547 results on '"Street light"'
Search Results
2. An intelligent geographic information system-based framework for energy efficient street lighting.
- Author
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Kabir, Kazi Amrin, Guha Thakurta, Parag Kumar, and Kar, Samarjit
- Abstract
An efficient urban development needs to reduce the carbon footprint by providing an innovative solution for street lighting deployment. Hence, a geographic information system is proposed to highlight the illumination levels and energy classes of streets, enabling energy-efficient street lighting. The proposed study investigates the intended area of the satellite image, for initial preprocessing. To identify the closest point the proposed methodology uses the entire training dataset. Subsequently, a classification report comprising the illuminated area and the value of power for each class is obtained. The proposed work is assessed using various performance measures, such as user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy, and the kappa coefficient. The superiority of the proposed method over traditional techniques shows an improvement in overall accuracy by 17.38–25.38% and the kappa coefficient by increasing its value from 0.2469 to 0.42, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
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3. Design and Carbon Credit Evaluation of a Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power System for Campus Streetlight: Case Study of the University of Uyo Main Campus, Akwa Ibom State
- Author
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Abasi-obot, Iniobong Edifon, Dan, Eduediuyai Ekerette, Umoren, Mfonobong, Celebi, Emre, Series Editor, Chen, Jingdong, Series Editor, Gopi, E. S., Series Editor, Neustein, Amy, Series Editor, Liotta, Antonio, Series Editor, Di Mauro, Mario, Series Editor, and Ekpo, Sunday Cookey, editor more...
- Published
- 2024
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4. IOT based Automatic Street Light Control
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Carlos, R. S., Rumiasih, Rumiasih, Chan, Albert P. C., Series Editor, Hong, Wei-Chiang, Series Editor, Mellal, Mohamed Arezki, Series Editor, Narayanan, Ramadas, Series Editor, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Series Editor, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Series Editor, Sachsenmeier, Peter, Series Editor, Sun, Zaicheng, Series Editor, Ullah, Sharif, Series Editor, Wu, Junwei, Series Editor, Zhang, Wei, Series Editor, Husni, Nyayu Latifah, editor, Caesarendra, Wahyu, editor, Aznury, Martha, editor, Novianti, Leni, editor, and Stiawan, Deris, editor more...
- Published
- 2024
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5. An Efficient Framework to Maximize Street Lighting Coverage
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Dey, Tanmoy, Thakurta, Parag Kumar Guha, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Basabi, editor, Biswas, Arindam, editor, and Chakrabarti, Amlan, editor more...
- Published
- 2023
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6. Demand-Based Street Lights Electrical Consumption Reduction in Industrial Cities Utilizing Internet of Things.
- Author
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Alenazi, Mohammed
- Subjects
STREET lighting ,INTERNET of things ,DIGITAL technology ,SUPPLY chain management ,MANUFACTURING processes ,TOTAL quality management ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
The lighting system is an essential component of any industrial city's infrastructure for drivers' safety to prevent accidents and facilitate ease of guidance as an accessibility manner to the city. However, street lighting accounts for a significant portion of the overall energy consumption in industrial cities that does not reflect the actual vehicles passing the street or the intended purpose of the lights. In this paper, we propose a smart sensing model to reduce street lights' electrical consumption based on demand using an Internet of Things (IoT) camera with a License Plate Recognition (LPR) function that detects vehicles. If a vehicle is detected using LPR, the street lights will be turned on for 15 seconds to allow the vehicle to pass the street, then turn off part of the street lights if no other vehicles are detected as an ideal status of the lights. Our results concluded that the proposed smart sensing model accomplishes its objective by achieving the highest street light electrical reduction in one hour across five days, which is 89.17 % for half of the lights controlled using IoT. Moreover, the highest average reduction for all five days with a period of 12 hours is 74.09% compared to regular status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
