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In late August, 1988, Archaeological Research Services, Inc. performed a cultural resources survey of an approximately 4700 ft long by 67 ft wide (7.23 acres) corridor of highway easement along the northwest side of State Route 87 (between Center Street and Mesa Drive) for the Arizona Department of Transportation. This study area is located north of Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona on lands of the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. Six prehistoric archaeological sites were observed and recorded during the course of this project (four previously recorded, and two newly recorded). It has been concluded that all six sites are eligible or potentially eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. It has been recommended that these sites be avoided by restricting all construction activities to areas specified in this report. If construction activities cannot be so restricted, it has been advised that an archaeological testing program be undertaken to determine the presence/absence of sub-surface cultural resources. Provisional archaeological clearance has been recommended for the proposed highway improvement project contingent upon the sponsor's agreement to implement site avoidance procedures.

On July 6, 1987, Lyle M. Stone of Archaeological Research Services, Inc, (ARS) performed a cultural resources survey of an 7.974 acre parcel of land in Mesa, Arizona. This survey was requested by the Engineering Department, City of Mesa, in order to determine if important cultural resources (which may include prehistoric or historic archaeological sites or objects, architecturally or historically significant structures or buildings) were present which could be adversely affected by the proposed development of the parcel as a park (Sheepherders Park). The parcel is owned by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, and is leased to the City of Mesa. Accordingly, this survey was performed under the conditions and authority of a letter permit for a non-collecting, non-surface disturbing cultural resources survey issued to ARS by the Lower Colorado Regional Office of the Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.

This record contains a letter summary the results of a 1981 archaeological survey by Archaeological Research Services, Tempe, Arizona within a Salt River Project transmission line corridor in Pinal County, Arizona. No cultural resources were located during the survey.

On December 22, 1977, Lyle M. Stone of Archaeological Research Services performed a cultural resource evaluation of a 1.2 mile long road and an approximate 10 acre area. The road will be used for access to a 660 foot square temporary construction use area (Site 3) which is adjacent to the Kyrene to Silver King link of the Kyrene to Coronado 500 kV transmission line being constructed by Salt River Project. This evaluation was conducted on behalf of Salt River Project in order to determine if cultural resources (prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, historically or architecturally significant structures or buildings) existed either along the proposed access road route or within the construction use area which might be adversely affected by construction activities. No cultural resources were located during the course of these surveys. It is therefore recommended that archaeological clearance be granted since the proposed land-use activities will not adversely affect cultural resources.

On July 28, 1982, Lyle M. Stone of Archaeological Research Services, Inc. performed an archaeological survey of a 2.3 mile by 100 ft wide right-of-way for a proposed 22 kV distribution line on the Tonto National Forest near Punkin Center, Gila Country, Arizona. The proposed Salt River Project distribution line will serve an AT&T relay station in the vicinity of Four Peaks. This survey was requested by Salt River Project in order to determine if important cultural resources (prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, historically or architecturally significant structures or buildings) were located within the project area which might be affected by the proposed distribution line construction. The proposed line will be constructed along an existing telephone line alignment. This survey was performed under the conditions and authority of a Special Use Permit issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, to Archaeological Research Services, Inc. in October 1981. Accordingly, the appropriate Forest Supervisor and District Ranger were notified in writing in advance of the survey. This file includes an early report on the area resources by Mary Raring-Hart, a special use application, schematic drawings, and numerous pieces of correspondence among the U. S. Forest Service, Salt River Project, Lyle M. Stone, and Arizona State University.

On November 22, 1977, Karin H.-Ditzler of Archaeological Research Services performed an intensive archaeological survey of two privately owned areas which will be used for vehicle and machinery parking, material storage, and as a temporary Salt River Project (SRP) headquarters during the construction of the Kyrene to Silver King transmission line. This survey was conducted on behalf of the SRP in order to determine if cultural resources (prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, historic or architecturally significant buildings or structures) existed within the area which might be affected by proposed construction-related activities. No cultural resources were located during the course of this survey. It is therefore recommended that archaeological clearance be granted since the proposed access and construction use area will not adversely affect cultural resources.

