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1. The neuropsychology of emerging psychosis and the role of working memory in episodic memory encoding

Author

Pflueger MO, Calabrese P, Studerus E, Zimmermann R, Gschwandtner U, Borgwardt S, Aston J, Stieglitz RD, and Riecher-Rössler A

Subjects
At-Risk Mental State (ARMS), First-Episode Psychosis (FE), Neuropsychology, Cognition, Episodic Memory Encoding, Working Memory, Serial Position Effect, Recency, Semantic Cluster Ratio, 2-Back Task, rate of learning, Psychology, BF1-990, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

Marlon O Pflueger,1 Pasquale Calabrese,2 Erich Studerus,3 Ronan Zimmermann,4 Ute Gschwandtner,4 Stefan Borgwardt,5 Jacqueline Aston,3 Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz,6 Anita Riecher-Rössler3 1Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland; 2Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 3Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; 4Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 5Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 6Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Background: Episodic memory encoding and working memory (WM) deficits are among the first cognitive signs and symptoms in the course of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, it is not clear whether the deficit pattern is generalized or specific in nature. We hypothesized that encoding deficits at an early stage of the disease might be due to the more fundamental WM deficits. Methods: We examined episodic memory encoding and WM by administering the California Verbal Learning Test, a 2-back task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in 90 first-episode psychosis (FE) patients and 116 individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) compared to 57 healthy subjects. Results: Learning progress, but not span of apprehension, was diminished to a similar extent in both the ARMS and the FE. We showed that this was due to WM impairment by applying a structural equation approach. Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that verbal memory encoding deficits are secondary to primary WM impairment in emerging psychosis. Keywords: at-risk mental state, first-episode psychosis, cognition, serial position effect, recency, semantic cluster ratio, 2-back task, rate of learning

Published
2018

2. Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings

Author

Velthorst E., Mollon J., Murray R. M., de Haan L., Germeys I. M., Glahn D. C., Arango C., van der Ven E., Di Forti M., Bernardo M., Guloksuz S., Delespaul P., Mezquida G., Amoretti S., Bobes J., Saiz P. A., Garcia-Portilla M. P., Santos J. L., Jimenez-Lopez E., Sanjuan J., Aguilar E. J., Arrojo M., Carracedo A., Lopez G., Gonzalez-Penas J., Parellada M., Atbasoglu C., Saka M. C., Ucok A., Alptekin K., Akdede B., Binbay T., Altinyazar V., Ulas H., Yalincetin B., Gumus-Akay G., Beyaz B. C., Soygur H., Cankurtaran E. S., Kaymak S. U., Maric N. P., Mihaljevic M. M., Petrovic S. A., Mirjanic T., Del-Ben C. M., Ferraro L., Gayer-Anderson C., Jones P. B., Jongsma H. E., Kirkbride J. B., La Cascia C., Lasalvia A., Tosato S., Llorca P. -M., Menezes P. R., Morgan C., Quattrone D., Menchetti M., Selten J. -P., Szoke A., Tarricone I., Tortelli A., McGuire P., Valmaggia L., Kempton M. J., van der Gaag M., Riecher-Rossler A., Bressan R. A., Barrantes-Vidal N., Nelson B., McGorry P., Pantelis C., Krebs M. -O., Ruhrmann S., Sachs G., Rutten B. P. F., van Os J., Alizadeh B. Z., van Amelsvoort T., Bartels-Velthuis A. A., Bruggeman R., van Beveren N. J., Luykx J. J., Cahn W., Simons C. J. P., Kahn R. S., Schirmbeck F., van Winkel R., Calem M., Tognin S., Modinos G., Pisani S., Kraan T. C., van Dam D. S., Burger N., Amminger G. P., Politis A., Goodall J., Borgwardt S., Studerus E., Gadelha A., Brietzke E., Asevedo G., Asevedo E., Zugman A., Dominguez-Martinez T., Monsonet M., Cristobal-Narvaez P., Racioppi A., Kwapil T. R., Kazes M., Daban C., Bourgin J., Gay O., Mam-Lam-Fook C., Nordholm D., Rander L., Krakauer K., Glenthoj L. B., Glenthoj B., Gebhard D., Arnhold J., Klosterkotter J., Lasser I., Winklbaur B., Reichenberg A., Velthorst E., Mollon J., Murray R.M., de Haan L., Germeys I.M., Glahn D.C., Arango C., van der Ven E., Di Forti M., Bernardo M., Guloksuz S., Delespaul P., Mezquida G., Amoretti S., Bobes J., Saiz P.A., Garcia-Portilla M.P., Santos J.L., Jimenez-Lopez E., Sanjuan J., Aguilar E.J., Arrojo M., Carracedo A., Lopez G., Gonzalez-Penas J., Parellada M., Atbasoglu C., Saka M.C., Ucok A., Alptekin K., Akdede B., Binbay T., Altinyazar V., Ulas H., Yalincetin B., Gumus-Akay G., Beyaz B.C., Soygur H., Cankurtaran E.S., Kaymak S.U., Maric N.P., Mihaljevic M.M., Petrovic S.A., Mirjanic T., Del-Ben C.M., Ferraro L., Gayer-Anderson C., Jones P.B., Jongsma H.E., Kirkbride J.B., La Cascia C., Lasalvia A., Tosato S., Llorca P.-M., Menezes P.R., Morgan C., Quattrone D., Menchetti M., Selten J.-P., Szoke A., Tarricone I., Tortelli A., McGuire P., Valmaggia L., Kempton M.J., van der Gaag M., Riecher-Rossler A., Bressan R.A., Barrantes-Vidal N., Nelson B., McGorry P., Pantelis C., Krebs M.-O., Ruhrmann S., Sachs G., Rutten B.P.F., van Os J., Alizadeh B.Z., van Amelsvoort T., Bartels-Velthuis A.A., Bruggeman R., van Beveren N.J., Luykx J.J., Cahn W., Simons C.J.P., Kahn R.S., Schirmbeck F., van Winkel R., Calem M., Tognin S., Modinos G., Pisani S., Kraan T.C., van Dam D.S., Burger N., Amminger G.P., Politis A., Goodall J., Borgwardt S., Studerus E., Gadelha A., Brietzke E., Asevedo G., Asevedo E., Zugman A., Dominguez-Martinez T., Monsonet M., Cristobal-Narvaez P., Racioppi A., Kwapil T.R., Kazes M., Daban C., Bourgin J., Gay O., Mam-Lam-Fook C., Nordholm D., Rander L., Krakauer K., Glenthoj L.B., Glenthoj B., Gebhard D., Arnhold J., Klosterkotter J., Lasser I., Winklbaur B., Reichenberg A., RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Clinical Developmental Psychology, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Adult Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, validity, medicine.medical_treatment, CHILDHOOD, Neuropsychological Tests, FAMÍLIA, episode, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, DEFICITS, Settore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat, Medicine, Cognitive impairment, Psychiatry, Symptom severity, Cannabis use, IMPAIRMENT, ABILITY, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, RELIABILITY, Neuropsychological Test, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Clinical psychology, Adult, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, impairment, schizophrenia-patients, ability, GENETIC RISK, Psychotic Disorder, SCHIZOPHRENIA-PATIENTS, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Settore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia Clinica, Humans, In patient, Cognitive skill, VALIDITY, Antipsychotic, Molecular Biology, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studie, DECLINE, Science & Technology, reliability, business.industry, Working memory, Siblings, Neurosciences, Diagnostic markers, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, deficits, Psychotic Disorders, PSYCHOSIS, COGNITION, MULTICENTRIC STUDY, Neurosciences & Neurology, business, EPISODE, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. HEALTH-F2-2010-241909 (EUGEI); The Spanish sample was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SAM16PE07CP1, PI16/02012, PI19/024) (...), Velthorst, E., Mollon, J., Murray, R.M., de Haan, L., Germeys, I.M., Glahn, D.C., Arango, C., van der Ven, E., Di Forti, M., Bernardo, M., Guloksuz, S., Delespaul, P., Mezquida, G., Amoretti, S., Bobes, J., Saiz, P.A., García-Portilla, M.P., Santos, J.L., Jiménez-López, E., Sanjuan, J., Aguilar, E.J., Arrojo, M., Carracedo, A., López, G., González-Peñas, J., Parellada, M., Atbaşoğlu, C., Saka, M.C., Üçok, A., Alptekin, K., Akdede, B., Binbay, T., Altınyazar, V., Ulaş, H., Yalınçetin, B., Gümüş-Akay, G., Beyaz, B.C., Soygür, H., Cankurtaran, E.Ş., Kaymak, S.U., Maric, N.P., Mihaljevic, M.M., Petrovic, S.A., Mirjanic, T., Del-Ben, C.M., Ferraro, L., Gayer-Anderson, C., Jones, P.B., Jongsma, H.E., Kirkbride, J.B., La Cascia, C., Lasalvia, A., Tosato, S., Llorca, P.-M., Menezes, P.R., Morgan, C., Quattrone, D., Menchetti, M., Selten, J.-P., Szöke, A., Tarricone, I., Tortelli, A., McGuire, P., Valmaggia, L., Kempton, M.J., van der Gaag, M., Riecher-Rössler, A., Bressan, R.A., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Nelson, B., McGorry, P., Pantelis, C., Krebs, M.-O., Ruhrmann, S., Sachs, G., Rutten, B.P.F., van Os, J., Alizadeh, B.Z., van Amelsvoort, T., Bartels-Velthuis, A.A., Bruggeman, R., van Beveren, N.J., Luykx, J.J., Cahn, W., Simons, C.J.P., Kahn, R.S., Schirmbeck, F., van Winkel, R., Calem, M., Tognin, S., Modinos, G., Pisani, S., Kraan, T.C., van Dam, D.S., Burger, N., Amminger, G.P., Politis, A., Goodall, J., Borgwardt, S., Studerus, E., Gadelha, A., Brietzke, E., Asevedo, G., Asevedo, E., Zugman, A., Domínguez-Martínez, T., Monsonet, M., Cristóbal-Narváez, P., Racioppi, A., Kwapil, T.R., Kazes, M., Daban, C., Bourgin, J., Gay, O., Mam-Lam-Fook, C., Nordholm, D., Rander, L., Krakauer, K., Glenthøj, L.B., Glenthøj, B., Gebhard, D., Arnhold, J., Klosterkötter, J., Lasser, I., Winklbaur, B., Reichenberg, A., EU-GEI High Risk Study