7. Absence of Street Lighting May Prevent Vehicle Crime, but Spatial and Temporal Displacement Remains a Concern.
- Author
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Tompson, Lisa, Steinbach, Rebecca, Johnson, Shane D., Teh, Chun Siong, Perkins, Chloe, Edwards, Phil, and Armstrong, Benedict
- Subjects
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STREET lighting , *VIOLENT crimes , *ROBBERY , *BURGLARY , *CRIME , *POISSON regression , *THEFT - Abstract
Objectives: This paper estimates the effect of changes in street lighting at night on levels of crime at street-level. Analyses investigate spatial and temporal displacement of crime into adjacent streets. Methods: Offense data (burglaries, robberies, theft of and theft from vehicles, and violent crime) were obtained from Thames Valley Police, UK. Street lighting data (switching lights off at midnight, dimming, and white light) were obtained from local authorities. Monthly counts of crime at street-level were analyzed using a conditional fixed-effects Poisson regression model, adjusting for seasonal and temporal variation. Two sets of models analyzed: (1) changes in night-time crimes adjusting for changes in day-time crimes and (2) changes in crimes at all times of the day. Results: Switching lights off at midnight was strongly associated with a reduction in night-time theft from vehicles relative to daytime (rate ratio RR 0.56; 0.41–0.78). Adjusted for changes in daytime, night-time theft from vehicles increased (RR 1.55; 1.14–2.11) in adjacent roads where street lighting remained unchanged. Conclusion: Theft from vehicle offenses reduced in streets where street lighting was switched off at midnight but may have been displaced to better-lit adjacent streets. Relative to daytime, night-time theft from vehicle offenses reduced in streets with dimming while theft from vehicles at all times of the day increased, thus suggesting temporal displacement. These findings suggest that the absence of street lighting may prevent theft from vehicles, but there is a danger of offenses being temporally or spatially displaced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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8. Improved Energy Efficiency in Street Lighting: A Coverage-Based Approach
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Dey, Tanmoy, Thakurta, Parag Kumar Guha, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Gupta, Deepak, editor, Goswami, Rajat Subhra, editor, Banerjee, Subhasish, editor, Tanveer, M., editor, and Pachori, Ram Bilas, editor more...
- Published
- 2022
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9. Standalone, Hybrid, and Distributed PV Systems
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Abou Jieb, Yaman, Hossain, Eklas, Abou Jieb, Yaman, and Hossain, Eklas
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- 2022
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10. Automated street light system by using wireless sensor networks
- Author
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Alhanouf Alburaikan
- Subjects
street light ,sensor network ,energy saving ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
Consumption of power is essential for the sustainability of future generations. The constant developing world makes everyone run beyond the capabilities and to meet the needs of the growing world. Conservation of electricity is the least concern of the today’s man. Concern to this problem, automated street light system can play a part in the electricity guard. The street light is combined with Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to make it automatically identifying the range of visible light and perform decision making whether to turn on or turn off the light. more...
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- 2022
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11. Analyzing the Effects of Urban Photopollution on Photosynthetic Efficiency of Certain Trees through Chlorophyll Fluorescence OJIP Transient
- Author
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Deepak Kumar, Hanwant Singh, Upma Bhatt, and Vineet Soni
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photopollution ,chlorophyll fluorescence ,OJIP ,tree physiology ,street light ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Trees in urban areas provide important ecosystem services and are an essential element of urban green space. The constant increase in artificial light from anthropogenic activities around the world creates photopollution that affects the phenology and physiology of plants. Here we conducted a field study to investigate the anthropogenic impacts on six urban trees (Saraca asoca, Terminalia catappa, Bauhinia variegata, Holoptelea integrifolia, Ficus benjamina and Thevetia peruviana) using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. OJIP curve, maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (ΦPo), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦEo), probability that an absorbed photon will be dissipated (ΦDo), photosynthetic performance index (PIcsm) and reaction center photochemistry were assessed. According to the results, various parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence showed significant and important effects on different tree species. T. peruviana and F. benjamina were found to be tolerant to street lighting, while on the other hand, S. asoca, T. catappa, B. variegata and H. integrifolia were found to be sensitive to artificial light induced by street lamps. This study clearly indicates that chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a potent method for screening the tolerance of tree species to photopollution induced by artificial lights. more...
- Published
- 2022
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12. IOT-Based Traffic Signal Violation and Over Speed Recognition
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Aswatha, A. R., Shwetha, J., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Bhateja, Vikrant, editor, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, editor, Travieso-Gonzalez, Carlos M., editor, and Flores-Fuentes, Wendy, editor more...
- Published
- 2021
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13. Analyzing the Effects of Urban Photopollution on Photosynthetic Efficiency of Certain Trees through Chlorophyll Fluorescence OJIP Transient.
- Author
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Kumar, Deepak, Singh, Hanwant, Bhatt, Upma, and Soni, Vineet
- Subjects
PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,CHLOROPHYLL spectra ,ECOSYSTEM services ,PLANT physiology ,PLANT phenology - Abstract
Trees in urban areas provide important ecosystem services and are an essential element of urban green space. The constant increase in artificial light from anthropogenic activities around the world creates photopollution that affects the phenology and physiology of plants. Here we conducted a field study to investigate the anthropogenic impacts on six urban trees (Saraca asoca, Terminalia catappa, Bauhinia variegata, Holoptelea integrifolia, Ficus benjamina and Thevetia peruviana) using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. OJIP curve, maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (ΦPo), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦEo), probability that an absorbed photon will be dissipated (ΦDo), photosynthetic performance index (PIcsm) and reaction center photochemistry were assessed. According to the results, various parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence showed significant and important effects on different tree species. T. peruviana and F. benjamina were found to be tolerant to street lighting, while on the other hand, S. asoca, T. catappa, B. variegata and H. integrifolia were found to be sensitive to artificial light induced by street lamps. This study clearly indicates that chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a potent method for screening the tolerance of tree species to photopollution induced by artificial lights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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14. Shedding light on the pedestrian safety crisis: An analysis across the injury severity spectrum by lighting condition.