In early February 1986, Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS) performed an archaeological survey of an approximately 525 acre parcel of Salt River Project-owned land located in northwest Tempe, Maricopa County, Arizona. The results of this survey were reported in March 1986. A portion of the parcel, the former "Legend City" property, was unsurveyable at the time of field investigation due to extensive blacktop and other ground cover, and ARS recommended that this property be archaeologically surveyed at such time as these surface obstructions were removed. In late October, Salt River Project notified ARS that the blacktop and other recent cultural remains had been removed from the property, and authorized ARS to perform an archaeological survey. This survey was performed by Lyle M. Stone on December 11, 1986, and involved walking across the approximately 51 acre parcel in north-south oriented parallel transects spaced 50 to 75 ft apart in order to observe surface evidence of cultural resources. In addition to the field survey, archaeological and historical site files and records had been previously consulted to determine if cultural resources had been previously located on the parcel. At the time of field investigation for this study, all existing blacktop and other recent cultural remains (e.g., "Legend City" facilities) had been removed and the ground surface was cleared for inspection.

On August 27, 1982, Lyle M. Stone and James E. Ayres of Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS) performed an archaeological survey of an approximately 128 acre parcel of land on the south side of the Salt River near Granite Reef Dam. The study area consists of U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management-administered land which has been withdrawn for U. S. Bureau of Reclamation purposes for use by the Salt River Project. Accordingly, this survey was performed under the authority and conditions of U. S. Department of the Interior Antiquities Permit Number 82-AZ-319 issued to ARS on June 30, 1982. This survey was requested by Salt River Project (SRP) in order to determine if cultural resources were located within the study area which would be affected by the proposed construction and operation of an interconnection between the Central Arizona Project (CAP) canal and the SRP water delivery system. The interconnection will include a turnout structure on the CAP canal and a pipeline or lined canal extending between the CAP canal and the Granite Reef Dam forebay and/or South Canal.

On June 4, 1986, Lyle M. Stone of Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS) performed a cultural resources survey of a proposed 12 kV powerline corridor located on Greenback Creek near its confluence with Tonto Creek app­roximately 6.5 miles southeast of Punkin Center, Gila County, Arizona. Although the powerline will be located on both U.S. Forest Service (Tonto National Forest) and private lands, only the 2.2 mile long segment across U. S. Forest Service lands was surveyed for the presence of cultural resources. The 2.2 mile long line segment will be constructed within a 7.0 ft wide corridor and will extend to the northeast from an existing line near the intersection of Greenback Creek and Forest Route 60, to a boundary between U.S. Forest Service and pri­vate land. In addition to the powerline corridor, appro­ximately 5060 ft of 20 ft wide new construction access road across Forest land was also surveyed. It is understood that other access routes will be within the Greenback Creek channel and immediate flood-plain between pole locations.

Site AZ U:9:8 (ARS) was initially defined by Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS) on April 26, 1985. At that time, Salt River Project (SRP) was excavating a footings trench for a concrete panel wall to be erected around a well site, and the construction crew encountered and reported archaeological remains in one of the excavated trenches. ARS was then requested by SRP to inspect the exposed remains, and to provide recommendations for the disposition of any identified cultural materials. In inspecting the exposed bottom and side profiles of an east-west oriented footings trench, ARS noted numerous prehistoric ceramic sherds and lithic flakes in-situ, in construction backdirt, and in the general vicinity of the construction job site. Accordingly, ARS indicated the presence of potentially important archaeological remains at this location, and recommended an archaeological testing program in order to further evaluate the nature, extent, and significance of this site in terms of National Register of Historic Places criteria of eligibility. At the immediate conclusion of testing field work, ARS reported these findings to SRP (by letter from Stone to Harris; 5/7/85), and advised that SRP authorize the further study of this site in order to recover, document, and report all important archaeological remains within an area of the job site which would be further affected by the completion of the construction project. This data recovery study was to involve the excavation of the remainder of the pithouse feature, and additional excavations within the trash deposit in order to firmly establish the age of this feature, and to determine its relationship to the pithouse. In recommending these additional studies, it was suggested that completion of the wall construction project be postponed in order to assure that the site would not be further disturbed prior to the completion of data recovery excavations. This report provides a brief review of the 1985 test excavation project, and describes the results of data recovery studies which were undertaken in April, 1986. Project personnel included Lyle M. Stone (Project Director), Daniel R. Bontrager, Brad W. Stone, and Everett J. Bassett. Bontrager performed the analysis of data recovery program lithics, and Stone provided an analysis of ceramic artifacts. The analysis of ethnobotanical remains derived from soil samples was undertaken and reported as Appendix A by Scott L. Fedick. David C. Eshbaugh analyzed a small sample of faunal remains.