Published
2021

5. Association between age of cannabis initiation and gray matter covariance networks in recent onset psychosis

Author

Penzel, N., Antonucci, L. A., Betz, L. T., Sanfelici, R., Weiske, J., Pogarell, O., Cumming, P., Quednow, B. B., Howes, O., Falkai, P., Upthegrove, R., Bertolino, A., Borgwardt, S., Brambilla, P., Lencer, R., Meisenzahl, E., Rosen, M., Haidl, T., Kambeitz-Ilankovic, L., Ruhrmann, S., Salokangas, R. R. K., Pantelis, C., Wood, S. J., Koutsouleris, N., Kambeitz, J., Sen Dong, M., Erkens, A., Gussmann, E., Haas, S., Hasan, A., Hoff, C., Khanyaree, I., Melo, A., Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, S., Kohler, J., Ozturk, O. F., Popovic, D., Rangnick, A., von Saldern, S., Spangemacher, M., Tupac, A., Urquijo, M. F., Wosgien, A., Betz, L., Blume, K., Seves, M., Kaiser, N., Pilgram, T., Lichtenstein, T., Wenzel, J., Woopen, C., Andreou, C., Egloff, L., Harrisberger, F., Lenz, C., Leanza, L., Mackintosh, A., Smieskova, R., Studerus, E., Walter, A., Widmayer, S., Chisholm, K., Day, C., Griffiths, S. L., Iqbal, M., Pelton, M., Mallikarjun, P., Stainton, A., Lin, A., Salokangas, R. K. R., Denissoff, A., Ellila, A., From, T., Heinimaa, M., Ilonen, T., Jalo, P., Laurikainen, H., Lehtinen, M., Luutonen, A., Makela, A., Paju, J., Pesonen, H., Armio (Saila), R. -L., Sormunen, E., Toivonen, A., Turtonen, O., Solana, A. B., Abraham, M., Hehn, N., Schirmer, T., Altamura, C., Belleri, M., Bottinelli, F., Ferro, A., Re, M., Monzani, E., Percudani, M., Sberna, M., D'Agostino, A., Del Fabro, L., Perna, G., Nobile, M., Alciati, A., Balestrieri, M., Bonivento, C., Cabras, G., Fabbro, F., Garzitto, M., Piccin, S., Blasi, G., Pergola, G., Caforio, G., Faio, L., Quarto, T., Gelao, B., Romano, R., Andriola, I., Falsetti, A., Barone, M., Passatiore, R., Sangiuliano, M., Surman, M., Bienek, O., Romer, G., Dannlowski, U., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schmidt-Kraepelin, C., Neufang, S., Korda, A., and Rohner, H.

Subjects
Psychosis, Adolescent, Inferior frontal gyrus, 610 Medicine & health, Article, medicine, Humans, Gray Matter, Association (psychology), Cannabis, Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, Confounding, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, Risk factors, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Cohort, business, Insula, Neuroscience, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Cannabis use during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. According to a current hypothesis, this results from detrimental effects of early cannabis use on brain maturation during this vulnerable period. However, studies investigating the interaction between early cannabis use and brain structural alterations hitherto reported inconclusive findings. We investigated effects of age of cannabis initiation on psychosis using data from the multicentric Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) and the Cannabis Induced Psychosis (CIP) studies, yielding a total sample of 102 clinically-relevant cannabis users with recent onset psychosis. GM covariance underlies shared maturational processes. Therefore, we performed source-based morphometry analysis with spatial constraints on structural brain networks showing significant alterations in schizophrenia in a previous multisite study, thus testing associations of these networks with the age of cannabis initiation and with confounding factors. Earlier cannabis initiation was associated with more severe positive symptoms in our cohort. Greater gray matter volume (GMV) in the previously identified cerebellar schizophrenia-related network had a significant association with early cannabis use, independent of several possibly confounding factors. Moreover, GMV in the cerebellar network was associated with lower volume in another network previously associated with schizophrenia, comprising the insula, superior temporal, and inferior frontal gyrus. These findings are in line with previous investigations in healthy cannabis users, and suggest that early initiation of cannabis perturbs the developmental trajectory of certain structural brain networks in a manner imparting risk for psychosis later in life.

Published
2021
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6. Relation between self-perceived stress, psychopathological symptoms and the stress hormone prolactin in emerging psychosis

Author

Studerus E, Ittig S, Beck K, del Cacho N, Vila-Badia R, Butjosa Molines A, Usall J, and Riecher-Rössler A

Subjects
At-risk mental state, Prolactin, Schizophrenia, Clinical High-Risk, Stress, Psychosis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress and the stress hormone prolactin are assumed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related psychoses, and have been frequently observed to be increased in antipsychotic-naïve patients with a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) or first episode of psychosis (FEP). The aim of this study was to further elucidate the relationships between self-perceived stress, psychopathological symptoms and prolactin levels in these patients. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 45 healthy controls, 31 CHR-P patients and 87 FEP patients were recruited from two different study centers. Prolactin was measured under standardized conditions between 8 and 10 am. All patients were antipsychotic-naïve and not taking any prolactin influencing medication. Self-perceived stress during the last month was measured with the perceived stress scale (PSS-10) immediately before blood taking. RESULTS: Both CHR-P and FEP patients showed significantly higher levels of self-perceived stress and prolactin than controls. Hyperprolactinemia (i.e. prolactin levels above the reference range) was observed in 26% of CHR-P and 45% of FEP patients. Self-perceived stress was significantly positively associated with affective symptoms, but not with other symptoms. There was no significant association between self-perceived stress and prolactin levels. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that CHR-P and FEP patients have higher stress levels than healthy controls and frequently have hyperprolactinemia, independent of antipsychotic medication. However, although it is well established that prolactin increases in response to stress, our results do not support the notion that increased prolactin levels in these patients are due to stress.

