Search

Enterprise Social Software versprechen, Kommunikation im Unternehmen nicht nur effizienter, sondern auch demokratischer zu gestalten. Doch welche Chancen bieten diese Systeme tatsächlich für die Partizipation im Unternehmen? Welche Herausforderungen stellen sich? Welche Handlungsoptionen bieten sie für Betriebsräte? Diese Studie zeigt, wie Betriebsräte sich bei der Einführung solcher Systeme positionieren und die Software für eine Stärkung der Mitbestimmung nutzen können.

Famous examples like the Amazon headquarter in New York City or the Stuttgart 21 train station demonstrate that construction projects are often subjects of common interest and can therefore produce protests if citizens feel unheard in urban planning. In this manuscript, we would therefore like to investigate whether e-participation can be used as a tool to foster citizen involvement in construction projects that are of public interest. To this end, we present a prototype that combines participation with augmented and virtual reality. While offering a source for a better understanding of construction processes, our prototype allows users to bring in their own design suggestions and discuss these with others. With this prototype paper, we thus want to demonstrate how augmented and virtual reality can lay the ground for innovative ways of political participation that would offer great potential for project initiators and citizens.

During the last decade Amazon Mechanical Turk has evolved to an established platform for conducting behavioral research. However, designing and conducting economic experiments on online labor markets remains a complex and ambitious task. In comparison to laboratory environments, a set of specific challenges (such as synchronization and control) has to be thoroughly addressed. In order to support researchers in fulfilling this task, we provide a framework of a continuously updating guideline for conducting economic experiments on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Our main contributions are the proposition of (i) a challenge-oriented view based on common experimental economics practices, and (ii) a collaborative continuous guideline approach.

Real Time Delphi (RTD) is an advanced online implementation of the Delphi Method (DM), designed to speed up the period of time needed to conduct a survey using nowadays internet technology. However its overall design is still very restricted and does not leverage the full potential for collaboration of this new Information and communications Technology (ICT) channel. In this paper we propose two design elements that introduce social interaction in RTD to leverage positive effects, while not harming anonymity as a key feature of the DM. The contribution of this work is to enhance the RTD Method in a way that allows anonymous but social interaction amongst participants, addressing weaknesses of the current method regarding drop-outs of participants and the organizing and control of content.

Die Flächeninanspruchnahme liegt im Vierjahresdurchschnitt der Jahre 2011 bis 2014 mit 69 Hektar pro Tag immer noch mehr als doppelt so hoch wie von der Bundesregierung vor 14 Jahren in der nationalen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie festgelegt. Vor dem Hintergrund des 30-Hektar-Zieles hat die Bundesregierung in den Koalitionsverträgen der 17. und 18. Legislaturperiode vereinbart, gemeinsam mit den Städten und Gemeinden den kommunalen Handel mit Flächenzertifikaten in einem Modellversuch zu erproben. Der vom Umweltbundesamt beauftragte Modellversuch wurde als Planspiel durchgeführt. Kernstück des Planspiels war ein praxisnahes kontrolliertes Feldexperiment, an dem sich 87 Kommunen beteiligten. In diesem Feldexperiment simulierten die teilnehmenden Kommunen für eigene, real geplante Baugebiete den Flächenzertifikatehandel über einen Zeitraum von 15 Jahren (2014-2028) mittels einer Online-Plattform. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Flächenhandelssystem in der Lage ist, die Flächenneuinanspruchnahme effektiv zu verringern. Flächensparziele lassen sich zudem im Verbund aus Planung und flexibler Mengensteuerung effizient erreichen. Die Kommunen konnten die überörtlichen Mengenvorgaben durch den Kauf und Verkauf von Zertifikaten flexibel vor Ort umsetzen. Insgesamt belegen die Ergebnisse, dass ein Flächenhandelssystem geeignet ist, eine nachhaltige Siedlungsentwicklung zu fördern und Kommunalfinanzen zu entlasten.

Crowdsourcing gains momentum: In digital work places such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, oDesk, Clickworker, 99designs, or InnoCentive it is easy to distribute human work to hundreds or thousands of freelancers. In these crowdsourcing settings, one challenge is to properly incent worker effort to create value. Common incentive schemes are piece rate payments and rank-order tournaments among workers. Tournaments might or might not disclose a worker's current competitive position via a leaderboard. Following an exploratory approach, we derive a model on worker performance in rank-order tournaments and present a series of real effort studies using experimental techniques on an online labor market to test the model and to compare dyadic tournaments to piece rate payments. Data suggests that on average dyadic tournaments do not improve performance compared to a simple piece rate for simple and short crowdsourcing tasks. Furthermore, giving feedback on the competitive position in such tournaments tends to be negatively related to workers' performance. This relation is partially mediated by task completion and moderated by the provision of feedback: When playing against strong competitors, feedback is associated with workers quitting the task altogether and, thus, showing lower performance. When the competitors are weak, workers tend to complete the task but with reduced effort. Overall, individual piece rate payments are most simple to communicate and implement while incenting performance is on par with more complex dyadic tournaments.