An inventory of previously recorded prehistoric and historic archaeological sites in Maricopa County has been prepared by Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS), on behalf of the Maricopa County County Parks and Recreation Department, and with the assistance of a matching grant-in-aid from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, administered by the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office of the Arizona State Parks Board. This inventory report identifies and evaluates 2,343 sites in terms of their quality, endangerment status, and ownership, and provides recommendations for the preservation treatment of all sites. Treatment alternatives include the acquisition and protection of sites by public entities, the protection of sites by private landowners, and site documentation through data recovery. Other sites are identified which could be preserved intact through active or passive management procedures; a final category of inventory site requires further evaluation as a basis for determining its need for preservation treatment. In order to improve the effectiveness of cultural resource management and archaeological research activities in Arizona, it has been recommended that a systematic, comprehensive, and readily accessible state-wide site file system be established and that recording institutions and organizations co-operate by submitting existing and new site data for inclusion in this system.

Brigham City, a fortified Mormon settlement on the Little Colorado River near the City of Winslow, Navajo County, Arizona, was established in 1876 as a United Order community and abandoned by the Church in 1881. The property was subsequently incorporated into the La Prade farm and dairy, which was in operation from about 1897 until the mid-1940's. At present, the site is owned by the City of Winslow. Much of the arable land surrounding the site has been leased to a Winslow resident for agricultural and stock raising purposes. Although the approximate locale of the original Brigham City settlement has been known by a number of Winslow resident and historians, the site's exact location was not determined archaeologically until 1977. At that time, Dr. Lyle M. Stone of Archaeological Research Services (ARS), one of the current investigators, performed an archaeological test excavation project at the presumed site location to determine if sub-surface archaeological remains of Brigham City were present. This test excavation project had been requested by the Arizona State Historic Preservation Officer in order to determine if important cultural resources were present which would be adversely affected by the construction of a proposed waste water treatment facility access road. In May of 1980, Gerald A. Doyle & Associates, historical architects, and Dr. Lyle M. Stone of ARS were engaged as a joint-venture by the City to undertake the project. The scope of work required that the project be completed in the following phases: Phase I - Historical research to include (a), consultation with local sources for historical information; (b) identification and review of relevant published data; (c), research of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints archives in Salt Lake City, Utah; and (d), assembly of data on the history of the site, the composition and activities of its inhabitants, and the original architectural features of the site. Phase II - Archaeological and architectural research to include (a), extensive test and limited full-scale archaeological excavations at the site in order to determine the presence and condition of, and the relationship between, specific sub-surface remains; ( b ) , processing and analysis of archaeological data; and ( c ) , the documentation of site structures and features according to Historic American Buildings Survey standards. Phase III - Preparation and submission of a preliminary report of findings. Phase IV - Preparation and submission of a final report of findings and alternative interpretive development plans. Project historical research was performed during May and early June, 1980. Archaeological and architectural field work was completed between May and early July, 1980. Data analysis and report preparation were completed during the fall of 1980. Archaeological field work was under the overall supervision of Lyle M. Stone, with field work direction the responsibility of Edward M. Fortier. Wendell Eckholm assisted Fortier during the course of field investigations. Project archaeological photographs were also taken by Eckholm. Don W. Ryden, historical architect and Gerald A. Doyle, A.I.A., of Gerald A. Doyle and Associates, performed the architectural documentation of existing buildings on the site and assisted in the interpretation of archaeological features.