Published
2021

7. Multimodal prognosis of negative symptom severity in individuals at increased risk of developing psychosis

Author

Hauke, DJ, Schmidt, A, Studerus, E, Andreou, C, Riecher-Roessler, A, Radua, J, Kambeitz, J, Ruef, A, Dwyer, DB, Kambeitz-Ilankovic, L, Lichtenstein, T, Sanfelici, R, Penzel, N, Haas, SS, Antonucci, LA, Lalousis, PA, Chisholm, K, Schultze-Lutter, F, Ruhrmann, S, Hietala, J, Brambilla, P, Koutsouleris, N, Meisenzahl, E, Pantelis, C, Rosen, M, Salokangas, RKR, Upthegrove, R, Wood, SJ, Borgwardt, S, Hauke, DJ, Schmidt, A, Studerus, E, Andreou, C, Riecher-Roessler, A, Radua, J, Kambeitz, J, Ruef, A, Dwyer, DB, Kambeitz-Ilankovic, L, Lichtenstein, T, Sanfelici, R, Penzel, N, Haas, SS, Antonucci, LA, Lalousis, PA, Chisholm, K, Schultze-Lutter, F, Ruhrmann, S, Hietala, J, Brambilla, P, Koutsouleris, N, Meisenzahl, E, Pantelis, C, Rosen, M, Salokangas, RKR, Upthegrove, R, Wood, SJ, and Borgwardt, S

Abstract

Negative symptoms occur frequently in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and contribute to functional impairments. The aim of this study was to predict negative symptom severity in CHR after 9 months. Predictive models either included baseline negative symptoms measured with the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS-N), whole-brain gyrification, or both to forecast negative symptoms of at least moderate severity in 94 CHR. We also conducted sequential risk stratification to stratify CHR into different risk groups based on the SIPS-N and gyrification model. Additionally, we assessed the models' ability to predict functional outcomes in CHR and their transdiagnostic generalizability to predict negative symptoms in 96 patients with recent-onset psychosis (ROP) and 97 patients with recent-onset depression (ROD). Baseline SIPS-N and gyrification predicted moderate/severe negative symptoms with significant balanced accuracies of 68 and 62%, while the combined model achieved 73% accuracy. Sequential risk stratification stratified CHR into a high (83%), medium (40-64%), and low (19%) risk group regarding their risk of having moderate/severe negative symptoms at 9 months follow-up. The baseline SIPS-N model was also able to predict social (61%), but not role functioning (59%) at above-chance accuracies, whereas the gyrification model achieved significant accuracies in predicting both social (76%) and role (74%) functioning in CHR. Finally, only the baseline SIPS-N model showed transdiagnostic generalization to ROP (63%). This study delivers a multimodal prognostic model to identify those CHR with a clinically relevant negative symptom severity and functional impairments, potentially requiring further therapeutic consideration.

Published
2021

8. Cognitive subtypes in recent onset psychosis: distinct neurobiological fingerprints?

Author

Wenzel, J., Haas, S. S., Dwyer, D. B., Ruef, A., Oeztuerk, O. F., Antonucci, L. A., von Saldern, S., Bonivento, C., Garzitto, M., Ferro, A., Paolini, M., Blautzik, J., Borgwardt, S., Brambilla, P., Meisenzahl, E., Salokangas, R. K. R., Upthegrove, R., Wood, S. J., Kambeitz, J., Koutsouleris, N., Kambeitz-Ilankovic, L., Sen Dong, M., Erkens, A., Gussmann, E., Haas, S., Hasan, A., Hoff, C., Khanyaree, I., Melo, A., Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, S., Kohler, J., Popovic, D., Penzel, N., Rangnick, A., Sanfelici, R., Spangemacher, M., Tupac, A., Urquijo, M. F., Weiske, J., Wosgien, A., Ruhrmann, S., Rosen, M., Betz, L., Haidl, T., Blume, K., Seves, M., Kaiser, N., Pilgram, T., Lichtenstein, T., Woopen, C., Andreou, C., Egloff, L., Harrisberger, F., Lenz, C., Leanza, L., Mackintosh, A., Smieskova, R., Studerus, E., Walter, A., Widmayer, S., Chisholm, K., Day, C., Griffiths, S. L., Iqbal, M., Lalousis, P., Pelton, M., Mallikarjun, P., Stainton, A., Lin, A., Denissoff, A., Ellila, A., Tiina From, R. N., Heinimaa, M., Ilonen, T., Jalo, P., Heikki Laurikainen, R. N., Lehtinen, M., Antti Luutonen, R. N., Makela, A., Paju, J., Pesonen, H., Armio (Saila), R. -L., Sormunen, E., Toivonen, A., Turtonen, O., Solana, A. B., Abraham, M., Hehn, N., Schirmer, T., Altamura, C., Belleri, M., Bottinelli, F., Re, M., Monzani, E., Percudani, M., Sberna, M., D'Agostino, A., Del Fabro, L., Menni, V. S. B., Perna, G., Nobile, M., Alciati, A., Balestrieri, M., Cabras, G., Fabbro, F., Piccin, S., Bertolino, A., Blasi, G., Pergola, G., Caforio, G., Faio, L., Quarto, T., Gelao, B., Romano, R., Andriola, I., Falsetti, A., Barone, M., Passatiore, R., Sangiuliano, M., Lencer, R., Surman, M., Bienek, O., Romer, G., Dannlowski, U., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schmidt-Kraepelin, C., Neufang, S., Korda, A., and Rohner, H.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Psychosis, Audiology, Article, Cognition, Social cognition, medicine, Humans, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Gray Matter, Pharmacology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain, Diagnostic markers, Cognitive neuroscience, Neuropsychological test, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Verbal memory, business, Neurocognitive
Abstract

In schizophrenia, neurocognitive subtypes can be distinguished based on cognitive performance and they are associated with neuroanatomical alterations. We investigated the existence of cognitive subtypes in shortly medicated recent onset psychosis patients, their underlying gray matter volume patterns and clinical characteristics. We used a K-means algorithm to cluster 108 psychosis patients from the multi-site EU PRONIA (Prognostic tools for early psychosis management) study based on cognitive performance and validated the solution independently (N = 53). Cognitive subgroups and healthy controls (HC; n = 195) were classified based on gray matter volume (GMV) using Support Vector Machine classification. A cognitively spared (N = 67) and impaired (N = 41) subgroup were revealed and partially independently validated (Nspared = 40, Nimpaired = 13). Impaired patients showed significantly increased negative symptomatology (pfdr = 0.003), reduced cognitive performance (pfdr pfdr p = 0.01) separating impaired patients from HC revealed increases and decreases across several fronto-temporal-parietal brain areas, including basal ganglia and cerebellum. Cognitive and functional disturbances alongside brain morphological changes in the impaired subgroup are consistent with a neurodevelopmental origin of psychosis. Our findings emphasize the relevance of tailored intervention early in the course of psychosis for patients suffering from the likely stronger neurodevelopmental character of the disease.

Published
2020

9. Association of Adverse Outcomes With Emotion Processing and Its Neural Substrate in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

Author

Modinos, G, Kempton, MJ, Tognin, S, Calem, M, Porffy, L, Antoniades, M, Mason, A, Azis, M, Allen, P, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Pantelis, C, Riecher-Rossler, A, Borgwardt, S, Bressan, R, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Krebs, M-O, Nordentoft, M, Glenthoj, B, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Rutten, B, van Os, J, de Haan, L, Velthorst, E, van der Gaag, M, Valmaggia, LR, McGuire, P, Kraan, TC, van Dam, DS, Burger, N, Amminger, GP, Politis, A, Goodall, J, Rapp, C, Ittig, S, Studerus, E, Smieskova, R, Gadelha, A, Brietzke, E, Asevedo, G, Asevedo, E, Zugman, A, Dominguez-Martinez, T, Monsonet, M, Hinojosa, L, Racioppi, A, Kwapil, TR, Kazes, M, Daban, C, Bourgin, J, Gay, O, Mam-Lam-Fook, C, Nordholm, D, Randers, L, Krakauer, K, Glenthoj, LB, Gebhard, D, Arnhold, J, Klosterkotter, J, Lasser, I, Winklbaur, B, Delespaul, PA, Modinos, G, Kempton, MJ, Tognin, S, Calem, M, Porffy, L, Antoniades, M, Mason, A, Azis, M, Allen, P, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Pantelis, C, Riecher-Rossler, A, Borgwardt, S, Bressan, R, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Krebs, M-O, Nordentoft, M, Glenthoj, B, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Rutten, B, van Os, J, de Haan, L, Velthorst, E, van der Gaag, M, Valmaggia, LR, McGuire, P, Kraan, TC, van Dam, DS, Burger, N, Amminger, GP, Politis, A, Goodall, J, Rapp, C, Ittig, S, Studerus, E, Smieskova, R, Gadelha, A, Brietzke, E, Asevedo, G, Asevedo, E, Zugman, A, Dominguez-Martinez, T, Monsonet, M, Hinojosa, L, Racioppi, A, Kwapil, TR, Kazes, M, Daban, C, Bourgin, J, Gay, O, Mam-Lam-Fook, C, Nordholm, D, Randers, L, Krakauer, K, Glenthoj, LB, Gebhard, D, Arnhold, J, Klosterkotter, J, Lasser, I, Winklbaur, B, and Delespaul, PA