- Author
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Ferenchak, Nicholas N., Gutierrez, Risa E., and Singleton, Patrick A.
- Subjects
PEDESTRIAN accidents ,PEDESTRIANS ,DAYLIGHT ,STREET lighting ,TRENDS ,STATISTICAL significance ,WOUNDS & injuries - Abstract
Objective: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 51% from 2009 to 2019. During that time, pedestrian fatalities occurring at night increased by 63.7%, compared to a 17.6% increase for pedestrian fatalities occurring during daylight conditions. Have there also been increases in serious, minor, and possible pedestrian injuries (i.e., have all pedestrian collisions been occurring more frequently)? Have pedestrian collisions been getting more severe (i.e., are there now higher proportions of more severe injuries)? Have trends differed between night and day? What role does street lighting play in the nighttime trends?Methods: We analyzed pedestrian fatalities, serious injuries, minor injuries, and possible injuries that occurred in California, North Carolina, and Texas from 2010 to 2019 using linear regressions to explore the strength and statistical significance of trends. We then parsed these trends by lighting condition, exploring outcomes during the day and night and with and without street lighting.Results: Findings suggest that increases in daytime minor (7.9%) and possible (7.5%) injuries closely mirrored increases in population (9.8%). Increases in daytime fatal/serious injuries were significantly higher (43.1% and 35.1%, respectively), suggesting worsening severities during the day. Increases in nighttime minor/possible injuries (31.9% and 27.6%, respectively) were significantly larger than those during the day, suggesting that pedestrian collisions are occurring more frequently at night. Substantial increases in nighttime fatal/serious injuries (78.0% and 74.7%, respectively) likely reflect a combination of worsening severity (seen throughout the day) and increasing frequency (seen particularly at night). A pedestrian injured in the dark was found to be 5.0 times more likely to be killed than a pedestrian injured during the day. While a lack of street lighting does not seem to be the cause of the disproportionate increase in pedestrian injuries at night, pedestrians struck without a street light were 2.4 times more likely to be killed than those struck in the presence of a street light.Conclusions: As we find ourselves in the midst of a pedestrian safety crisis, understanding that severities have increased throughout the entire day and frequencies have increased particularly at night helps illuminate a path forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
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15. Financing Models for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings and Street Lighting in Germany and Neighbouring Countries
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Novikova, Aleksandra, Stelmakh, Kateryna, Klinge, Alexander, Juergens, Ingmar, Hessling, Matthias, and Bertoldi, Paolo, editor
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- 2020
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16. Piezoelectric Transducer and Arduino Based Wirelessly Controlled Energy-Saving Scheme for Street Lights
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Rakshit, Somnath, Kar, Souvik, Banerjee, Tushar Kanti, Das, Santanu, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Biswas, Utpal, editor, Banerjee, Amit, editor, Pal, Sukhomay, editor, Biswas, Arindam, editor, Sarkar, Debashis, editor, and Haldar, Sandip, editor more...
- Published
- 2019
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17. Application of a Six-Step Bionic Strategy for Achieving Product Segmentation.
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Angeleska, Elena, Vasilevski, Kristijan, Mircheski, Ile, and Sidorenko, Sofija
- Subjects
- *
BIONICS , *ENGINEERING design , *INDUSTRIAL engineering , *INDUSTRIAL design , *INDUSTRIAL engineers , *SOLAR technology - Abstract
In this paper, the six-step strategy for bionic inspiration in industrial design and engineering is improved with involvement of an additional tool - functional decomposition. The improved strategy is explained through a design case study. The case study uses a "bottom-up" approach for identifying the key functionalities of the dandelion flower which is recognized as a unique natural phenomenon. Those functionalities are then redefined in a technical manner and used for designing a solar street light with the goal to achieve unique aesthetics and segmentation (modularity). The presented tools for systematization of gathered bionic information can help make the bionic product development processes more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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18. Automated Extraction of Street Lights From JL1-3B Nighttime Light Data and Assessment of Their Solar Energy Potential
- Author
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Bin Cheng, Zuoqi Chen, Bailang Yu, Qiaoxuan Li, Congxiao Wang, Beibei Li, Bin Wu, Yong Li, and Jianping Wu
- Subjects
Jilin1-03B (JL1-3B) satellite ,nighttime light ,solar energy potential ,street light ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
To realize energy conservation and environmental protection, solar street lights have been widely used in urban areas in China. To reasonably and effectively utilize solar street lights, the original street lights must be located, and the solar street light potential must be assessed. The Jilin1-03B (JL1-3B) satellite provides next-generation nighttime light data with a high spatial resolution and in three spectral bands. Consequently, the street lights can be extracted from the nighttime light data. We used the road network dataset from the open street map with a specific buffer to extract the road area as a constraint region. Next, the grayscale brightness of JL1-3B images was obtained by integrating all the three bands to locate the street light by using a local maximum algorithm. Then, the values of the original three bands were utilized to classify the types of street lights as high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps or light-emitting diode lamps. Finally, we simulated the replacement of all the HPS lamps with solar street lights and assessed the corresponding solar energy potential by using the digital surface model data and hourly cloud cover data through the SHORTWAVE-C model. The accuracy of location of the street lights was approximately 90%. Replacing an HPS lamp by one solar street light for 20 years can save 1.85 × 104 kWh of electrical energy, 7.41 t of standard coal, 5.03 t of C emissions, 18.47 t of CO2 emissions, 0.55 t of SO2 emissions, and 0.28 t of NOX emissions. more...
