beans) and relative (share of jelly in the total INJ-general index of stomach filling). In food, chum salmon were present in 45.0 % of samples, pink salmon — 11.0 %, sockeye salmon — 7.0 %, coho salmon — 3.3 %, chinook salmon — 1.1 %. Chum salmon is well adapted to nutrition with jelly, because. has a stomach many times larger than that of other salmon, and in the diet of gelatinous it takes first place among them. Thus, in the event of a shortage of the main food (crustaceans, fish, squid), the chum salmon, due to the ability to consume and assimilate low-calorie food in large volumes, receives additional benefits in competitive relations with salmon and other pelagic fish.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Неперетравлювані сторонні тіла у кормах для худоби та превентивні заходи в умовах господартва.
- Author
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Соколюк, В. М., Лігоміна, І. П., Духницький, В. Б., Бойко, П. К., Джміль, В. І., and Болтик, Н. П.
- Subjects
CULLING of animals ,DIGESTIVE organs ,ANIMAL diseases ,AGRICULTURAL wastes ,FOREIGN bodies ,BOVINE viral diarrhea - Abstract
In the modern conditions of dairy farming, the presence of indigestible foreign bodies in the stomachs of cattle is common, which is due to many factors. In 15 cows of the farm (6 % of the total number of animals in the herd), culled due to the pathology of the digestive organs, damage to the mesh and adjacent organs was diagnosed. The largest number of indigestible foreign bodies was metal objects, which were found in 8 cows; nylon ropes, kapron nets, polyethylene bags – for 4 cows; rags and leather items – from 2 cows; gravel and pieces of concrete were found in one animal. Consumption of indigestible foreign bodies is a common occurrence in farmed cattle, which can be a significant cause of loss of productivity, premature culling, and even animal death. Proper handling of indigestible foreign objects, plastic waste on the farm should be an integral part of preventive measures for animal disease, reduction of culling and improvement of animal welfare. Comprehensive dispensation must be carried out in the following areas: determination of herd syndromes, clinical studies of animals, laboratory studies of blood, milk, urine, analysis of feeding and keeping of animals. One of the main preventive measures is the regular probing of cows for metal-carrying objects with magnetic probes, the introduction of metal object catchers. Among the workers serving the livestock industry, carry out explanatory work on the danger of spreading various indigestible objects on the territory of fodder lands and livestock farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Contamination by microplastics in commercially important marine fish from the north of Sinaloa, Mexico
- Author
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Román Vega, Martin, Martínez Alvarez, Iván, Ahumada Cervantes, Ramiro, Portillo Molina, Raul, Apún Molina, Juan, Zavala Norzagaray, Alan, Santamaría Miranda, Apolinar, Román Vega, Martin, Martínez Alvarez, Iván, Ahumada Cervantes, Ramiro, Portillo Molina, Raul, Apún Molina, Juan, Zavala Norzagaray, Alan, and Santamaría Miranda, Apolinar
- Abstract
The presence of microplastics on the planet has become a major threat to marine ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them. This problem covers a wide group of animals, such as marine fish, and includes commercially important fish. The present study was carried out from October 2018 to July 2019, the above, with the intention of completing a seasonal cycle. The objective of this work was to know the main types of microplastics ingested by six of the most important commercial fish species for the northwestern zone of Mexico (Centropomus viridis, Cynoscion othonopterus, Pomadasys macracanthus, Diapterus peruvianus, Lutjanus sp and Scomberomorus sierra), in the lagoon and insular systems of Navachiste and Ohuira, Sinaloa, Mexico, 556 stomachs of fishes were examined and analyzed under the technique of stereoscopic microscopy. The results showed that four of the six species analyzed were contaminated by microplastics, finding five different types of particles corresponding to the group of microplastics, [Nylon (99), > Polyurethane (42), > polyethylene (14), > Polyethylene Terephthalate (6), > polyester fibers (2)]. This is the first study that reports contamination by microplastics