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: The development of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with psychosis has been associated with behavioral and neuroanatomical deficits related to emotion processing. However, the association between alterations in brain regions subserving emotion processing and clinical outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between alterations in emotion processing and regional gray matter volumes in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and the association with subsequent clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This naturalistic case-control study with clinical follow-up at 12 months was conducted from July 1, 2010, to August 31, 2016, and collected data from 9 psychosis early detection centers (Amsterdam, Basel, Cologne, Copenhagen, London, Melbourne, Paris, The Hague, and Vienna). Participants (213 individuals at CHR and 52 healthy controls) were enrolled in the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) project. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2018, to April 24, 2019. MAIN MEASURES AND OUTCOMES: Emotion recognition was assessed with the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task. Three-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from all participants, and gray matter volume was measured in regions of interest (medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and insula). Clinical outcomes at 12 months were evaluated for transition to psychosis using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States criteria, and the level of overall functioning was measured through the Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF] scale. RESULTS: A total of 213 individuals at CHR (105 women [49.3%]; mean [SD] age, 22.9 [4.7] years) and 52 healthy controls (25 women [48.1%]; mean [SD] age, 23.3 [4.0] years) were included in the study at baseline. At the follow-up within 2 years of baseline, 44 individuals at CHR (20.7%) had developed psychosis and 169 (79.3%) had n

Published
2020

10. From Speech Illusions to Onset of Psychotic Disorder: Applying Network Analysis to an Experimental Measure of Aberrant Experiences

Author

Boyette, L-L, Isvoranu, A-M, Schirmbeck, F, Velthorst, E, Simons, CJP, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Bressan, R, Kempton, MJ, Krebs, M-O, McGuire, P, Nelson, B, Nordentoft, M, Riecher-Rössler, A, Ruhrmann, S, Rutten, BP, Sachs, G, Valmaggia, LR, van der Gaag, M, Borsboom, D, de Haan, L, van Os, J, Calem, M, Tognin, S, Modinos, G, Kraan, TC, van Dam, DS, Burger, N, McGorry, P, Amminger, GP, Pantelis, C, Politis, A, Goodall, J, Borgwardt, S, Studerus, E, Gadelha, A, Brietzke, E, Asevedo, G, Asevedo, E, Zugman, A, Domínguez-Martínez, T, Cristóbal-Narváez, P, Kwapil, TR, Monsonet, M, Hinojosa, L, Kazes, M, Daban, C, Bourgin, J, Gay, O, Mam-Lam-Fook, C, Nordholm, D, Randers, L, Krakauer, K, Glenthøj, L, Glenthøj, B, Gebhard, D, Arnhold, J, Klosterkötter, J, Lasser, I, Winklbaur, B, Delespaul, PA, Boyette, L-L, Isvoranu, A-M, Schirmbeck, F, Velthorst, E, Simons, CJP, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Bressan, R, Kempton, MJ, Krebs, M-O, McGuire, P, Nelson, B, Nordentoft, M, Riecher-Rössler, A, Ruhrmann, S, Rutten, BP, Sachs, G, Valmaggia, LR, van der Gaag, M, Borsboom, D, de Haan, L, van Os, J, Calem, M, Tognin, S, Modinos, G, Kraan, TC, van Dam, DS, Burger, N, McGorry, P, Amminger, GP, Pantelis, C, Politis, A, Goodall, J, Borgwardt, S, Studerus, E, Gadelha, A, Brietzke, E, Asevedo, G, Asevedo, E, Zugman, A, Domínguez-Martínez, T, Cristóbal-Narváez, P, Kwapil, TR, Monsonet, M, Hinojosa, L, Kazes, M, Daban, C, Bourgin, J, Gay, O, Mam-Lam-Fook, C, Nordholm, D, Randers, L, Krakauer, K, Glenthøj, L, Glenthøj, B, Gebhard, D, Arnhold, J, Klosterkötter, J, Lasser, I, Winklbaur, B, and Delespaul, PA

Abstract

Aberrant perceptional experiences are a potential early marker of psychosis development. Earlier studies have found experimentally assessed speech illusions to be associated with positive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but findings for attenuated symptoms in individuals without psychotic disorders have been inconsistent. Also, the role of affect is unclear. The aim of this study was to use the network approach to investigate how speech illusions relate to individual symptoms and onset of a psychotic disorder. We estimated a network model based on data from 289 Clinical High-Risk (CHR) subjects, participating in the EU-GEI project. The network structure depicts statistical associations between (affective and all) speech illusions, cross-sectional individual attenuated positive and affective symptoms, and transition to psychotic disorder after conditioning on all other variables in the network. Speech illusions were assessed with the White Noise Task, symptoms with the BPRS and transition during 24-month follow-up with the CAARMS. Affective, not all, speech illusions were found to be directly, albeit weakly, associated with hallucinatory experiences. Hallucinatory experiences, in turn, were associated with delusional ideation. Bizarre behavior was the only symptom in the network steadily predictive of transition. Affective symptoms were highly interrelated, with depression showing the highest overall strength of connections to and predictability by other symptoms. Both speech illusions and transition showed low overall predictability by symptoms. Our findings suggest that experimentally assessed speech illusions are not a mere consequence of psychotic symptoms or disorder, but that their single assessment is likely not useful for assessing transition risk.

Published
2020

11. Clinical, cognitive and neuroanatomical associations of serum NMDAR autoantibodies in people at clinical high risk for psychosis

Author

Pollak, TA, Kempton, MJ, Iyegbe, C, Vincent, A, Irani, SR, Coutinho, E, Menassa, DA, Jacobson, L, de Haan, L, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Riecher-Roessler, A, Krebs, M-O, Amminger, P, Glenthoj, B, Barrantes-Vidal, N, van Os, J, Rutten, BPF, Bressan, RA, van der Gaag, M, Yolken, R, Hotopf, M, Valmaggia, L, Stone, J, David, AS, McGuire, P, Calem, M, Tognin, S, Modinos, G, Velthorst, E, Kraan, TC, van Dam, DS, Burger, N, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Pantelis, C, Politis, A, Goodall, J, Borgwardt, S, Ittig, S, Studerus, E, Smieskova, R, Gadelha, A, Brietzke, E, Asevedo, G, Asevedo, E, Zugman, A, Rosa, A, Racioppi, A, Monsonet, M, Hinojosa-Marques, L, Kwapil, TR, Kazes, M, Daban, C, Bourgin, J, Gay, O, Mam-Lam-Fook, C, Nordholm, D, Randers, L, Krakauer, K, Glenthoj, L, Nordentoft, M, Gebhard, D, Arnhold, J, Klosterkoetter, J, Lasser, I, Winklbaur, B, Delespaul, PA, Pollak, TA, Kempton, MJ, Iyegbe, C, Vincent, A, Irani, SR, Coutinho, E, Menassa, DA, Jacobson, L, de Haan, L, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Riecher-Roessler, A, Krebs, M-O, Amminger, P, Glenthoj, B, Barrantes-Vidal, N, van Os, J, Rutten, BPF, Bressan, RA, van der Gaag, M, Yolken, R, Hotopf, M, Valmaggia, L, Stone, J, David, AS, McGuire, P, Calem, M, Tognin, S, Modinos, G, Velthorst, E, Kraan, TC, van Dam, DS, Burger, N, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Pantelis, C, Politis, A, Goodall, J, Borgwardt, S, Ittig, S, Studerus, E, Smieskova, R, Gadelha, A, Brietzke, E, Asevedo, G, Asevedo, E, Zugman, A, Rosa, A, Racioppi, A, Monsonet, M, Hinojosa-Marques, L, Kwapil, TR, Kazes, M, Daban, C, Bourgin, J, Gay, O, Mam-Lam-Fook, C, Nordholm, D, Randers, L, Krakauer, K, Glenthoj, L, Nordentoft, M, Gebhard, D, Arnhold, J, Klosterkoetter, J, Lasser, I, Winklbaur, B, and Delespaul, PA

