Search

The current dissertation aims to assess the well-being of Emergency Department (ED) nurses and identify (combinations of) job factors related to this. Second, it aims to evaluate the overall effectiveness and effective elements of an intervention implementation project conducted in multiple EDs in the Netherlands. Findings show a high prevalence of stress-related outcomes in ED nurses, but also high levels of work engagement and job satisfaction. Worktime demands and aggression/conflict situations have the strongest relationship with exhaustion, whilst work engagement is mostly related to developmental opportunities. Recovery during and outside of work can buffer the impact of patient-related stressful situations. According to a literature review, interventions can effectively prevent/reduce stress-related outcomes in nurses, with person-directed interventions reaching greater short-term effects. Little is known about their longevity and only a limited number of organization-directed studies exist. The current 2,5-year (mostly organization-directed) intervention project, led to improved working conditions but not (yet) to better well-being. Greater effects were found in hospitals with more fitting interventions and were employees felt more informed about and involved in the project. Psychosocial safety climate was positively related to communication, participation and the fit of actions to the risk factors, and as such provides a good starting point for a successful intervention project.

The current dissertation aims to assess the well-being of Emergency Department (ED) nurses and identify (combinations of) job factors related to this. Second, it aims to evaluate the overall effectiveness and effective elements of an intervention implementation project conducted in multiple EDs in the Netherlands. Findings show a high prevalence of stress-related outcomes in ED nurses, but also high levels of work engagement and job satisfaction. Worktime demands and aggression/conflict situations have the strongest relationship with exhaustion, whilst work engagement is mostly related to developmental opportunities. Recovery during and outside of work can buffer the impact of patient-related stressful situations. According to a literature review, interventions can effectively prevent/reduce stress-related outcomes in nurses, with person-directed interventions reaching greater short-term effects. Little is known about their longevity and only a limited number of organization-directed studies exist. The current 2,5-year (mostly organization-directed) intervention project, led to improved working conditions but not (yet) to better well-being. Greater effects were found in hospitals with more fitting interventions and were employees felt more informed about and involved in the project. Psychosocial safety climate was positively related to communication, participation and the fit of actions to the risk factors, and as such provides a good starting point for a successful intervention project.

Purpose: Stress is the body’s physical or mental reaction to adversity. It has become more prevalent because of dynamic social factors and changing lifestyle demands. Physical, mental, and behavioural changes occur as physiological responses to an external condition. Stress is a part of everyone’s life, and IT professionals are no exception. Individuals working in the information technology field are under more stress because they are target-driven and expected to deliver results. As technology and new-age facilities become more widely available, this pressure will increase. As a result, the industry has confronted the issue rather than avoided it. It is a positive sign because it could add significant value to the industry. This paper has attempted to study the stress management strategies adopted by TCS and Infosys. Methodology: To meet the objective of the paper, secondary sources of data which included books, journals, articles, Google Scholar, newspapers and websites are used. Findings: According to the findings, Infosys and TCS have well-designed coping strategies at the organisational level. Strong management strategies are also likely to reduce unhealthy stress in both TCS and Infosys by increasing employee autonomy, training, working environment, time frames, career development, and support networks. Originality/Value: This paper attempts to study the best practices adopted by TCS and Infosys' in stress management using secondary data. This research will enable the management of both TCS and Infosys to redesign their policies and strategies to reduce the existing high employee attrition and encourage productivity improvement in the organization. Also, the study will enable the readers, researchers and practitioners (HR Managers) to have a professional approach in addressing the critical issue of employee attrition focusing on stress management. Paper Type: Case Study.

It is urgent to develop a complex of primary, secondary and tertiary interventions for stress management, taking into account the specifics of both the models of labor and organiza-tional culture and regulatory recommendations for the implementation of personnel and educa-tional activities in the customs authority. The subject of this study is the methods of stress man-agement interventions at the organizational level in the customs authorities. The work implements diagnostic tools: the McLean Organizational Stress Scale test, the “Coping behavior in stressful situations CISS” technique.