in these species within the north of Sinaloa, Mexico. e2023-15, e2023-15, La presencia de microplásticos en el planeta se ha convertido en una gran amenaza para los ecosistemas marinos y los organismos que los habitan. Este problema cubre un amplio grupo de animales, como los peces marinos, e incluye peces comercialmente importantes. El presente estudio se realizó desde octubre de 2018 hasta julio de 2019, lo anterior, con la intención de completar un ciclo estacional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer los principales tipos de microplásticos ingeridos por seis de las especies de peces comerciales más importantes para la zona noroeste de México (Centropomus viridis, Cynoscion othonopterus, Pomadasys macracanthus, Diapterus peruvianus, Lutjanus sp, y Scomberomorus sierra) en los sistemas lagunares e insulares de Navachiste y Ohuira, Sinaloa, México. Se capturaron y analizaron los estómagos de 556 individuos bajo la técnica de microscopía estereoscópica. Los resultados mostraron que cuatro de las seis especies analizadas estaban contaminadas por microplásticos, encontrándose cinco tipos diferentes de partículas correspondientes al grupo de los microplásticos, [Nylon (99), > poliuretano (42), > polietileno (14), > tereftalato de polietileno (6), > fibras de poliéster (2)]. Este es el primer estudio que reporta contaminación por microplásticos en estas especies en el norte de Sinaloa, México. e2023-15
- Published
- 2024
7. Eco-biological Study of the Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis from Oubeira Lake.
- Author
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Chalabia, Chabet Dis, Zohra, Kara-Toumi Fatma, Saida, Bouamama, Fayrouz, Sahra, and Boucena, Mohamed Amine
- Subjects
GAMBUSIA ,SEX ratio ,CULISETA ,MOSQUITO larvae ,LAKE ecology - Abstract
Gambusia was studied in Oubeira lake in spring of 2016. A total of 100 specimens were collected in the lake. The sex ratio was F:M = 5.12: 1. The length-weight relationship was estimated for the population, with Wt= 0.0197Lt2.4451. The condition factor was calculated as C=1±0.2 (for population) and a significant difference was observed between males and females. For 100 examined stomachs, the diet mainly consists of algae (N=54.96%, Pi= 166%, O=91%), followed by the mosquito larvae (N=21.52%, Pi= 65%, O=49%), detritus (N=19.2%, Pi= 58%, O=46%) and arthropods (N=4.3%, Pi= 13%, O=13%). For mosquitoes, two genera were recorded: Culiseta and Culex with 4 species: Culex pipiens, Culex theileri, Culex laticinctus, and Culex antennatus. The culture experiments confirmed the important predation on mosquito larvae was observed with feeding intensity for females and males of 86 ± 12.28 % and 92 ± 8 % for the Culex larvae and 91 ± 7 and 93.66 ± 5.68 for the Culiseta larvae, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the sexes or for mosquito larvae. Our data support the idea that the introduction of mosquitofish has both negative and positive effects since this fish feeds on the most abundant food and not only on mosquitoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Xenografted Human Whole Embryonic and Fetal Entoblastic Organs Develop and Become Functional Adult-like Micro-organs
- Author
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Angioi, Karine, Hatier, Renée, Merle, Michel, and Duprez, Adrien
- Subjects
- *
TRACHEA , *XENOGRAFTS - Abstract
Background and aims. The aim of this study was to study the morphological and functional development in vivo of whole human embryonic and fetal stomachs, intestines, tracheas, and lungs, which would otherwise be ethically and technically impossible to perform in utero, by microsurgically grafting these organs into nude mice.Materials and methods. Five hundred fifty-seven human organs obtained from legally aborted embryos and fetuses of 6–10 weeks were microsurgically grafted into nude mice for 1 to 273 days. Following different grafting times, biopsies were taken for optical and electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, and cellular kinetics studies. A catheter was introduced into the human organs in order to collect and analyze secretions.Results. All of the grafts took successfully. Macroscopic growth was fast during the first 6 to 10 weeks, following which organ size was stable. In situ hybridization studies detected only a minute level of mouse mesenchymal chimerism in the grafts. The different