Abstract

Serum neuronal autoantibodies, such as those to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), are detectable in a subgroup of patients with psychotic disorders. It is not known if they are present before the onset of psychosis or whether they are associated with particular clinical features or outcomes. In a case-control study, sera from 254 subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and 116 healthy volunteers were tested for antibodies against multiple neuronal antigens implicated in CNS autoimmune disorders, using fixed and live cell-based assays (CBAs). Within the CHR group, the relationship between NMDAR antibodies and symptoms, cognitive function and clinical outcomes over 24 month follow-up was examined. CHR subjects were not more frequently seropositive for neuronal autoantibodies than controls (8.3% vs. 5.2%; OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.58-3.90). The NMDAR was the most common target antigen and NMDAR IgGs were more sensitively detected with live versus fixed CBAs (p < 0.001). Preliminary phenotypic analyses revealed that within the CHR sample, the NMDAR antibody seropositive subjects had higher levels of current depression, performed worse on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (p < 0.05), and had a markedly lower IQ (p < 0.01). NMDAR IgGs were not more frequent in subjects who later became psychotic than those who did not. NMDAR antibody serostatus and titre was associated with poorer levels of functioning at follow-up (p < 0.05) and the presence of a neuronal autoantibody was associated with larger amygdala volumes (p < 0.05). Altogether, these findings demonstrate that NMDAR autoantibodies are detectable in a subgroup of CHR subjects at equal rates to controls. In the CHR group, they are associated with affective psychopathology, impairments in verbal memory, and overall cognitive function: these findings are qualitatively and individually similar to core features of autoimmune encephalitis and/or animal models of NMDAR antibody-mediated CNS disease. Overall the current

Published
2020

12. O6.6. MULTIMODAL PROGNOSIS OF NEGATIVE SYMPTOM SEVERITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING PSYCHOSIS

Author

Hauke, D, Schmidt, A, Studerus, E, Andreou, C, Riecher-Rössler, A, Radua, J, Kambeitz, J, Ruef, A, Dwyer, D, Sanfelici, R, Penzel, N, Haas, S, Antonucci, L, Schultze-Lutter, F, Ruhrmann, S, Hietala, J, Brambilla, P, Koutsouleris, N, Meisenzahl, E, Pantelis, C, Rosen, M, Salokangas, RKR, Upthegrove, R, Wood, S, Borgwardt, S, Hauke, D, Schmidt, A, Studerus, E, Andreou, C, Riecher-Rössler, A, Radua, J, Kambeitz, J, Ruef, A, Dwyer, D, Sanfelici, R, Penzel, N, Haas, S, Antonucci, L, Schultze-Lutter, F, Ruhrmann, S, Hietala, J, Brambilla, P, Koutsouleris, N, Meisenzahl, E, Pantelis, C, Rosen, M, Salokangas, RKR, Upthegrove, R, Wood, S, and Borgwardt, S

Published
2020

13. Sex differences in cognitive functioning of patients at-risk for psychosis and healthy controls: Results from the European Gene-Environment Interactions study

Author

Menghini-Mueller, S, Studerus, E, Ittig, S, Valmaggia, LR, Kempton, MJ, van der Gaag, M, de Haan, L, Nelson, B, Bressan, RA, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Jantac, C, Nordentoft, M, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Rutten, BP, van Os, J, Riecher-Roessler, A, Menghini-Mueller, S, Studerus, E, Ittig, S, Valmaggia, LR, Kempton, MJ, van der Gaag, M, de Haan, L, Nelson, B, Bressan, RA, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Jantac, C, Nordentoft, M, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Rutten, BP, van Os, J, and Riecher-Roessler, A

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sex differences in cognitive functioning have long been recognized in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (HC). However, few studies have focused on patients with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in neurocognitive performance in ARMS patients compared with HC. METHODS: The data analyzed in this study were collected within the multicenter European Gene-Environment Interactions study (11 centers). A total of 343 ARMS patients (158 women) and 67 HC subjects (33 women) were included. All participants completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Linear mixed effects models were used to explore whether sex differences in cognitive functioning were present in the total group (main effect of sex) and whether sex differences were different for HC and ARMS (interaction between sex and group). RESULTS: Women performed better in social cognition, speed of processing, and verbal learning than men regardless of whether they were ARMS or HC. However, only differences in speed of processing and verbal learning remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Additionally, ARMS patients displayed alterations in attention, current IQ, speed of processing, verbal learning, and working memory compared with HC. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that sex differences in cognitive functioning in ARMS are similar to those seen between healthy men and women. Thus, it appears that sex differences in cognitive performance may not be specific for ARMS, a finding resembling that in patients with schizophrenic psychoses.

Published
2020

14. Individualized prediction of transition to psychosis in 1,676 individuals at clinical high risk: development and validation of a multivariable prediction model based on individual patient data meta-analysis

Author

Malda, A, Boonstra, N, Barf, H, De Jong, S, Aleman, A, Addington, J, Pruessner, M, Nieman, D, De Haan, L, Morrison, A, Riecher-Rössler, A, Studerus, E, Ruhrmann, S, Schultze-Lutter, F, An, SK, Koike, S, Kasai, K, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Wood, S, Yung, Alison, Malda, A, Boonstra, N, Barf, H, De Jong, S, Aleman, A, Addington, J, Pruessner, M, Nieman, D, De Haan, L, Morrison, A, Riecher-Rössler, A, Studerus, E, Ruhrmann, S, Schultze-Lutter, F, An, SK, Koike, S, Kasai, K, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Wood, S, and Yung, Alison

Published
2019

15. Cannabis use and cognitive functions in at-risk mental state and first episode psychosis

Author

Bugra, H., Studerus, E., Rapp, C., Tamagni, C., Aston, J., Borgwardt, S., Riecher-Rössler, A., Bugra, H., Studerus, E., Rapp, C., Tamagni, C., Aston, J., Borgwardt, S., and Riecher-Rössler, A.

Abstract

Background: Meta-analyses suggest that schizophrenia patients with a history of cannabis use have less impaired cognitive functioning compared to patients without cannabis use. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the association between recency and frequency of cannabis use and cognitive functioning in at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) and first episode psychosis (FEP) individuals. Methods: One hundred thirty-six participants completed a cognitive test battery and were assessed for current and past cannabis use. Analyses of covariance models were applied to evaluate the main effects of cannabis use and patient group (ARMS vs. FEP) as well as their interactions on cognitive functioning. Results: No differences were observed in cognitive performance between current, former, and never users, and there were no significant interactions between cannabis use and patient group. Furthermore, within the group of current cannabis users, the frequency of cannabis use was not significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Conclusion: The results of the present study do not support the notion that FEP patients and ARMS individuals with a history of cannabis use have less impaired cognitive functioning compared to those without cannabis use

Published
2018

23. Verbal Learning and Memory in At-risk Mental State and First Episode Psychosis Patients and Their Correlates to Brain Structural Alterations

Author

Egloff, L., primary, Lenz, C., additional, Studerus, E., additional, Heitz, U., additional, Menghini-Müller, S., additional, Harrisberger, F., additional, Ittig, S., additional, Beck, K., additional, Leanza, L., additional, Andreou, C., additional, Riecher-Rössler, A., additional, and Borgwardt, S., additional

Published
2017
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25. [The Basel Interview for Psychosis (BIP): structure, reliability and validity]

Author

Anita Riecher-Rössler, Ackermann T, Uttinger M, Ittig S, Koranyi S, Rapp C, Bugra H, and Studerus E

Subjects
Adult, Male, Observer Variation, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Interview, Psychological, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Family, Female, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Self Concept
Abstract

Although several instruments have been developed to identify patients with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis and first episode of psychosis (FEP), up to now there were no instruments for a detailed assessment of risk factors and indicators of emerging psychosis and the temporal development of psychiatric symptoms over the whole life span in these patients. We therefore developed the Basle Interview for Psychosis (BIP). The aim of this study is to describe the development of the BIP and to report about its psychometric properties.The BIP is a comprehensive semi-structured interview that was developed for the Basel early detection of psychoses (FePsy) study. Its items were derived from the most important risk factors and indicators of psychosis described in the literature and from several existing instruments. It contains the following six sections: 1) social and physical development and family, 2) signs and symptoms, 3) vulnerability, 4) help-seeking behavior, 5) illness insight, 6) evaluation of the interview. To estimate the inter-rater reliabilities of the items of sections 2 and 3, 20 interviews were conducted and rated by 8 well-trained raters. The factorial structure of the BIP section "signs and symptoms" was explored in a sample of 120 ARMS and 77 FEP patients. On the basis of the discovered factorial structure, we created new subscales and assessed their reliabilities and validities.Of the 153 studied items of sections 2 and 3, 150 (98 %) were rated with sufficiently high agreement (inter-rater reliability 0.4). The items of section "signs and symptoms" could be grouped into 5 subscales with predominantly good to very good internal consistencies, homogeneities, and discriminant and convergent validities. Predictive validities could be demonstrated for the subscales "Positive Psychotic Symptoms", "Disturbance of Thinking" and the total score.The BIP is the first interview for comprehensively assessing risk factors and indicators of emerging psychosis and the temporal development of psychiatric symptoms over the whole life span, which has been validated in ARMS and FEP patients. We could show that the BIP has excellent psychometric properties.