Oncology nurses are at risk of chronic stress. In this narrative review we provide an overview of stress man-agement intervention studies for oncology nurses, and suggest that Acceptance and Commitment Thera-py/Training (ACT) provides a better intervention framework due to the relevance of underpinning therapeutic processes (e.g. acceptance, mindfulness, values clarification) to the role and stress-related experiences of this workforce population. Current evidence for the effectiveness of stress management intervention varies, with few studies describing how theory informs intervention content, or justifying why they should benefit this popu-lation specifically. ACT lends itself to data-driven intervention development, thus potentially addressing some methodological limitations in this field. Only one trial has tested ACT in this population, reporting only partial effects. Further empirical research is required given (a) the applicability of ACT for this population and context, and (b) the associated advantages of brief and/or group delivery to address known barriers to participating in stress management interventions.

This study reports the findings of a 2.5 year intervention project to reduce psychosocial risks and increase employee well-being in 15 emergency departments in the Netherlands. The project uses the psychosocial risk management approach “PRIMA” which includes cycles of risk assessment, designing and implementing changes, evaluating changes and adapting the approach if necessary. In addition, principles of participative action research were used to empower the departments in designing and implementing their own actions during the project. Next to determining overall effects, the study aims to assess potential moderators including the level of intervening (organization-directed or multilevel), process variables (the number and fit of actions to risk factors, communication and employee participation) and partaking in a Psychosocial Safety Climate intervention offered during the second half of the project. The results of linear mixed-model analyses showed that all job factors improved with the exception of autonomy, which did increase halfway the project but not when considering the entire timeframe. In addition, work engagement decreased and symptoms of burnout remained stable. Emergency departments that implemented more fitting actions, communicated better and involved their employees more in the process, had more favorable changes in job factors and more stable well-being. More activity (based on the number of actions implemented) and a multilevel approach regarding stress management did not lead to greater improvements. The Psychosocial Safety Climate intervention was effective in improving Psychosocial Safety Climate, but a longer follow-up period seems required to evaluate its effect on job factors and well-being. Overall, the project resulted in positive changes in most job factors, and its findings emphasize the importance of process variables in stress management interventions. Longer follow-up and higher quality multilevel interventions (including professional support for employees with stress-related complaints) seem essential to also improve well-being.

Few studies have investigated the consequences of caregiving on the objectively measured physiological health outcomes in China. This study used population-based longitudinal data to examine the association between parental caregiving and blood pressure among Chinese women. This is a retrospective analysis of 2586 women using five waves of data from the Ever-Married Women Survey component of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011). We applied growth curve models to examine trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) associated with parental caregiving among women in China. In multivariable analyses of blood pressure trajectories adjusting for potential confounders, parental caregivers had higher systolic (β-coefficient (β) = 1.16; p ≤ 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.75; p ≤ 0.01) compared with non-caregivers across multiple waves. Caregivers and non-caregivers had similar levels of systolic blood pressure at baseline, but caregivers exhibited relatively higher growth rate over time. Diastolic blood pressure was much higher among caregivers at the baseline measure, and across time relative to non-caregivers. Moreover, low-intensity but not high-intensity caregivers showed higher growth rate compared with non-caregivers for both SBP and DBP. Our results demonstrate the negative cardiovascular consequences of parental caregiving among Chinese women. Findings from the study can be used to develop future stress management interventions to decrease hypertension risk within women who provide care to their parents.

Background Changes of affective well-being are usually analysed either as longitudinal processes or as daily fluctuations. We used a three-burst diary study to combine these perspectives. Method The participants were 211 patients with a diagnosis of HIV infection. In three bursts with 6-month intervals, they completed an online diary for five consecutive days, which gives 15 days of measurements. They evaluate affective well-being (positive and negative affect), stress associated with a central hassle, and coping (rumination and positive reappraisal). Results Higher daily stress coupled with higher rumination was related to lower well-being. For positive reappraisal, the picture was more complex. First, its interaction with daily stress had an effect on negative, but not on positive, affect. Second, this effect was significant only at the first burst. Conclusions These results suggest a stable debilitating effect of daily rumination, but a limited and diminishing beneficial effect of daily positive reappraisal among people living with HIV. As such, they do not confirm the view that positive reappraisal sustains affective well-being during chronic health conditions. This may inform stress management interventions for PLWH, which are now increasingly taking the form of mobile applications, adapted to the daily lives of patients in their natural environment.