epithelial cells differentiated, became of adult type, and remained normal during the remainder of the grafting periods. The pH of gastric juice from stomachs grafted for 10 to over 90 days dropped from 8.0 ± 0.1 to 1.58 ± 0.29 over this time period (P < 0.001), intrinsic factor levels were stable, and pepsin ranged from 6.8 ± 7.8 to 134 ± 51 units (P < 0.001).Conclusions. These results demonstrate that the development of entoblastic organs from human embryos and fetuses microsurgically grafted into nude mice is similar to that occurring in utero. As such, this method provides a model for the analysis of whole human organs in development and later normal adult-like micro-organs for physiological, therapeutic, and pathological studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Curvas de crescimento dos órgãos do sistema visceral de caprinos Saanen
- Author
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Andrade, Marina Elizabeth Barbosa [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Teixeira, Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida [UNESP]
- Subjects
Intestines ,Fígado ,Gastrointestinal tract ,Liver ,Mesenteric adipose tissue ,Stomachs ,Intestinos ,Estômagos ,Tecido adiposo mesentérico ,Trato gastrointestinal - Abstract
Submitted by MARINA ELIZABETH BARBOSA ANDRADE null (marina.elizabeth.15@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-05T20:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marina_Elizabeth_Barbosa_Andrade.pdf: 1779690 bytes, checksum: 51b157ca3cbbdb6dc57ecd5a6207a396 (MD5) Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: A folha de aprovação deve ser inserida na página subsequente à ficha catalográfica. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-09-06T16:31:12Z (GMT) Submitted by MARINA ELIZABETH BARBOSA ANDRADE null (marina.elizabeth.15@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-06T19:11:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marina_Elizabeth_Barbosa_Andrade.pdf: 1979789 bytes, checksum: e5046942b9fb3e5014e6fa1eadfcd9db (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-11T19:35:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_meb_me_jabo.pdf: 1979789 bytes, checksum: e5046942b9fb3e5014e6fa1eadfcd9db (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T19:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_meb_me_jabo.pdf: 1979789 bytes, checksum: e5046942b9fb3e5014e6fa1eadfcd9db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-10 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Este trabalho foi realizado utilizando informações de 7 estudos, em que foram ajustadas curvas de crescimento ao desenvolvimento dos órgãos do sistema visceral de fêmeas, machos castrados e machos inteiros da raça Saanen de 0,5 a 19,5 meses de idade. Inicialmente, foram avaliados oito modelos: Regressão linear simples; Quadrático; Monomolecular; Brody; Von Bertalanffy; Logística; Gompertz; e Richards. Os dados dos órgãos viscerais (fígado, pâncreas, baço, rúmen-retículo, omaso, abomaso, intestino delgado e intestino grosso) e tecido adiposo mesentérico (TAM), foram ajustados nos modelos usando o procedimento NLMIXED do SAS. O melhor modelo ajustado foi escolhido com base no Critério de Informações Akaike corrigido para pequenas amostras (AICc) e nos coeficientes de correlação de concordância (CCC). Após a escolha do modelo que melhor ajustou a curva de crescimento dos órgãos viscerais avaliados, modelamos a variância buscando um melhor ajuste. Os parâmetros dos modelos para cada sexo foram comparados utilizando o comando CONTRAST (p < 0,10). Em geral, o modelo que melhor descreveu o crescimento de órgãos do sistema visceral foi o logístico (menor AICc e maior CCC). Quando os órgãos foram expressos em gramas, o sexo não influenciou os parâmetros das equações para predição do crescimento dos órgãos avaliados (p > 0,10), exceto o MAT (p < 0,02); em que as fêmeas apresentaram menor taxa de deposição comparada aos machos inteiros e castrados (0,318 ± 0,034 vs 0,659 ± 0,062), e um ponto de inflexão superior ao dos machos inteiros e castrados (7,7 vs 3,7 meses). No entanto, essa diferença entre os sexos não é encontrada quando o MAT é expresso em % ao peso do corpo vazio (PCV). Independentemente do sexo, no início do crescimento, o fígado representou 2,75 ± 0,113 % do PCV, cresceu (g) a uma taxa máxima de 0,531 ± 0,062, e o ponto de inflexão de sua curva ocorreu em 