- Published
- 2020
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19. Vehicle Detection and Distance Estimation
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Rezaei, Mahdi, Klette, Reinhard, Viergever, Max, Managing editor, Borgefors, Gunilla, Series editor, Chan, Raymond, Series editor, Cremers, Daniel, Series editor, Deriche, Rachid, Series editor, Klette, Reinhard, Series editor, Leonardis, Ales, Series editor, Li, Stan Z., Series editor, Metaxas, Dimitris N., Series editor, Peitgen, Heinz-Otto, Series editor, Weickert, Joachim, Series editor, and Rezaei, Mahdi more...
- Published
- 2017
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20. In Search of Dark Skies
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Treadwell, Timothy and Treadwell, Timothy
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- 2017
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21. Drone Services for Mobile Crowds
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Loke, Seng W., Zdonik, Stan, Series editor, Shekhar, Shashi, Series editor, Wu, Xindong, Series editor, Jain, Lakhmi C., Series editor, Padua, David, Series editor, Shen, Xuemin Sherman, Series editor, Furht, Borko, Series editor, Subrahmanian, V.S., Series editor, Hebert, Martial, Series editor, Ikeuchi, Katsushi, Series editor, Siciliano, Bruno, Series editor, Jajodia, Sushil, Series editor, Lee, Newton, Series editor, and Loke, Seng W. more...
- Published
- 2017
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22. A STEEP-cum-SWOT approach for maintenance strategy evaluation for an off-grid PV-powered street lighting system.
- Author
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Ighravwe, Desmond Eseoghene, Babatunde, Moses Olubayo, Denwigwe, Iheanacho Henry, and Aikhuele, Daniel Osezua
- Subjects
- *
CONDITION-based maintenance , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *STREETS - Abstract
Recently, the installation of street light systems in remote communities has experienced significant improvement. This improvement has a direct relationship with the innovations in off-grid standalone energy sources. However, there exists sparse information on standalone PV-powered street light system maintenance. This is because existing models consider mainly the technical aspects of this system maintenance. The current study, therefore, presents a robust perspective on this system maintenance. It presents a framework that evaluates maintenance strategies for off-grid PV-powered street light systems; the framework considered STEEP (social, technical, economic, environmental and policy) requirements during maintenance activities. These requirements were used to design a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threats) framework that analyzes maintenance strategies for this system using a standard TOPS IS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and a fuzzy TOPSIS (F-TOPSIS) methods. Data from a community in Nigeria were used to test the proposed STEEP-cum-SWOT framework performance. It was observed that risk-based and condition-based maintenance strategies are the least and most suitable strategies for a standalone off-grid PV-powered street light system in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
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23. DETERMINATION OF THE FAILURE MECHANISM OF STAND ALONE SOLAR STREET LIGHT.
- Author
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Anoliefo, E., Oparaku, O. U., Egoigwe, S., and Olisa, S.