Despite high levels of stress, there are few empirically supported stress management interventions for caregivers of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) cancer patients. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and various stress-related outcomes from pre- to post-treatment of a pilot, single-arm trial of a 6-week mindfulness-based intervention (FOCUS) for stress management. Caregivers (N = 21; 76% female; mean age = 57.43) were enrolled prior to patient transplant and received FOCUS during the first 90 days post-transplant. Findings indicated that FOCUS was highly feasible and acceptable (e.g., 71% attended at least four of six sessions; 100% reported using the skills learned at follow-up; high treatment engagement). Significant increases in mindfulness, post-traumatic growth, and general mental health were observed, along with significant decreases in negative affect (all ps < .05).

Purpose This study prospectively examined the role of maternal stress in boys' attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). Methods Children with ADHD (5–13 years) were recruited from 21 pediatric practices and followed up 12 months later (n = 166). Maternal stress was examined at baseline, and boys' ADHD symptoms and QoL were examined at baseline and 12 months later. Linear regressions examined whether baseline maternal stress predicted child ADHD symptoms and QoL 12 months later in a series of adjusted models that accounted for child age, ADHD medication use, neighborhood disadvantage, comorbidities and baseline ADHD symptoms or QoL (full model). Results In the unadjusted model, maternal stress at baseline was significantly associated with more severe parent-reported ADHD symptoms at 12 months, accounting for 5.7% of the variance in ADHD symptoms, but this association was attenuated after adjustments in the full model. Baseline maternal stress was associated with poorer QoL at 12 months in boys in the unadjusted model, accounting for 12.4% of the variance, which remained significant in the full adjusted model. Conclusions Maternal stress is associated with lowered QoL in boys, and may pose a risk for boys' later QoL. Practice implications Stress management interventions with mothers of children with ADHD experiencing heightened stress are warranted, and are likely to have a positive impact on mothers as well as children.

Objectives: The main aim of the dissertation was to evaluate the current theoretical and newly acquired knowledge about the issue of stress management in the workplace and to propose desirable recommendations for enterprises that want to incorporate stress management into their internal processes. Methods: The theoretical definition of the issue focused on work-related stress, the most important work-related stress models, the sources and causes of stress in the workplace, and especially its influence on the business environment. It also addressed the impact of Industry 4.0 and the COVID-19 pandemic as new significant stressors. Emphasis was also placed on defining the stress management issue and implementing appropriate measures and recent trends. Primary data was obtained through quantitative research. The research was carried out at the enterprise level. The enterprises in the primary set were located in the South Bohemian Region and were part of the CZ-NACE category C (10-33): Manufacturing. The research was conducted in 194 small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in 2022 by an electronic structured questionnaire. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of primary data, the current state of stress management in small and medium-sized enterprises was determined. The recommendation was made for enterprises that want to integrate it into their internal processes. Based on multivariate statistics, company profiles were created according to similarities in the field of stress management.