1,7 meses. O trato gastrointestinal (TGI) representou 9,14 ± 0,493 % PCV, e à medida que os animais cresceram o TGI diminuiu sua porcentagem em relação ao PCV a uma taxa constante de 0,135 ± 0,046 %. Considerando o período avaliado, em geral, o rúmen-retículo e o intestino grosso aumentaram sua porcentagem em relação ao PCV e TGI, enquanto o abomaso e o intestino delgado diminuíram sua porcentagem em relação ao PCV e TGI, à medida que o animal crescia. O rúmen-retículo e o intestino grosso, que estão diretamente relacionados à digestão de alimentos sólidos, apresentaram maiores taxas de crescimento nos dois primeiros meses de vida. Os resultados evidenciaram que o sexo não afeta o crescimento de órgãos do sistema visceral (g), exceto para MAT, porém, quando olhamos em % PCV alguns órgãos mostram diferenças entre os sexos, como o fígado, abomaso, intestino delgado, intestino grosso e intestinos. O conhecimento da curva de crescimento dos órgãos viscerais pode ser muito útil para melhorar a compreensão de seu impacto sobre as exigências nutricionais desses animais, e ser utilizado para otimizar ou desenvolver um plano nutricional adequado para cada fase de crescimento, como também auxiliar os produtores a desenvolver planos estratégicos em um rebanho de caprinos, como a melhor idade para desmame e abate desses animais. This work was performed gathering information of 7 studies, in which growth curves were fitted to the visceral organs of female, intact male, and castrated male Saanen goats from 0.5 to 19.5 months old. Initially, eight models were assessed: Monomolecular; Simple linear regression; Quadratic; Monomolecular; Brody; Von Bertalanffy; Logistics; Gompertz; and Richards. Data of the visceral organs (liver, pancreas, spleen, rumen-reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine) and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) were fitted in the models using NLMIXED procedure of SAS. The best fitted model was choosing based on the Akaike Corrected Information Criterion for small samples (AICc) and values and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). After choosing the model that best fitted the growth curve of the evaluated visceral organs, we modelled the variance seeking a better fit. Parameters of the models for each sex were compared using the CONTRAST statement (p < 0.10). Overall, the model that best described visceral organ growth was the logistic (i.e., lower AICc and higher CCC). When organs were expressed in grams, the sex did not influence the parameters of equations to predict the growth of the evaluated organs (p > 0.10), except for TAM (p < 0.02); females presented a lower deposition rate compared to intact males and castrated males (0.318 ± 0.034 vs 0.659 ± 0.062), and a inflection point higher than intact males and castrated males (7.65 vs 3.69 months). However, this difference between the sexes is not found when TAM is expressed in % to empty body weight (EBW). Irrespective of sex, at the beginning of growth, liver stood for 2.75 ± 0.113 % of EBW, grew (g) at a maximum rate of 0.531 ± 0.062, and its inflection point of the curve occurred at 1.7 months. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) stood for 9.14 ± 0.493 % EBW, and as the goats grew the GIT decreased its percentage in relation to the EBW at a constant rate of 0.135 ± 0.046 %. Considering the evaluated period, in general rumen-reticulum and large intestine increased their percentage in relation to EBW and GIT, whereas abomasum and small intestine decreased their percentage in relation to EBW and GIT, as animal grew. The rumen-reticulum and large intestine, which are directly related to the digestion of solid foods, presented higher growth rates in the first two months of life. The results highlighted that sex does not affect the growth of visceral organs (g), except for TAM. However, when we look at % EBW, some organs show differences between the sexes, such as the liver, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and Intestines. Knowledge of the growth curve of the visceral organs can be very useful in improving the understanding of their impact on the nutritional requirements of these animals and can be used to optimize or develop a nutritional plan suitable for each growth phase, but also to help producers develop strategic plans for a herd of goats, such as the best age for weaning and slaughtering these animals.