Published
2015

26. Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: Contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations

Author

Van Os, J. Rutten, B.P. Myin-Germeys, I. Delespaul, P. Viechtbauer, W. Van Zelst, C. Bruggeman, R. Reininghaus, U. Morgan, C. Murray, R.M. Di Forti, M. McGuire, P. Valmaggia, L.R. Kempton, M.J. Gayer-Anderson, C. Hubbard, K. Beards, S. Stilo, S.A. Onyejiaka, A. Bourque, F. Modinos, G. Tognin, S. Calem, M. O'Donovan, M.C. Owen, M.J. Holmans, P. Williams, N. Craddock, N. Richards, A. Humphreys, I. Meyer-Lindenberg, A. Leweke, F.M. Tost, H. Akdeniz, C. Rohleder, C. Bumb, J.M. Schwarz, E. Alptekin, K. Üçok, A. Saka, M.C. Atbagoǧlu, E.C. Gülöksüz, S. Gumus-Akay, G. Cihan, B. Karadaǧ, H. Soygür, H. Cankurtaran, E.S. Ulusoy, S. Akdede, B. Binbay, T. Ayer, A. Noyan, H. Karadayi, G. Akturan, E. Ulaş, H. Arango, C. Parellada, M. Bernardo, M. Sanjuán, J. Bobes, J. Arrojo, M. Santos, J.L. Cuadrado, P. Solano, J.J.R. Carracedo, A. Bernardo, E.G. Roldán, L. López, G. Cabrera, B. Cruz, S. Mesa, E.M.D. Pouso, M. Jiménez, E. Sánchez, T. Rapado, M. González, E. Martínez, C. Sánchez, E. Olmeda, M.S. De Haan, L. Velthorst, E. Van Der Gaag, M. Selten, J.-P. Van Dam, D. Van Der Ven, E. Van Der Meer, F. Messchaert, E. Kraan, T. Burger, N. Leboyer, M. Szoke, A. Schürhoff, F. Llorca, P.-M. Jamain, S. Tortelli, A. Frijda, F. Vilain, J. Galliot, A.-M. Baudin, G. Ferchiou, A. Richard, J.-R. Bulzacka, E. Charpeaud, T. Tronche, A.-M. De Hert, M. Van Winkel, R. Decoster, J. Derom, C. Thiery, E. Stefanis, N.C. Sachs, G. Aschauer, H. Lasser, I. Winklbaur, B. Schlögelhofer, M. Riecher-Rössler, A. Borgwardt, S. Walter, A. Harrisberger, F. Smieskova, R. Rapp, C. Ittig, S. Soguel-Dit-Piquard, F. Studerus, E. Klosterkötter, J. Ruhrmann, S. Paruch, J. Julkowski, D. Hilboll, D. Sham, P.C. Cherny, S.S. Chen, E.Y.H. Campbell, D.D. Li, M. Romeo-Casabona, C.M. Cirión, A.E. Mora, A.U. Jones, P. Kirkbride, J. Cannon, M. Rujescu, D. Tarricone, I. Berardi, D. Bonora, E. Seri, M. Marcacci, T. Chiri, L. Chierzi, F. Storbini, V. Braca, M. Minenna, M.G. Donegani, I. Fioritti, A. La Barbera, D. La Cascia, C.E. Mulè, A. Sideli, L. Sartorio, R. Ferraro, L. Tripoli, G. Seminerio, F. Marinaro, A.M. McGorry, P. Nelson, B. Amminger, G.P. Pantelis, C. Menezes, P.R. Del-Ben, C.M. Tenan, S.H.G. Shuhama, R. Ruggeri, M. Tosato, S. Lasalvia, A. Bonetto, C. Ira, E. Nordentoft, M. Krebs, M.-O. Barrantes-Vidal, N. Cristóbal, P. Kwapil, T.R. Brietzke, E. Bressan, R.A. Gadelha, A. Maric, N.P. Andric, S. Mihaljevic, M. Mirjanic, T.

Abstract

Recent years have seen considerable progress in epidemiological and molecular genetic research into environmental and genetic factors in schizophrenia, but methodological uncertainties remain with regard to validating environmental exposures, and the population risk conferred by individual molecular genetic variants is small. There are now also a limited number of studies that have investigated molecular genetic candidate gene-environment interactions (G × E), however, so far, thorough replication of findings is rare and G × E research still faces several conceptual and methodological challenges. In this article, we aim to review these recent developments and illustrate how integrated, large-scale investigations may overcome contemporary challenges in G × E research, drawing on the example of a large, international, multi-center study into the identification and translational application of G × E in schizophrenia. While such investigations are now well underway, new challenges emerge for G × E research from late-breaking evidence that genetic variation and environmental exposures are, to a significant degree, shared across a range of psychiatric disorders, with potential overlap in phenotype. © 2014 The Author.

Published
2014

28. Basel Interview for Psychosis

Author

Riecher-Rössler, Anita, primary, Ackermann, T., additional, Uttinger, M., additional, Ittig, S., additional, Koranyi, S., additional, Rapp, C., additional, Bugra, H., additional, and Studerus, E., additional

Published
2015
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29. Prediction of psilocybin response in healthy volunteers

Author

Studerus, E, Gamma, A, Kometer, M, Vollenweider, F X, Studerus, E, Gamma, A, Kometer, M, and Vollenweider, F X

Abstract

Responses to hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin, are believed to be critically dependent on the user's personality, current mood state, drug pre-experiences, expectancies, and social and environmental variables. However, little is known about the order of importance of these variables and their effect sizes in comparison to drug dose. Hence, this study investigated the effects of 24 predictor variables, including age, sex, education, personality traits, drug pre-experience, mental state before drug intake, experimental setting, and drug dose on the acute response to psilocybin. The analysis was based on the pooled data of 23 controlled experimental studies involving 409 psilocybin administrations to 261 healthy volunteers. Multiple linear mixed effects models were fitted for each of 15 response variables. Although drug dose was clearly the most important predictor for all measured response variables, several non-pharmacological variables significantly contributed to the effects of psilocybin. Specifically, having a high score in the personality trait of Absorption, being in an emotionally excitable and active state immediately before drug intake, and having experienced few psychological problems in past weeks were most strongly associated with pleasant and mystical-type experiences, whereas high Emotional Excitability, low age, and an experimental setting involving positron emission tomography most strongly predicted unpleasant and/or anxious reactions to psilocybin. The results confirm that non-pharmacological variables play an important role in the effects of psilocybin.

Published
2012

30. Psychometric evaluation of the altered states of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

Author

Studerus, E, Gamma, A, Vollenweider, F X, Studerus, E, Gamma, A, and Vollenweider, F X

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The OAV questionnaire has been developed to integrate research on altered states of consciousness (ASC). It measures three primary and one secondary dimensions of ASC that are hypothesized to be invariant across ASC induction methods. The OAV rating scale has been in use for more than 20 years and applied internationally in a broad range of research fields, yet its factorial structure has never been tested by structural equation modeling techniques and its psychometric properties have never been examined in large samples of experimentally induced ASC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The present study conducted a psychometric evaluation of the OAV in a sample of psilocybin (n = 327), ketamine (n = 162), and MDMA (n = 102) induced ASC that was obtained by pooling data from 43 experimental studies. The factorial structure was examined by confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, hierarchical item clustering (ICLUST), and multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling. The originally proposed model did not fit the data well even if zero-constraints on non-target factor loadings and residual correlations were relaxed. Furthermore, ICLUST suggested that the "oceanic boundlessness" and "visionary restructuralization" factors could be combined on a high level of the construct hierarchy. However, because these factors were multidimensional, we extracted and examined 11 new lower order factors. MIMIC modeling indicated that these factors were highly measurement invariant across drugs, settings, questionnaire versions, and sexes. The new factors were also demonstrated to have improved homogeneities, satisfactory reliabilities, discriminant and convergent validities, and to differentiate well among the three drug groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The original scales of the OAV were shown to be multidimensional constructs. Eleven new lower order scales were constructed and demonstrated to have desirable psychometric properties. The

Published
2010

31. Vorhersage von Psychosen durch stufenweise Mehrebenenabklärung - Das Basler FePsy(Früherkennung von Psychosen)-Projekt

Author

Riecher-Rössler, A., additional, Aston, J., additional, Borgwardt, S., additional, Bugra, H., additional, Fuhr, P., additional, Gschwandtner, U., additional, Koutsouleris, N., additional, Pflueger, M., additional, Tamagni, C., additional, Radü, E.-W., additional, Rapp, C., additional, Smieskova, R., additional, Studerus, E., additional, Walter, A., additional, and Zimmermann, R., additional

Published
2013
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39. Investigation of serotonin-1A receptor function in the human psychopharmacology of MDMA.