On August 28, 1985, Lyle M. Stone and Douglas R. Mitchell of Archaeological Research Services, Inc. performed an archaeological survey at the proposed locations of four small materials sources located near the historic Power Canal on Roosevelt Lake, Gila County, Arizona. It has been proposed by Salt River Project that borrow materials (silt, sand and gravel, soil) from each of these sources be used to cover four individual structural features on the Power Canal which are in disrepair and may be considered hazards to the general public. The purpose of this survey, requested by Salt River Project, was to determine if important cultural resources were located at the proposed materials source locations which would be adversely affected by materials removal and hauling. The four proposed materials sources are located on U.S. Forest Service, Tonto National Forest lands within the Tonto Basin Ranger District.

On March 3 and 4, 1986, Lyle M. Stone and Daniel R. Bontrager of Archaeological Research Service, Inc. (ARS), performed archaeological survey and monitoring for a sanitary sewer line construction project at the Salt River Project Kyrene Steam Plant in Tempe, Maricopa County, Arizona. The construction project on Salt River Project-owned land involved excavation of an approximately 1150 ft long by 2 ft wide trench within a 10 ft wide right-of-way parallel. The purpose of this survey, requested by Salt River Project, was to determine if cultural resources (prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, historically or architecturally significant structures or buildigs) were present within or immediately adjacent to the sewer line right-of-way which would be affected by proposed construction actions. Follow-up archaeological monitoring was performed in order to determine if important sub-surface archaeological remains or features were present within an approximately 200 ft long segment of the right-of-way along which a thin scatter of prehistoric ceramic sherds and lithics had been observed. The file includes related correspondence.

Between February 6 and 12, 1986, Scott L. Fedick and Lyle M. Stone of Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS), performed an archaeological survey of approximately 525 acres of Salt River Project (SRP) owned land in the vicinity of the SRP Administrative Offices complex in northwest Tempe, Maricopa County, Arizona. This study also involved background literature and archaeological site file research, and was undertaken at the request of the SRP Environmental Services Department in order to determine if important prehistoric or historic cultural resources were present which might be affected by future land use actions. This report summarizes the results of background research and archaeological survey, and provides recommendations for the disposition of cultural resources identified within the SRP property.

On March 21, 1985, Lyle M. Stone of Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS) performed an archaeological survey at the proposed location for the construction of a 300 gallon fuel tank on U.S. Forest Service (Tonto National Forest, Cave Creek Ranger District) land near Bartlett Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona. The fuel tank will be constructed by Salt River Project (SRP) and will supply fuel to an adjacent 80 kwh diesel generator which will be constructed inside the north end of the "bunkhouse" storage building. The fuel tank will be buried along the west side of the bunkhouse building. This survey was authorized by SRP, and performed under the conditions of a U.S. Forest Service Special Use Permit (nondisturbing) for Region 3 lands issued to ARS and effective through 12/31/85. The purpose of the survey was to determine if important cultural resources (historic or prehistoric archaeological sites, historically or architecturally significant structures or buildings) were located within the project area which would be affected by the proposed construction action.