- Subjects
SOLAR system ,STREETS ,SPACE exploration - Abstract
Despite the acclaimed long-term benefits of solar PV systems, most stand-alone solar projects in Nigeria seem to fail within a short duration. In this work, an analysis is carried out to examine the factors that lead to such poor performance of solar projects in Nigeria. A case study of standalone solar street lights (SASSL) in Nsukka geographical region in Nigeria was explored. The field work was carried out from Dec 2016 - January 2018. Data from field indicate that in most cases, premature battery failure due to undercharging was responsible for the collapse of these stand-alone solar systems. Given that the PV module is the sole charge generator in SASSL, the energy yield of the PV modules used in the SASSLs were further investigated. Controlled experiments were carried out to determine the impact of specific environmental and installations conditions on the yield of the PV modules. The results of the experiments led to the development of a model. The weather and installation specific data were then inserted into the model and were used to determine the likely reasons for the premature failure of SASSLs. The results indicated that the within the period under review, the PV modules were capable of providing adequate energy to the battery for only 25% of the time. For another 25% of the time the energy provided were marginal while for 50% of the time the energy provided were grossly inadequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
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24. Advanced layout of street light panel
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Kamlesh Pandey, Mohammad Farhan Akmal, and Sanjay Kumar Sinha
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Transport engineering ,business.product_category ,Computer science ,Specific time ,Street light ,Time transfer ,General Medicine ,Electrical control ,Timer ,business ,Contactor - Abstract
We will discuss the automated electrical control panel in this project, with the primary goal of reducing road accidents and conserving electrical resources. I used a timer switch in the Electrical Control Panel, believing that this would enable the circuit to complete only at a specific time. If the time transfer is set to 7:00p.m., for example, the current would pass through the contactor at 7:00p.m. This breakthrough would aid in the reduction of energy waste. Because of workers incompetence, street lights are not turned on at the proper times, resulting in traffic accidents. This breakthrough would also help to minimise road accidents since it will turn on at a predetermined time, allowing drivers to see clearly on the road. more...
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- 2023
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25. What Other Accessories Are Useful?
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Coe, Steven R., Watson, John, Series editor, and Coe, Steven R.
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- 2016
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26. Dark Matters: The Effects of Artificial Lighting on Bats
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Rowse, E. G., Lewanzik, D., Stone, E. L., Harris, S., Jones, G., Voigt, Christian C., editor, and Kingston, Tigga, editor
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- 2016
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27. Demonstration of LED Street Lighting
- Author
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Kauffman, R. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Den mörka sidan av ljuset
- Author
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Flemming, Cornelia and Flemming, Cornelia
- Abstract
The spread of artificial light on Earth increases annually. One of many causes of this spread is due to increased street lighting and artificial light at night (ALAN). Lighting is one of the many necessities for people to feel safe. On the other hand, ALAN, which contributes to light pollution, negatively affects biological functions and thus biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether people are willing to accept an adaptation of the lighting to reduce the impact on biodiversity. The study thus aimed to investigate the trade-offs made between safety and biodiversity when planning outdoor lighting. The study was formatted as a case study with a mixed- methods design. A literature review, an interview study, and a survey study were included in the mixed method. The survey was conducted with respondents from Adolfsberg in Helsingborg, Sweden. The results showed that the experts interviewed considered it important to have even lighting in the landscape, to examine where the lighting is to be set up in the environment, and to communicate. From the survey, it could be discerned that half of the respondents could accept a change in lighting due to consideration for biodiversity. This study expresses the need to plan area-specific in the future where both safety and biodiversity must be taken into account. Lighting interacts with other physical area-specific attributes in the landscape, such as shrubbery. Therefore, it is important to plan the outdoor lighting based on its environment as well as taking subjective experiences and species composition into account. It is possible to design for increased consideration, i.e., adjust the light spectra, intensity, and evenness to suit the specific area. Future challenges are to collaborate and communicate why changes in outdoor lighting are taking place to increase knowledge, which can increase understanding and acceptance among people. Key words: Safety; Street light; Light pollution; ALAN; Biodiversity; T, Förena mörker med trygghet för att gynna biologisk mångfald! Årligen ökar spridningen av artificiellt ljus på jorden till följd av att vi människor bland annat sätter upp mer utomhusbelysning. Belysning är en av många nödvändigheter för att människor ska känna sig trygga. Belysning medför dock ljusföroreningar som påverkar biologiska funktioner negativt och den biologiska mångfalden tar skada. Trygghet och biologisk mångfald är två aspekter som bör beaktas när belysning i städer planeras, inte minst vid grönområden där fler arter förekommer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om människor är villiga att tolerera en anpassning av belysningen för att minska påverkan på biologisk mångfald. Framförallt undersöktes det i studien hur trygghet berodde på belysning i området Adolfsberg beläget i Helsingborgs stad och om befolkningen kunde tänka sig att anpassa belysningen för att öka hänsynen till biologisk mångfald. Därmed syftade studien till att undersöka avvägningar som görs mellan trygghet och biologisk mångfald vid planering av belysning. Examensarbetet var en fallstudie med blandad metoddesign inkluderat en litteraturgenomgång, en intervjustudie och en enkätstudie. Intervjupersoner var experter inom ämnet och enkätstudiens respondenter var boende och vistande kring ett grönområde i Adolfsberg/Sofieberg i Helsingborgs stad. Med hjälp av litteraturgenomgången kunde resultat från intervjustudien och enkätstudien jämföras med det befintliga forskningsläget. Resultatet visade vad experterna ansåg viktigast att fokusera på angående belysning kopplat till trygghet, biologisk mångfald och kommunal verksamhet. Här återkom några gemensamma aspekter som exempelvis hur viktigt det är med jämn belysning i landskapet, att undersöka miljön där belysningen ska sättas upp och vikten av att kommunicera. Studien undersökte om enkätrespondenterna kunde tänka sig en anpassning av belysningen för att gynna biologisk mångfald. Trender för området kunde urskiljas som att ökad trygghet inn more...