- Published
- 2017
10. Estudo morfológico macro e microscópico da gastrite cáustica em ratos
- Author
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Andy Petroianu, Cibele Grossi Rocha, Luiz Ronaldo Alberti, and Aline M. Camargos da Costa
- Subjects
Stomachs ,Caustic ingestion ,Gastritis ,Complications ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
OBJETIVOS: A ingestão de álcalis provoca graves lesões no tubo digestório alto. A comercialização de substâncias cáusticas em forma líquida facilita o seu uso com intenções suicidas e torna as afecções por elas provocadas relativamente comuns. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as conseqüências morfológicas da infusão de substância cáustica no estômago murino. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 20 ratos Wistar adultos, de ambos os sexos. Após jejum alimentar de 12 horas, instilou-se 1ml de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) a 5% através de cateter orogástrico. Os ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=5), de acordo com o tempo de acompanhamento: 24 horas, sete dias, 30 dias e 90 dias, respectivamente. Decorrido o tempo de acompanhamento, os ratos foram mortos e seus estômagos foram avaliados macro e microscopicamente. RESULTADOS: Após 24 horas, os estômagos estavam dilatados e com aderências ao fígado, omentos e pâncreas. Suas mucosa e submucosa apresentavam áreas de necrose de coagulação do corpo e do antro entremeada por intensa infiltração bacteriana. Após sete dias, os estômagos permaneciam dilatados e mantendo o mesmo padrão necrótico anterior, porém sem os focos sépticos. Nos grupos de um e três meses, a cavidade abdominal teve aspecto normal. Os estômagos apresentavam consistência endurecida e com proliferação fibrovascular. CONCLUSÃO: Os animais que sobreviveram à necrose e à intensa infiltração bacteriana da primeira semana desenvolveram reparação progressiva de seus estômagos, porém acompanhada de complicações decorrentes da fibrose cicatricial.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Macro and microscopic morphology of caustic gastritis in rats
- Author
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Cibele Grossi Rocha, Andy Petroianu, Aline M. Camargos da Costa, and Luiz Ronaldo Alberti
- Subjects
Cáusticos-ingestão ,Estômago ,Complications ,Gastritis ,lcsh:Surgery ,Stomachs ,Surgery ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,Gastrite ,Caustic ingestion ,Complicações - Abstract
OBJETIVOS: A ingestão de álcalis provoca graves lesões no tubo digestório alto. A comercialização de substâncias cáusticas em forma líquida facilita o seu uso com intenções suicidas e torna as afecções por elas provocadas relativamente comuns. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as conseqüências morfológicas da infusão de substância cáustica no estômago murino. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 20 ratos Wistar adultos, de ambos os sexos. Após jejum alimentar de 12 horas, instilou-se 1ml de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) a 5% através de cateter orogástrico. Os ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=5), de acordo com o tempo de acompanhamento: 24 horas, sete dias, 30 dias e 90 dias, respectivamente. Decorrido o tempo de acompanhamento, os ratos foram mortos e seus estômagos foram avaliados macro e microscopicamente. RESULTADOS: Após 24 horas, os estômagos estavam dilatados e com aderências ao fígado, omentos e pâncreas. Suas mucosa e submucosa apresentavam áreas de necrose de coagulação do corpo e do antro entremeada por intensa infiltração bacteriana. Após sete dias, os estômagos permaneciam dilatados e mantendo o mesmo padrão necrótico anterior, porém sem os focos sépticos. Nos grupos de um e três meses, a cavidade abdominal teve aspecto normal. Os estômagos apresentavam consistência endurecida e com proliferação fibrovascular. CONCLUSÃO: Os animais que sobreviveram à necrose e à intensa infiltração bacteriana da primeira semana desenvolveram reparação progressiva de seus estômagos, porém acompanhada de complicações decorrentes da fibrose cicatricial. BACKGROUND: Alkali ingestion causes severe injuries in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Currently, a large variety of these agents may be found in liquid form, increasing their use in suicide attempts and accidental ingestion. The goal of the present study was to evaluate morphological effects of alkali ingestion in murine stomach. METHOD: Twenty adult rats, of both sexes were submitted to NaOH-5% gastric infusion through an orogastric catheter. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5), and studied after 24 hours, 7 days, 30 days and 90 days, respectively. The animals were killed and their stomach and abdominal cavity were assessed. RESULTS: After 24 hours, mucosa and submucosa presented coagulation necrosis, with a mild acute transmural inflammation with polymorphonuclear infiltration and numerous necrotic focci. After 7 days, the necrotic aspect was the same, but with no necrosis. In the groups of 30 and 90 days the abdominal cavity recovered its normal aspect. Stomachs showed fibrosis, rigidity and fibrovascular proliferation. CONCLUSION: The rats that survived to necrosis and bacterial infiltration during the first weeks, developed progressive healing of their stomachs, maintaining the risk of complications due to intense fibrosis.
