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Strongylacidon bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950) Tables 6, 7; Figs. 48A–B, 58C Synonymy and references: Fibulia bermuda de Laubenfels (1950: 52); Ulosa bermuda Rützler (1986: 121); Fibulia aff. bermuda and S trongylacidon aff. bermuda, Muricy et al. (2011: 190); Strongylacidon bermudae, Menegola et al. (2011: 4); Strongylacidon bermuda: Ugalde et al. (2015: 163). Type locality. Bermuda. Material examined. CNPGG-2170, Cayo Arcas reef (20.19491°N, 91.95741°W), 10 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 25 April 2018. Distribution. Mexico (Ugalde et al. 2015; current records), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950). Remarks. Strongylacidon bermuda has previous records from Bermuda; viz., de Laubenfels (1950); as Fibulia bermuda, and Rutzler (1986); as Ulosa bermuda. It has recently been recorded for the SGoM by Ugalde et al. (2015), particularly in Alacranes reef, at 5 m depth. Apparently, it is relatively common in Bermuda, but it is rare in the GoM and was never recorded previously in the Caribbean Sea. It is certainly a shallow-water species since all previous species’ records were taken at 3–5 m depth. The current record is from 10 m., Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipielago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x","Rutzler, K. (1986) Phylum Porifera (Sponges). In: Sterrer, W. (Ed.), Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, pp. 111 - 126.","Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp.","Menegola, C., Garcia Santos, G. J., Moraes, F. & Muricy, G. (2011) Three new species of Strongylacidon (Chondropsidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from north-east Brazil, with new morphological characters for the family. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (5), 859 - 867. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315411000555","Ugalde, D., Gomez, P. & Simoes, N. (2015) Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of Mexico, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953). Zootaxa, 3911 (2), 151 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3911.2.1"]}

Strongylacidon bermuda (de Laubenfels 1950) (Fig. 9 A���C) Selected synonymy: Fibulia bermuda de Laubenfels, 1950: 52. Material examined. CNPGG ��� 1166 Alacranes reef (22 �� 23 ��� 9.05 ���N 89 �� 40 ��� 49.71 ���W), depth 5 m, 1 /VIII/ 2009 CNPGG ��� 1192 Alacranes reef (22 �� 23 ��� 9.05 ���N 89 �� 40 ��� 49.71 ���W), depth 5 m, 1 /VIII/ 2009. Description. Massive rounded sponge with low mounds (Fig. 9 A), 5 cm in diameter and 3 cm in height. Surface is markedly conulose. These protuberance-like conules are mainly round and evenly distributed all over the surface, 0.5���1.5 mm in height, 1���2 mm apart. Several oscules mainly on top of the sponge are 3���5 mm in diameter. Consistency is firm but slightly compressible. A not so easily detachable thin dermis is visible; with a reticulate pattern of pigmented granules enclosing the pore fields. Color in vivo is black with green subectosomal veins, dark violet or black in alcohol. Skeleton. Without ectosomal skeleton. The choanosomal skeleton consists of poorly defined reticulation made by densely packed tracts of spicules outlining round to irregular meshes (Fig. 9 B). Ill-defined tracts 150���300 ��m in thickness, several of which conform a trellis work towards the surface, making up those conules or tuberculate protuberances of the surface. Connective tracts 30���70 ��m thick, with abundant but loose single strongyles. Spicules. Abundant straight, uniform and slender strongyles, with isodiametric endings 158.6���218 �� 1.3���2.8 ��m (Fig. 9 C), some with rod shaped, and loop shaped ends. Microscleres are absent. Distribution and ecology. Bermuda (de Laubenfels 1950). Inhabits reef environments and reported up to 15 m in depth. This is the first record for the Gulf of Mexico. Remarks. Strongylacidon bermuda has not been recorded again since its original description by de Laubenfels (1950) in Harrington Sound, Bermuda, where it was fairly common. The features described for S. bermuda are consistent with the present material. The massive habit is rather common for S. bermuda, although some differences emerge: 1) massive with a tendency to grow up into rounded lobes, hardly called digitate (de Laubenfels 1950); 2) massive with rounded lobes or low tubes (R��tzler 1986:Fig. 32; as Ulosa) and 3) massive with low mounds (present work)., Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, G��mez, Patricia & Sim��es, Nuno, 2015, Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of M��xico, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953), pp. 151-183 in Zootaxa 3911 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3911.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/238815, {"references":["Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x","Rutzler, K. (1986) Phylum Porifera (sponges). In: Sterrer, W. (Ed.), Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley T Sons, New York, pp. 111 - 127."]}