The study aimed to examine differences between paediatric nurses and physicians regarding burnout syndrome, secondary traumatic stress (STS) and perceived social support (PSS).Paediatric nurses and physicians encounter cumulative effects of treating sick and injured children and helping their families, in situations that might promote burnout and STS.Cross-sectional design.Nurses (n = 158) and physicians (N = 76) completed self-report questionnaires on STS, PSS and burnout.Nurses and physicians had similar rates of STS and burnout but showed significant differences in PSS. Furthermore, STS mediated the association between PSS and burnout for both groups; however, the effect was stronger for nurses in comparison to physicians.Paediatric nurses and physicians would benefit from participating in interventions geared towards reducing STS, thus minimizing burnout. Moreover, advocating social support within the organization is needed to bolster the ability for coping with sources of stress.Nurses' and physicians' involvement in the physical, physiological and mental needs of their paediatric patients might lead to burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS). However, research on social support in the context of burnout and STS among nurses and physicians is scant. Secondary traumatic stress and burnout were similar for nurses and physicians, though perceived social support (PSS) was higher for nurses. Secondary traumatic stress plays a mediating role in the association between PSS and burnout among nurses and physicians. However, the mediation effect was stronger for nurses. Policy makers would be wise to advocate institutional stress management interventions to reduce secondary traumatic and to reinforce organizational support for nurses and physicians.目的: 此研究旨在探讨儿科护士与医生之间关于倦怠综合征、继发性创伤压力(STS)和领悟社会支持(PSS)的差异。 背景: 儿科护士和医生会在治疗患病和受伤儿童以及帮助其家庭时遭遇累积效应,这样的情况可能会导致倦怠和继发性创伤压力(STS)。 设计: 横断设计。 方法: 护士(n = 158)和医生(N = 76)完成关于继发性创伤压力(STS)、领悟社会支持(PSS)以及倦怠的主管报告调查表。 结果: 护士和医生有着相似的的继发性创伤压力(STS)率以及倦怠率,但领悟社会支持(PSS)率有着显著差异。此外,继发性创伤压力(STS)调解了两组领悟社会支持(PSS)与倦怠之间的关系。然而,相比于医生,继发性创伤压力(STS)对护士的影响更加显著。 结论: 儿科护士和医生将受益于参与旨在减少继发性创伤压力(STS)的干预措施,从而最大程度地减少倦怠。此外,非常有必要在组织内倡导社会支持,从而增强应对压力源的能力。 影响陈述: 护士和医生与儿科患者的生理和心理需求接触可能会导致倦怠和继发性创伤压力(STS)。然而, 社会支持以及倦怠和领悟社会支持(PSS)背景下对护士和医生的研究却很少。护士和医生会面对相似的继发性创伤压力和倦怠,不过护士的领悟社会支持(PSS)相比来说会更高。继发性创伤压力对护士和医生的领悟社会支持(PSS)和倦怠有调解作用。但是,继发性创伤压力对护士的影响更加明显。决策者应该提倡机构压力管理干预措施,以减少继发性创伤并加强对护士和医生的组织支持。.

In past literature, exposure to nature has been demonstrated to have beneficial, restorative effects on the human body and cognitions. Using a two-wave, full panel design, the present study takes an interdisciplinary approach to extend previous findings and to explore the relationship between exposure to nature at work and workplace strain outcomes. The Attention Restoration Theory was used to describe how nature exposure indirectly reduces strain, through increased employee attention. The sample (N = 176) consisted of full-time office employees, working in an urban setting in the United States. Results demonstrated significant relationships between workplace nature exposure, directed attention, and strain outcomes (burnout, job dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms). Specifically, directed attention significantly mediated the association between nature exposure and all workplace strain outcomes. The findings of the study provide several practical and theoretical contributions to occupational health science through the consideration of increased exposure to nature as a new, additional job resource. Future research should consider the relevance of workplace nature exposure to stressor-strain theory and the incorporation of nature into stress management interventions.

Background: Stress is a reaction to physical, psychological and emotional events. Respective to other chronic diseases, breast cancer (BC) is a dire stressful situation greatly disheartening the patients. Therefore, patients with BC need long lasting physical and emotional support to cope with the stress. The purpose of this study was to systematic studies concerning with supportive stress management interventions in patients with BC. Methods: In this review, the literature search was performed in scientific databases including Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and Irandoc, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed [including Medline], and Elsevier. The keywords were retrieved from Medical Subject Headings (Mesh). The articles published from 1997 to 2017 were included. Accordingly, 440 articles were initially retrieved. After reading titles and abstracts, 152 articles were selected for reading full-texts. Finally, 54 articles including 3 books were used to structure the review. Results: All the included studies had an interventional design focusing on stress management approaches and their related covariates in women with BC. The findings were assessed regarding two distinct approaches. First, the studies assessing stress management interventions were scrutinized. Next, the impacts of the duration of the interventional sessions, the number of the participants and the contents of sessions were explored. Of the selected articles, 6 were about mindfulness, 2 about relaxation, and 7 about stress-related cognitive-behavioral therapy. In addition, one study was related to resilience training and 2 studies investigated problem-based approaches. Conclusion: Stress management interventions can be helpful in reducing stress in BC patients. Therefore, it is advisable to incorporate stress management strategies along with routine pharmaceutical therapies in these patients.