- Published
- 2001
12. Outward Letter: Under Secretary of Justice , Page 356: Regarding stomach from Marton
- Author
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Sir James Hector and Colonial Museum
13. Outward letter: Bryce, J. , Page 409: Stomach of child, tests, autopsies
- Author
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Sir James Hector
14. Letter to Johannes and Christina Schock from Alma or Martha Schock - July 21, 1947
- Author
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Schock, Reinhold, Whitaker, Emma, Schock, Alma; Schock, Martha, Schock, Reinhold, Whitaker, Emma, and Schock, Alma; Schock, Martha
- Abstract
This object contains a letter, an envelope, a German transcription, and an English translation. Summary of letter contents: The girls thank Johannes and Christina for the letter. They write that Johannes had surgery on his stomach and has been in the hospital for many weeks. He is slowly getting better, but is still in the hospital. The girls write about how hard it is without parents right now and ask if Johannes and Christina can possibly send some things like shoes or an old dress. They thank Johannes and Christina and mention that their father would like to write but is too weak. They close with more greetings., Letters; Envelopes; Transcripts, Title supplied by staff., Johannes always addressed the folks as "old neighbors and friends" and does not indicate that he was a close relative - or related at all. His wife was Magdalena Sigloch, she died in 1942. They had eight children - two sons and six daughters. He had two unmarried daughters, Martha and Alma, were housed together on a farm until his last letter in December 1946 when Alma left the farm and moved into town. The other girls were: Helen - who died soon after the flight. Her husband was Emanuel Motz and they had five children. Ida, whose husband was Leopold Phitzer, they had three children. Else, whose husband, Eduard Scheurer, was killed in action. They had three children. Emilie was the oldest daughter. Her husband was Gottfried Wallewein. They had two children. In her one letter, she does not remember our folks, which would indicate that they are not relatives. The sons: Jakob was the oldest. His wife was born Zigler, they had two children. Johannes, the youngest son was married to Maria, nee Wallewein, and they had two children, Anna Maria and Helmud. With the exception of Emilie and son Johannes, the entire family lived in the vicinity of Herbsthausen, Kr. Mergentheim, Wurtemberg, Amer. Zone. He mentions his brother, Benjamin Schock and wife, Maria, nee Lutz, were in Hanover, English Zone. These sixteen letters includes one from Magdalena (Lutz) Wallewein. She was the mother-in-law to the youngest son, Johannes, with whose family she was living (N. Germany, English Zone). Mother remembered her as a neighbor from Bessarabia., Schock, Martin R., comp., The Migration of Schock from Unterheinriet, Germany and Ehni from Gutenberg, Germany through Borodino, Bessarabia (Romania) to Turtle Lake, North Dakota U.S.A. and Beyond: An Unfinished Family History. 3rd ed., 2002.
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