- Published
- 2023
29. Modeling the Spectral Properties of Obtrusive Light Incident on a Window: Application to Montréal, Canada
- Author
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Martin Aubé, Julien-Pierre Houle, Justine Desmarais, Nikki Veilleux, and Émie Bordeleau
- Subjects
human health ,light pollution ,modeling ,street light ,Montréal ,melatonin suppression ,Science - Abstract
This paper describes the use of a new obtrusive light module of the Illumina v2 model to estimate the light that may enter bedroom windows. We used the following as input to the model: (1) the sources’ flux and spectrum derived from the color images taken by astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS), (2) an association between source spectrum and angular emission, and (3) a per zone inventory of obstacles properties and lamp height. The model calculates the spectral irradiance incident to buildings’ windows taking into account the orientation of the street. By using the color information from an ISS image, we can classify pixels as a function of their spectra. With the same image, it is also possible to determine the upward photopic radiance for each pixel. Both serve as inputs to the model to calculate the spectral irradiance on any window. By having the spectral irradiance, it is possible to determine the Melatonin Suppression Index and the photopic irradiance on the window. Such information can later be used to perform epidemiological studies. The new methodology is applied to the city of Montréal in Canada for a set of houses’ locations. The computations are made for 2013 (pre-LED era). more...
- Published
- 2021
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30. The Best Viewing: Where, When, and How
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Jenkins, D. A., Watson, John, Series editor, and Jenkins, D. A.
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- 2015
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31. Young People Speak
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Komba, Geskevalola, Slovak, Jesse, White, Billy, Williams, James, Slee, Roger, Series Editor, Riele, Kitty te, editor, and Gorur, Radhika, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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32. Proposal of New Lighting Which Combined Functionality of Street Light and Outdoor Light
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Ainoya, Takeo, Kasamatsu, Keiko, Tomita, Akio, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Yamamoto, Sakae, editor more...
- Published
- 2015
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33. Selected Urban Threats to Insects
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New, Tim R. and New, Tim R.
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- 2015
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34. The Design of Monitoring System for City Intelligent Street Lamp Based on GPRS-Internet Technology
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Chen, Ke, Zhang, Lijun, Li, Sansi, Ke, Wende, Zhu, Rongbo, editor, and Ma, Yan, editor
- Published
- 2012
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35. Adverse Impacts of Inefficient Artificial Lighting
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Mizon, Bob and Mizon, Bob
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- 2012
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36. Japan: GIS-Enabled Field Research and a Cellular Phone GIS Application in Secondary Schools
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Ida, Yoshiyasu, Yuda, Minori, Milson, Andrew J., editor, Demirci, Ali, editor, and Kerski, Joseph J., editor
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- 2012
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37. Accessories and ‘Pimping’ Your ‘Scope
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Rumistrzewicz, Stefan and Rumistrzewicz, Stefan
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- 2010
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38. What Is Expected Of You: Gender and Sexuality
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Valk, Anne, Brown, Leslie, Valk, Anne, and Brown, Leslie
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- 2010
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39. Impact of artificial light at night on the foraging behaviour of the European Hamster: consequences for the introduction of this species in suburban areas.
- Author
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Dupont, Sophie M., Guinnefollau, Lauréline, Weber, Christiane, and Petit, Odile
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URBANIZATION ,STREET lighting ,WILDLIFE managers ,SUBURBS ,COMMON hamsters - Abstract
Among the pressures introduced by urbanization, artificial light at night (ALAN) can be problematic, particularly for nocturnal species. Populations of European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) have dramatically decreased in France since 1972 because of habitat loss due to urbanisation and changes in agricultural methods. The conservation project Life Alister aims to increase the abundance of this species in suburban areas via hamster release. However, the success of this population-restoration project may be compromised due to the possible effects of ALAN on the daily and seasonal cycles and behaviour of this nocturnal species. To understand how hamsters may respond to relocation, we experimentally studied the impact of ALAN on hamster foraging, a decisive behaviour for survival in natural habitats. This study assessed the behavioural responses of 18 animals when choosing between two food sources of different palatability in two different lighting conditions: artificial light (4 or 40 lux) or darkness. Our results show that hamsters avoided lighting that mimics suburban streetlights, particularly when grooming. Moreover, this study reveals that hamsters do not avoid street-lit areas when highly palatable food is present, suggesting they would be more susceptible to predation under these circumstances. Our results suggest that the adverse effects of ALAN on the behaviour of hamsters released on the outskirts of developed suburban areas could be limited by restricting the number of street lights, moderating the intensity of street lighting, or switching lights off during the hours hamsters are most active. We further recommend that wildlife managers avoid planting plants that are highly palatable to hamsters close to lighting in suburban areas to limit the risk of predation for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2019
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40. Lifetime Distribution and Reliability Analysis of High-Power LED Assembly of Street Light Under Thermal Environments.