Stress is defined as any event, whether internal or environmental, that exceeds the adaptive or resistance resources of individual or social systems. It is a process that involves organic and psychic changes with relevance to the cognitive system and how it interprets different stimuli In dealing with stressful situations, coping strategies are employed in order for adverse events to be experienced more appropriately Methods: The study used a quasi- experimental with one group pretest and posttest control group design. A total of 30 staff nurses were included as interventional group (n=15) and control group (n=15) through purposive sampling technique. Stress management intervention was given for 1 week and review for another 3 weeks. On the first week of data collection, following the pre- assessment, a detailed lecture was given on stress and coping strategies for seven consecutive days to the interventional group. Followed by this, first post test assessment was done on the seventh day to both the groups and reviewed for another 3 consecutive weeks and second posttest assessment was also done flowingly to both the group Data collection tools are(1) demographicvariables,(2) Expanded nurses stress scale (3) Ways of Coping scale (4) Stress management intervention programme Result: The overall mean difference between experimental group posttest-3 (79.33±18.73) and control group posttest -2 (163.53±10.15) group with mean difference was 84.2. The obtained ‘t’ value was 15.35 with p=0.001 which was statistically highly significant difference between groups. The overall mean difference between experimental group posttest-3 (129.9±37.24) and control group posttest -3 (55.07±6.91) groups with mean difference was 74.87. The obtained ‘t’ value was 7.65 with p=0.001 which was statistically Highly significant difference between groups The result shows that the obtained coefficient correlation value in the control ‘r’ =-0.233 and p=0.048 which was statistically

The unexpected occurrence of the COVID-19 outbreak has undeniably disrupted the normalcy of life. Stress has become an important concern in education since the COVID-19 outbreak. This descriptive-correlational online survey administered in August 2020 utilized the COVID-19 Perceived Stress Scale (COVID-19 PSS-10) to assess the COVID-19 perceived stress among employed Filipino teachers. Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tested for differenceswhile Spearman's rho was used to analyze the correlation between variables. Results demonstrated that more than half of teachers experienced moderate COVID-19 stress. Females experienced significantly higher COVID-19 stress compared to males. A negative correlation was noted between self-rated health and COVID-19 stress while a positive correlation was found between the perceive risk of getting COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 stress. This study highlights that steps must be undertaken to help teachers dealwith the stress of the COVID-19 crisis as well as they must be provided or taught with stress management interventions during this pandemic. This study could be used as a baseline for future research to assess the impact of COVID-19 stress among professional teachers., La aparición inesperada del brote de COVID-19 ha interrumpido sin lugar a dudas la normalidad de la vida. El estrés se ha convertido en una preocupación importante en la educación desde el brote de COVID-19. Esta encuesta en línea descriptiva-correlacional administrada en agosto de 2020 utilizó la Escala de estrés percibido COVID-19 (COVID-19 PSS-10) para evaluar el estrés percibido por COVID-19 entre los profesores filipinos empleados. Whitney U y Kruskal-Wallis probaron las diferencias mientras que la rho de Spearman se utilizó para analizar la correlación entre las variables. Los resultados demostraron que más de la mitad de los maestros experimentaron un estrés moderado por COVID-19. Las mujeres experimentaron un estrés por COVID-19 significativamente mayor en comparación con los hombres. Se observó una correlación negativa entre la salud autoevaluada y el estrés por COVID-19, mientras que se encontró una correlación positiva entre el riesgo percibido de contraer la infección por COVID-19 y el estrés por COVID-19. Este estudio destaca que se deben tomar medidas para ayudar a los maestros a lidiar con el estrés de la crisis de COVID-19, así como se les debe proporcionar o enseñar intervenciones de manejo del estrés durante esta pandemia. Este estudio podría usarse como base para futuras investigaciones para evaluar el impacto del estrés por COVID-19 entre los profesores profesionales., Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Driving can occupy a considerable part of our daily lives and is often associated with high levels of stress. Motivated by the effectiveness of controlled breathing, this work studies the potential use of breathing interventions while driving to help manage stress. In particular, we implemented and evaluated a closed-loop system that monitored the breathing rate of drivers in real-time and delivered either a conscious or an unconscious personalized acoustic breathing guide whenever needed. In a study with 24 participants, we observed that conscious interventions more effectively reduced the breathing rate but also increased the number of driving mistakes. We observed that prior driving experience as well as personality are significantly associated with the effect of the interventions, which highlights the importance of considering user profiles for in-car stress management interventions.

