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© 2016 Elsevier Inc. MYCN amplification and overexpression are common in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). However, the impact of aberrant N-Myc expression in prostate tumorigenesis and the cellular origin of NEPC have not been established. We define N-Myc and activated AKT1 as oncogenic components sufficient to transform human prostate epithelial cells to prostate adenocarcinoma and NEPC with phenotypic and molecular features of aggressive, late-stage human disease. We directly show that prostate adenocarcinoma and NEPC can arise from a common epithelial clone. Further, N-Myc is required for tumor maintenance, and destabilization of N-Myc through Aurora A kinase inhibition reduces tumor burden. Our findings establish N-Myc as a driver of NEPC and a target for therapeutic intervention.

© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Background: The 2015 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting, themed: "Multidisciplinary Intervention of Early, Lethal Metastatic Prostate Cancer," was held in La Jolla, California from June 25 to 28, 2015. Methods: The Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) sponsors an annual, invitation-only, action-tank-structured meeting on a critical topic concerning lethal prostate cancer. The 2015 meeting was attended by 71 basic, translational, and clinical investigators who discussed the current state of the field, major unmet needs, and ideas for addressing earlier diagnosis and treatment of men with lethal prostate cancer for the purpose of extending lives and making progress toward a cure. Results: The questions addressed at the meeting included: cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, evaluating, and targeting the microenvironment in the primary tumor, advancing biomarkers for clinical integration, new molecular imaging technologies, clinical trials, and clinical trial design in localized high-risk and oligometastatic settings, targeting the primary tumor in advanced disease, and instituting multi-modal care of high risk and oligometastatic patients. Discussion: This article highlights the current status, greatest unmet needs, and anticipated field changes that were discussed at the meeting toward the goal of optimizing earlier interventions to potentiate cures in high-risk and oligometastatic prostate cancer patients.

Higher education plays an essential role in society, creating new knowledge, transferring it to students and fostering innovation. Main processes developing in recent years in the field of education are associated with its modernization, internationalization and partnership between the educational institutions.The state of the external environment globally and the opportunities met by the educational institutions to respond to the challenges are represented. Высшее образование играет важную роль в обществе, создавая новые знания и передавая их студентам, а также стимулируя инновационную деятельность. Основные процессы, которые развиваются в последние годы в области образования, связаны с его модернизацией, интернационализацией и партнерскими отношениями между учебными заведениями. Представлены состояние внешней среды в глобальном аспекте и возможности, которые имеют образовательные учреждения для решения задач по реагированию на вызовы современности

The present study is focused on spray and freeze drying procedure for the preparation of Cr-doped sphene pigments (CaSn1-xCrxSiO5, CaTi1-xCrxSiO5) from an aqueous solution of precursor salts plus further calcining the resulting powders. The evolution of the present crystalline phases with applied thermal treatments has been studied by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and thermal analysis (DTA/TG). The powder morphology and chemical composition were analyzed by (SEM). The behaviour of the chromium ion was analyzed by ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS). The colour efficiency of pigments was evaluated by colorimetric analysis (CIE L*a*b system).