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Hsu, Yao, Wang, Cheng-Hua, and Wu, Wen-Fang
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LIGHTING ,HEAT transfer ,RANDOM variables ,LIGHT emitting diodes ,FINITE element method - Abstract
High-power light emitting diodes (HPLEDs) have been applied extensively in lighting industry. This study proposes a procedure for analyzing the reliability of a typical HPLED assembly of street light under thermal environments. The junction temperature of a single package component under a canonical thermal environment is found through finite element analysis. The lifetime of the package component is then estimated with the help of the life prediction rule after the junction temperature is obtained. To reflect real situation, the uncertainty of thermal environments is further considered by assuming that the mixed convection heat transfer coefficient is a random variable. To simplify the analysis of the assembly, the circuit configuration of the assembly is addressed and discussed from the viewpoint of a system and its components. It is found that uncertainty of thermal environments does make the lifetime distributions more dispersed. With regard to the reliability, the assembly degrades faster than that of its package components; however, the reliability distribution of assembly is more concentrated than that of its package components. The results of this study can provide information for a street-light engineer to plan a maintenance strategy in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
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41. Opening Towns, Closing Frontiers
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Wolfe, Michael and Wolfe, Michael
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- 2009
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42. Conclusion
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Eagle, Dave and Eagle, Dave
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- 2014
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43. The Intelligent Street Light Control System for Preventing Heavy Fog of Expressway Based on ZigBee
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Xin Chen
- Subjects
business.product_category ,Computer science ,Control system ,Street light ,Intelligent lighting ,Lighting system ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Collision ,Computer communication networks ,Automotive engineering ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
In the severe weather such as heavy fog, there are car serial rear-end collision accidents in the expressway sometimes. In order to avoid such accidents, the expressway is often closed. The reason for the rear-end collision is that the drivers’ vision is limited in heavy fog and the vehicle ahead is not clear. There are many problems in the traditional street lighting system, such as the inability to intelligently control street lights according to the weather conditions, so it has been unable to meet the lighting needs of the highway. For this reason, this paper proposes a design scheme of intelligent street lamp control system for preventing heavy fog of Expressway Based on ZigBee technology. The system mainly uses CC2530 as the core device to collect the temperature and humidity on site in real time and automatically control the LED street lamp switch for lighting according to the collected data. The experimental results show that the system is easy to operate, responsive, energy-saving and emissions reducing, and can meet the needs of intelligent lighting in the expressway. more...
- Published
- 2021
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44. Internet of Things-based Smart Street System
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R. Roshni Karen, Segu Sravana Keerthi, S.P. Kalpana, Tirumala Raju Vineetha, and Chandla Ellis
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business.product_category ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Electric potential energy ,Electrical engineering ,Energy consumption ,Solar energy ,law.invention ,Work (electrical) ,law ,Street light ,Internet of Things ,business ,Energy (signal processing) ,Light-emitting diode - Abstract
Enormous amount of electrical energy is consumed in urban areas by means of street lights. Currently, the street lights are turned on and off manually which will lead to wastage of electrical energy. Due to inadequate dimming and low efficiency of lights, current is being wasted. The main aim of this smart LED system is to create a street light which will behave according to its surrounding. This LED will turn on automatically during dark time and off during bright time with the help of LDR. It will remain dim when there is no one near the light and turns on bright when people pass by it. By doing this, huge amount of energy is being saved. Though solar energy is efficient, it can’t work during rainy season. Thus, piezoelectric sensor is a good replacement of it. It converts the pressure that applied on it to electrical energy. This sensor is fixed in the road which will convert the pressure applied to it by the vehicles to electrical energy which can be utilized by the LEDs. Finally, this system aims to present an overview of a profitable and green solution to the energy consumption problem imposed by street lighting. more...