Within the field of veterinary medicine the gender distribution has changed, since most graduates are now females. Studies show that female veterinarians represent a vulnerable group for stress and stress-related illnesses. The goal of the study was to identify typical profiles of stress management strategies and to clarify if vets are well-equipped to cope with occupational stressors. Within a cross-sectional design 78 female veterinarians from Austria and Germany were surveyed using a self-report test-battery assessing twenty different coping styles. Statistical analysis included one sample t-tests and Cohen`s d as a concurrent effect size measure. The results showed that female veterinarians are significantly more likely to use negative coping styles for their stress e.g. rumination (t(74) = 6.733, p = &lt, 0.001, d = 0.726) or escapism (t(72) = 2.173, p = 0.033, d = 0.281) when compared to the norm population. Amongst other studies these findings contribute to a systematic diagnosis which is necessary for the development and implementation of standardized stress management interventions for the veterinary education and training e.g. courses for improving communication and stress management skills and regular supervision or intervision (exchange with professional peers). Due to existing stigmatization concerning mental health, low-barrier counseling services should be provided for veterinarians who already feel stressed.

Organizations are interested in finding new and more effective ways to promote the well-being of their workers, to help their workers manage work-related stress. New technologies (e.g., smartphones) are cheaper, allow more workers to be reached, and guarantee their anonymity. However, not all employees agree on the use of new technological interventions for the promotion of well-being. Consequently, organizations need to investigate technological acceptance before introducing these tools. By considering the technology acceptance model (TAM) framework, we investigate both the influence of workers’ perceived usefulness and ease of use on their intentions to use apps that help them managing work stress. Moreover, we contribute to the extension of this model by considering both personal (i.e., self-efficacy, personal innovativeness) and organizational (i.e., organizational support for innovation) variables. Our research involved 251 participants who completed an online self-report questionnaire. The results confirm the central hypothesis of the TAM and the influence of other variables that could influence acceptance of new technologies, such as apps that help manage work stress, and the intentions to use them. These results could help organizations ensure technological acceptance and usage by their workers, increasing the effectiveness of new technologies and interventions to promote well-being.

Healthcare providers often perform under significant stress, during which their performance must be optimal, but is known to suffer. Stress management interventions in this context can provide cognitive support to rescue performance. This exploratory study sought to evaluate the effect of stress intervention components on stress and performance while clinicians engaged in two versions of a computer-based task, differing in overall level of demand: one high-stress and one low-stress. Participants (

Stressors have been reported to occur in a wide variety of competitive sports, including football, with numerous positive and negative outcomes. Nevertheless, what is apparent in elite sport is tha ...

Objective: To understand the effect of stress management interventions on improving stress response and job satisfaction among auto company employees. Method: A total of 320 employees in three Chinese auto companies were selected in August 2017 by stratified random sampling method to detect the stress response and job satisfaction. According to the score of job satisfaction, we got the low job satisfaction group (experimental group, n=86) and high job satisfaction group (control group, n=86). The two groups accepted a twelve months stress management intervention and then the stress response and job satisfaction scores were measured in August 2018 to learn the intervention effect. Results: The stress response score had a significant correlation with the job satisfaction score (r=0.219, P

In the present scenario, appropriate remuneration of the employee is the extensive factor to reduce the stress at workplace. Apart from this there are some more parameters that are considered as si...

Few longitudinal studies have investigated the use of coping strategies among police recruits. This study investigated perceived life and work stressors, appraisal, and coping over a seven-month police recruit academy training program. Participants were 81 police recruits who completed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire at three time points approximately three months apart. The average age of the recruits was 27.6 years ( SD = 5.1, range 20–51). Separate repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine coping scores. Statistically significant decreases, although small, were observed in reported emotion-focused, problem-focused, and seeking social support coping strategies. Results suggested that as police recruits undergo academy training, they rely on fewer coping strategies to deal with life and work stress. More longitudinal studies are needed that assess the methods police recruits utilize to manage stress during academy training. Such results can inform stress management interventions.