On December 12, 1983, Lyle M. Stone and Douglas R. Mitchell of Archaeological Research Services, Inc. performed an archaeological survey along the route of a proposed power line construction project on Tonto Creek near the intersection of El Oso Road and Highway 188, Gila County, Arizona. This project, proposed by Salt River Project, will entail: (1) the construction of 755 ft of new underground electric line; (2) the construction of 1200 ft of new overhead line; and (3) the modification of power poles (rebuilt with "H" beam supports) along a 2560 ft long line segment. The underground line will extend from a pull box at the north side of the intersection of El Oso Road and Highway 188 across Highway 188 and A Cross Road to a pole riser. The new overhead line will extend from the pole riser to the northeast and will join the west end of an existing overhead line which crosses Tonto Creek. The construction corridor for the project is 20 ft wide. This survey was performed on behalf of Salt River Project in order to determine if cultural resources (prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, historically or architecturally significant structures or buildings) were located within or adjacent to the construction corridor which would be affected by proposed construction actions. This archaeological survey on U.S. Forest Service lands was performed under the conditions of a special use permit authorizing non-disturbing consulting archaeology on Region 3 forests which was issued to Archaeological Research Services, Inc. by the U.S. Forest Service in October, 1981. This file includes extensive correspondence, Decision Notice, and Finding of No Significant Impact related this project.

Flooding along the Salt, Gila, Verde, and Agua Fria Rivers in February and March of 1978 resulted in extensive damage to property in Central Arizona and in the disruption of ground transportation and commerce in the greater Phoenix area. Major flooding also occurred along these rivers in December, 1978 and February, 1980. The recognition of this flooding problem, and of requirements for the regulatory storage of Central Arizona Project (CAP) water, prompted the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) to initiate the Central Arizona Water Control Study (CAWCS) in July of 1978. The objectives of the CAWCS were to identify and evaluate alternative measures for flood control and regulatory water storage in Central Arizona. Both structural (i.e., dam construction or modification, levee construction), and nonstructural (i.e., flood proofing, flood plain regulation, water exchange) alternatives were to be considered within a large study area. A Safety of Dams (SOD) issue was subsequently recognized and incorporated in the CAWCS study process. As the study progressed through a consideration of eight alternative plans, a preferred alternative (the agency-proposed action) to address these objectives was selected by Reclamation. Several critical factors were considered in comparing alternative plans, and in defining the preferred plan alternative, including: - flood control performance of a plan - regulatory water storage performance - dam safety - economics (cost/benefits) - environmental impacts - social impacts - institutional constraints Each of these factors was thoroughly evaluated in relation to the plan alternatives during the three stage study process. Stage I established the parameters of the flood control and regulatory water storage problems to be addressed, defined a number of actions (termed elements) which might contribute to the resolution of these problems, and recommended specific actions that warranted further study on the basis of their performance characteristics. Of the 34 elements reviewed during Stage I, 20 were recommended for further consideration at a Stage II level of analysis. During the Stage II analysis, competing elements (those which served similar functions but which were at different locations) were compared in order to define and retain those which best served a particular function. These 10 remaining elements were then combined into 13 intermediate plans, termed systems, each of which could provide for flood control and regulatory water storage. At the beginning of Stage III, 10 elements remained in the study. These were combined into seven candidate plans, each of which satisfied flood control, safety of dams, and regulatory water storage objectives. An eighth plan (No Action) was also defined as a basis for evaluating the effects of a proposed undertaking. As the critical factors were considered in relation to each plan, two of the eight plans (numbers 4 and 5) were eliminated due to cost and associated adverse social and environmental effects. The remaining six plans were analyzed in detail; one plan (dubbed Plan 6) was subsequently identified as the agency-proposed action. In undertaking this study, Reclamation contracted with the firm of Dames and Moore to assist in defining and evaluating the alternative plans, and to prepare a draft environmental impact statement for the agency-proposed action. Archaeological Research Services, Inc., and the Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology (Office of Cultural Resource Management) were under subcontract to Dames and Moore for the historic and prehistoric cultural resource aspects of the CAWCS respectively. The historic cultural resource study was initiated in April, 1979, and concluded in December, 1981, and involved preparing reports and supporting documentation relative to each of the study stages above. For the purposes of this study, historic cultural resources are defined as those sites or properties which were occupied after the time at which written records became available for an area. As applied to the Southwestern United States, historic sites may include those in existence at or subsequent to the period of initial Spanish contact (during the 16th century).