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- 2021
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45. Street Light Outages, Public Safety and Crime Attraction
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Jacob Kaplan, Michael LaForest, and Aaron Chalfin
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Finance ,education.field_of_study ,business.product_category ,Natural experiment ,business.industry ,Yield (finance) ,Differential (mechanical device) ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Identification (information) ,Leverage (negotiation) ,Street light ,Motor vehicle theft ,Dividend ,education ,business ,Law - Abstract
For more than one hundred years, street lighting has been one of the most ubiquitous capital investments in public safety. Prior research on street lighting is largely limited to ecological studies of very small geographic areas, creating substantial challenges with respect to both causal identification and statistical power. We address limitations of the prior literature by studying a natural experiment created by short-term disruptions to municipal street lighting. We leverage a natural experiment created by the differential timing of the repair of nearly 300,000 street light outages in Chicago. By conditioning on street segment fixed effects and focusing on a short window of time around the repair of a street light outage, we can credibly rule out confounding factors due to area-specific time trends as well as street segment-level correlates of crime. We find that outdoor nighttime crimes change very little on street segments affected by street light outages, but that outages cause crime to spill over to nearby street segments. Effects are largest for robberies and motor vehicle theft. Despite strong environmental and social characteristics that tend to tie crime to place, we observe that street light outages are sufficiently salient to disrupt longstanding patterns. While the impact of localized street light outages can reverberate throughout a community, the findings imply that improvements in lighting can be defeated by the displacement of crime to adjacent spaces and therefore do not necessarily suggest that localized investments in municipal street lighting will yield a large public safety dividend. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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46. Design and Fabrication of Power Generation System
- Author
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He Zhang and He Zhang
- Abstract
In the present situation power becomes basic need for human life. Energy is responsible for major developments of any country’s economy. Conventional energy sources generate most of the energy of today’s world. But the population is increasing day by day and the conventional energy sources are diminishing. Moreover, these conventional energy sources are polluting and responsible for global warming. So, non- conventional sources are needed to be developed for power generation which is clean, environment friendly and sustainable. In this research we propose a renewable non- conventional energy source based on speed breaker mechanism. Our project is to enlighten the streets utilizing the jerking pressure which is wasted during the vehicles passes over speed breaker in roadside. We can tap the energy generated by moving vehicles and produce power by using the speed breaker as power generating unit. The kinetic energy of the moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical energy through rack and pinion mechanism and this mechanical energy will be converted to electrical energy using generator which will be used for lighting the street lights. Therefore, by using this mechanism we can save lot of energy which can fulfill our future demands. more...
- Published
- 2022
47. Sustainable technical design and economic–environmental analysis of SMART solar street lighting system in Giza City, Egypt
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Amer M. Elwany, Marwa M. Ibrahim, and Lamiaa K. Elansary
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Architectural engineering ,Environmental Engineering ,Payback period ,Solar street light ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,Photovoltaic system ,Solar energy ,law.invention ,LED lamp ,General Energy ,Charge controller ,law ,Street light ,Environmental science ,Electricity ,business - Abstract
This paper introduces a study on using solar energy instead of fossil fuel energy to light the dark and gloomy streets. An intelligent smart street light system is implemented and the feasibility of SSL is evaluated using a case study of a remotely street located Real Estate Developer of Cairo University in Bolak Al Dakrour district in the state of Giza, Egypt. The main objective is to investigate the technical design feasibility of standalone solar systems, to evaluate cost–benefit analysis of solar LED luminaries compared to convention electrical luminaries for the outdoor street lighting system and to determine the sizing of system components as well as simulation of lighting arrangements is performed using DIALUX 4.12 software package. Results show that the integrated solar street light including motion sensor is used here in this study including LAMP of 15 W LED PHILIPS, 45 W Monocrystalline panel, 12 V 37.5 AH Lithium-ion battery and 10 A 12 V charge controller. This proposed system is designed according to 12 operation hours: 4 h with 100% efficiency, 4 h 75% with efficiency and 4 h with 50% efficiency. Luminaries' arrangements are two sides offset, pole height is 7 m and pole distance 32 m. It is found the cost benefit of using solar LED luminaries against normal electric luminaries reaches about 62% and payback period is 2 years. So, the proposed solar-powered LED street lighting system is technically feasible in Egyptian streets; LED lamps can save more than half of the total needed energy, allowing for the use of a small PV system as well financially viable and environmental impact of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, if the decreasing trend in PV system costs persists and electricity prices rise, solar lighting systems could be feasible in the future. more...
- Published
- 2021
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48. Dark Future?
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Mizon, Bob and Mizon, Bob
- Published
- 2002
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49. Deep-Sky Observing
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Privett, Grant, Parsons, Paul, Privett, Grant, and Parsons, Paul
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- 2001
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- View/download PDF
50. The effect of luminance on driving speed: A field experiment
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Stoeckli, Sabrina, Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael, Hertwig, Ralph, and de Bellis, Emanuel
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,field experiment ,luminance ,weather ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,driving speed ,street light - Abstract
We examine the influence of luminance on driving speed in a 6-months field experiment
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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