Background: Psychological distress in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been shown to vary according to characteristics of the care recipient, especially their behaviour problems. Trait emotional intelligence (TEI), which has been linked with subjective reports of distress in familial caregivers, has also been shown to predict behaviour problems in the care recipient. This study is, we believe, first to examine whether TEI might moderate the effect of child behaviour problems (CBP) on caregivers’ psychological functioning. \ud \ud Method: A sample of 118 parents of children with clinically verified ASD was asked to complete an online survey assessing: (a) TEI, (b) CBP and (c) perceived stress scores (PSS). The SPSS PROCESS macro (model 1) with bootstrapping was used to determine whether CBP, though its interaction with TEI, might predict caregivers’ PSS. \ud \ud Results: Data yielded a direct relationship between CBP and TEI, and caregivers’ PSS; however, no interaction effect was observed. These data reflect the fact that caregivers of children with more behaviour problems are at greater risk for psychological distress, as are caregivers with lower TEI. The relationship between CBP and PSS, however, was not differentially affected by caregivers’ TEI. \ud \ud Conclusions: These findings, which implicate lower TEI and greater CBP as risk factors for psychological maladjustment in caregivers of children with ASD, might inform the design and delivery of tailored stress management interventions.

Parents of children diagnosed with disabilities often experience elevated levels of stress compared to those parenting children without disabilities (Baker-Ericzen, Brookman-Frazee, & Stahmer, 2005; Tomanik, Harris, & Hawkins, 2004). This increase in stress can have a negative impact on parent well-being (Trute & Hiebert-Murphy, 2002) resulting in a stress-induced dysregulation of the immune system. In their article in this issue, Gouin, da Estrela, Desmarais, and Baker found that increased levels of social support served as protection against this dysregulation. In the current study, we examined the nature and beneficial components of formal support services targeted at reducing the stress levels of parental caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. With this meta-analytic review we attempt to examine the efficacy of these interventions and potential moderators to their effects by reviewing comparison group studies conducted in North America with parent stress interventions and stress outcome measures. Six studies were identified that met this review's criteria, reporting an overall effect of d = 0.51. In sum, stress management interventions were found to effectively reduce the reported stress of parents caring for children with developmental disabilities. A significant issue identified was the limited number of comparison group studies that examined stress management interventions for this population. Implications of these findings and need for further exploration are discussed.

Stress affects the lives of millions of people every day. In-situ sensing could enable just-in-time stress management interventions. We present the first work to detect stress using the movements of a car's existing steering wheel. We extend prior work on PC peripherals and demonstrate that stress, expressed through muscle tension in the limbs, can be measured through the way we drive a car. We collected data in a driving simulator under controlled circumstances to vary the levels of induced stress, within subjects. We analyze angular displacement data to estimate coefficients related to muscle tension using an inverse filtering technique. We prove that the damped frequency of a mass spring damper model representing the arm is significantly higher during stress. Stress can be detected with only a few turns during driving. We validate these measures against a known stressor and calibrate our sensor against known stress measurements.

The central aim of this systematic literature review study was to investigate the effectiveness of online stress management training interventions that aimed to improve employees’ well-being. The study focused both on the effectiveness of online stress management training interventions and the sustainability of the intervention effects over time. Within this literature review 18 intervention studies, conducted worldwide among 3085 participants between 2002 and 2017, were evaluated. Methodological quality was examined using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MATT). In general, the main outcomes showed that most of the interventions turned out to be effective in decreasing employees’ levels of stress. In addition, some of these studies also revealed sustainability of intervention effects over time. This suggests that online stress management interventions are a promising tool for organizations to foster employee well-being.

Organizational stressors are particularly prevalent across sport performers’ experiences and can influence their performance, health, and well-being. Research has been conducted to identify which organizational stressors are encountered by sport performers, but little is known about how these experiences vary from athlete to athlete. The purpose of this study was to examine if the frequency, intensity, and duration of the organizational stressors that sport performers encounter vary as a function of gender, sport type, and performance level. Participants (n = 1277) completed the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP; Arnold et al., 2013), and the resultant data were analyzed using multivariate analyses of covariance. The findings show that demographic differences are apparent in the dimensions of the goals and development, logistics and operations, team and culture, coaching, and selection organizational stressors that sport performers encounter. More specifically, significant differences were found between males and females, between team and individual-based performers, and between performers competing at national or international, regional or university, and county or club levels. These findings have important implications for theory and research on organizational stress, and for the development of stress management interventions with sport performers.