Author

Heffter, F. Hasler, Studerus, E., Lindner, K., Ludewig, S., and Vollenweider, F. X.

Subjects
*ECSTASY (Drug), *DOPAMINE, *SEROTONIN, *NEUROTRANSMITTERS, *PINDOLOL, *PSYCHOMETRICS
Abstract

Serotonin (5-HT) release is the primary pharmacological mechanism of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') action in the primate brain. Dopamine release and direct stimulation of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors also contributes to the overall action of MDMA. The role of 5-HT1A receptors in the human psychopharmacology of MDMA, however, has not yet been elucidated. In order to reveal the consequences of manipulation at the 5-HT1A receptor system on cognitive and subjective effects of MDMA, a receptor blocking study using the mixed beta-adrenoreceptor blocker/5-HT1A antagonist pindolol was performed. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled within-subject design, 15 healthy male subjects were examined under placebo (PL), 20 mg pindolol (PIN), MDMA (1.6 mg/kg b.wt.), MDMA following pre-treatment with pindolol (PIN-MDMA). Tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery were used for the assessment of cognitive performance. Psychometric questionnaires were applied to measure effects of treatment on core dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness, mood and state anxiety. Compared with PL, MDMA significantly impaired sustained attention and visual-spatial memory, but did not affect executive functions. Pre-treatment with PIN did not significantly alter MDMA-induced impairment of cognitive performance and only exerted a minor modulating effect on two psychometric scales affected by MDMA treatment ('positive derealization' and 'dreaminess'). Our findings suggest that MDMA differentially affects higher cognitive functions, but does not support the hypothesis from animal studies, that some of the MDMA effects are causally mediated through action at the 5-HT1A receptor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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40. Cannabis use and cognitive functions in at-risk mental state and first episode psychosis

Author

Bugra, H., Studerus, E., Rapp, C., Tamagni, C., Aston, J., Borgwardt, S., Riecher-Rössler, A., Bugra, H., Studerus, E., Rapp, C., Tamagni, C., Aston, J., Borgwardt, S., and Riecher-Rössler, A.

Abstract

Background: Meta-analyses suggest that schizophrenia patients with a history of cannabis use have less impaired cognitive functioning compared to patients without cannabis use. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the association between recency and frequency of cannabis use and cognitive functioning in at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) and first episode psychosis (FEP) individuals. Methods: One hundred thirty-six participants completed a cognitive test battery and were assessed for current and past cannabis use. Analyses of covariance models were applied to evaluate the main effects of cannabis use and patient group (ARMS vs. FEP) as well as their interactions on cognitive functioning. Results: No differences were observed in cognitive performance between current, former, and never users, and there were no significant interactions between cannabis use and patient group. Furthermore, within the group of current cannabis users, the frequency of cannabis use was not significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Conclusion: The results of the present study do not support the notion that FEP patients and ARMS individuals with a history of cannabis use have less impaired cognitive functioning compared to those without cannabis use

41. Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations

Author

Rosana Shuhama, Gonzalo López, Viviana Storbini, Tolga Binbay, Ma Soledad Olmeda, Maria Calem, Marina Mihaljevic, Christos Pantelis, Halis Ulaş, Eva Velthorst, Jeroen Decoster, J. Malte Bumb, Ruud van Winkel, E. Cem Atbasoglu, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Mirella Ruggeri, Erich Studerus, Daniele La Barbera, Domenico Berardi, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Stefan Borgwardt, Elsje van der Ven, Charlotte Rapp, Desiree Hilboll, Mark van der Gaag, Chiara Bonetto, Marie-Odile Krebs, Silvia Tenan, Monika Schlögelhofer, Robin M. Murray, Caterina La Cascia, Philip McGuire, Simona A. Stilo, Desmond Campbell, Fabienne Harrisberger, Teresa Sánchez, Catherine Derom, Franck Schürhoff, Philippe Delespaul, Jose Luis Santos, Emilio Sánchez, Stephan Ruhrmann, Luigi Rocco Chiri, Sabrina Cruz, Handan Noyan, Dominika Julkowski, Celso Arango, Merete Nordentoft, Stacey S. Cherny, Anne-Marie Galliot, Daniella van Dam, María Pouso, Asier Urruela Mora, G. Paul Amminger, Enrique García Bernardo, Ahmet Ayer, Tijana Mirjanic, Andrei Szöke, Anna Walter, Antonio Lasalvia, Isla Humphreys, Flora Frijda, Lieuwe de Haan, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Nigel Williams, Burçin Cihan, Matthew J. Kempton, Ceren Akdeniz, Tamar Kraan, Andrea Tortelli, Barnaby Nelson, Marta Di Forti, Angelo Fioritti, Pedro Cuadrado, Eylem Sahin Cankurtaran, Emanuel Schwarz, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Ilaria Tarricone, Laura Ferraro, Dan Rujescu, Anne-Marie Tronche, Laura Roldan, Bibiana Cabrera, Alp Üçok, Craig Morgan, Julio Sanjuán, Mauro Braca, Julio Bobes, Eric Y.H. Chen, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Peter Holmans, Harald N. Aschauer, Sarah Ittig, Covadonga Martínez, Iris Lasser, Emiliano González, Aitziber Emaldi Cirión, Rachele Sartorio, F. Seminerio, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Ulrich Reininghaus, Elisa Brietzke, François Bourque, G Tripoli, Inez Myin-Germeys, Aziz Ferchiou, Gemma Modinos, Grégoire Baudin, Fabienne Soguel-Dit-Piquard, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Gabriele Sachs, Elçin Akturan, Manuel Arrojo, Thomas R. Kwapil, Alice Mulè, Eva Mª Díaz Mesa, Federico Chierzi, Köksal Alptekin, Floor J. van der Meer, Pak C. Sham, Jim van Os, Adanna Onyejiaka, Mara Parellada, Bart P. F. Rutten, Jeanne Vilain, Michael John Owen, Sarah Tosato, Haldan Soygür, A.M. Marinaro, Stefania Tognin, Evert Thiery, Cathrin Rohleder, Mary Cannon, Miaoxin Li, F. Markus Leweke, Marc De Hert, Marta Rapado, Maria Gabriella Minenna, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Alexander Richards, Stéphane Jamain, Elles Messchaert, Nadja P. Maric, Semra Ulusoy, Elisa Ira, Peter G. Jones, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Patrick D. McGorry, Bernadette Winklbaur, Stephanie Beards, Nadine Burger, Güvem Gümüş-Akay, Marion Leboyer, James B. Kirkbride, Sinan Guloksuz, Ary Gadelha, E. Bulzacka, Carlos M. Romeo-Casabona, Gülşah Karadayı, Jean-Paul Selten, José Juan Rodríguez Solano, Kathryn Hubbard, Estela Jiménez, Thomas Charpeaud, Nikos C. Stefanis, Lucia Sideli, Miguel Bernardo, Jean-Romain Richard, Ivonne Donegani, Marco Seri, Lucia Valmaggia, Julia Paruch, Catherine van Zelst, Meram Can Saka, Heike Tost, Renata Smieskova, Thomas Marcacci, Nicholas John Craddock, Berna Binnur Akdede, Joachim Klosterkötter, Richard Bruggeman, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Sanja Andric, Elena Bonora, Angel Carracedo, Hasan Karadağ, Paula Cristobal, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Adult Psychiatry, Graduate School, Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Maastricht Univ, Kings Coll London, Mondriaan Mental Hlth Trust, Univ Groningen, Cardiff Univ, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Istanbul Univ, Ankara Univ, Yale Univ, Middle E Tech Univ, Diskapi YB Res & Training Hosp, Turkish Federat Schizophrenia Assoc, Ataturk Training & Res Hosp, Manisa Mental Hlth Hosp, Univ Complutense, Univ Barcelona, Univ Valencia, Univ Oviedo, Univ Santiago de Compostela, Hosp Virgen de la Luz, Hosp Univ Infanta Leonor Hosp Virgen Torre, Hosp Clin Univ, Hosp Psiquiatr Conxo, Univ Amsterdam, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res, Parnassia Psychiat Inst, Rivierduinen Psychiat Inst, Grp Hosp Mondor, Hop Henri Mondor, Univ Paris Est, Fdn Fondamental, CMP B CHU, Univ Auvergne, EPS Maison Blanche, UPC KU Leuven, UPC, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Assoc Sci Res Multiple Births, Univ Ghent, Univ Athens, Med Univ Vienna, Psychiat Univ Clin Basel, Univ Cologne, Univ Hong Kong, Univ Basque Country, Univ Zaragoza, Univ Cambridge, UCL, Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Univ Munich, Univ Bologna, Local Hlth Trust, Univ Palermo, P Giaccone Gen Hosp, Univ Melbourne, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Univ Verona, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Univ Paris 05, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, St Pere Claver Fundacio Sanitaria, Univ N Carolina, CIBERSAM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Univ Belgrade, van Os J, Rutten BP, Myin-Germeys I, Delespaul P, Viechtbauer W, van Zelst C, Bruggeman R, Reininghaus U, Morgan C, Murray RM, Di Forti M, McGuire P, Valmaggia LR, Kempton MJ, Gayer-Anderson C, Hubbard K, Beards S, Stilo SA, Onyejiaka A, Bourque F, Modinos G, Tognin S, Calem M, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Holmans P, Williams N, Craddock N, Richards A, Humphreys I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Leweke FM, Tost H, Akdeniz C, Rohleder C, Bumb JM, Schwarz E, Alptekin K, Üçok A, Saka MC, Atbaşoğlu EC, Gülöksüz S, Gumus-Akay G, Cihan B, Karadağ H, Soygür H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Ulusoy S, Akdede B, Binbay T, Ayer A, Noyan H, Karadayı G, Akturan E, Ulaş H, Arango C, Parellada M, Bernardo M, Sanjuán J, Bobes J, Arrojo M, Santos JL, Cuadrado P, Rodríguez Solano JJ, Carracedo A, García Bernardo E, Roldán L, López G, Cabrera B, Cruz S, Díaz Mesa EM, Pouso M, Jiménez E, Sánchez T, Rapado M, González E, Martínez C, Sánchez E, Olmeda MS, de Haan L, Velthorst E, van der Gaag M, Selten JP, van Dam D, van der Ven E, van der Meer F, Messchaert E, Kraan T, Burger N, Leboyer M, Szoke A, Schürhoff F, Llorca PM, Jamain S, Tortelli A, Frijda F, Vilain J, Galliot AM, Baudin G, Ferchiou A, Richard JR, Bulzacka E, Charpeaud T, Tronche AM, De Hert M, van Winkel R, Decoster J, Derom C, Thiery E, Stefanis NC, Sachs G, Aschauer H, Lasser I, Winklbaur B, Schlögelhofer M, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S, Walter A, Harrisberger F, Smieskova R, Rapp C, Ittig S, Soguel-dit-Piquard F, Studerus E, Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S, Paruch J, Julkowski D, Hilboll D, Sham PC, Cherny SS, Chen EY, Campbell DD, Li M, Romeo-Casabona CM, Emaldi Cirión A, Urruela Mora A, Jones P, Kirkbride J, Cannon M, Rujescu D, Tarricone I, Berardi D, Bonora E, Seri M, Marcacci T, Chiri L, Chierzi F, Storbini V, Braca M, Minenna MG, Donegani I, Fioritti A, La Barbera D, La Cascia CE, Mulè A, Sideli L, Sartorio R, Ferraro L, Tripoli G, Seminerio F, Marinaro AM, McGorry P, Nelson B, Amminger GP, Pantelis C, Menezes PR, Del-Ben CM, Gallo Tenan SH, Shuhama R, Ruggeri M, Tosato S, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Ira E, Nordentoft M, Krebs MO, Barrantes-Vidal N, Cristóbal P, Kwapil TR, Brietzke E, Bressan RA, Gadelha A, Maric NP, Andric S, Mihaljevic M, Mirjanic T, Clinical Psychology, EMGO+ - Mental Health, Van Os, J., Rutten, B., Myin Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., Viechtbauer, W., Van Zelst, C., Bruggeman, R., Reininghaus, U., Morgan, C., Murray, R., Di Forti, M., Mcguire, P., Valmaggia, L., Kempton, M., Gayer Anderson, C., Hubbard, K., Beards, S., Stilo, S., Onyejiaka, A., Bourque, F., Modinos, G., Tognin, S., Calem, M., O'Donovan, M., Owen, M., Holmans, P., Williams, N., Craddock, N., Richards, A., Humphreys, I., Meyer Lindenberg, A., Leweke, F., Tost, H., Akdeniz, C., Rohleder, C., Bumb, J., Schwarz, E., Alptekin, K., Üçok, A., Saka, M., Atbagoǧlu, E., Gülöksüz, S., Gumus Akay, G., Cihan, B., Karadaǧ, H., Soygür, H., Cankurtaran, E., Ulusoy, S., Akdede, B., Binbay, T., Ayer, A., Noyan, H., Karadayi, G., Akturan, E., Ulaş, H., Arango, C., Parellada, M., Bernardo, M., Sanjuán, J., Bobes, J., Arrojo, M., Santos, J., Cuadrado, P., Solano, J., Carracedo, A., Bernardo, E., Roldán, L., López, G., Cabrera, B., Cruz, S., Mesa, E., Pouso, M., Jiménez, E., Sánchez, T., Rapado, M., González, E., Martínez, C., Sánchez, E., Olmeda, M., De Haan, L., Velthorst, E., Van Der Gaag, M., Selten, J., Van Dam, D., Van Der Ven, E., Van Der Meer, F., Messchaert, E., Kraan, T., Burger, N., Leboyer, M., Szoke, A., Schürhoff, F., Llorca, P., Jamain, S., Tortelli, A., Frijda, F., Vilain, J., Galliot, A., Baudin, G., Ferchiou, A., Richard, J., Bulzacka, E., Charpeaud, T., Tronche, A., De Hert, M., Van Winkel, R., Decoster, J., Derom, C., Thiery, E., Stefanis, N., Sachs, G., Aschauer, H., Lasser, I., Winklbaur, B., Schlögelhofer, M., Riecher Rössler, A., Borgwardt, S., Walter, A., Harrisberger, F., Smieskova, R., Rapp, C., Ittig, S., Soguel Dit Piquard, F., Studerus, E., Klosterkötter, J., Ruhrmann, S., Paruch, J., Julkowski, D., Hilboll, D., Sham, P., Cherny, S., Chen, E., Campbell, D., Li, M., Romeo Casabona, C., Cirión, A., Mora, A., Jones, P., Kirkbride, J., Cannon, M., Rujescu, D., Tarricone, I., Berardi, D., Bonora, E., Seri, M., Marcacci, T., Chiri, L., Chierzi, F., Storbini, V., Braca, M., Minenna, M., Donegani, I., Fioritti, A., LA BARBERA, D., LA CASCIA, C., Mulè, A., Sideli, L., Sartorio, C., Ferraro, L., Tripoli, G., Seminerio, F., Marinaro, A., Mcgorry, P., Nelson, B., Amminger, G., Pantelis, C., Menezes, P., Del Ben, C., Tenan, S., Shuhama, R., Ruggeri, M., Tosato, S., Lasalvia, A., Bonetto, C., Ira, E., Nordentoft, M., Krebs, M., Barrantes Vidal, N., Cristóbal, P., Kwapil, T., Brietzke, E., Bressan, R., Gadelha, A., Maric, N., Andric, S., Mihaljevic, M., Mirjanic, T., Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Promovendi MHN, and RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health

Subjects
URBANICITY, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), CHILDHOOD, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, Social Environment, psychosi, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, PSYCHOSIS, epidemiology, gene-environment interaction, genetics, psychosis, schizophrenia, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RISK-FACTOR, Settore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia Clinica, Genetic variation, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Gene, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, METAANALYSIS, Scale (chemistry), Psychosis, Genetic variants, Environment and Schizophrenia Invited, CANNABIS USE, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Evolutionary biology, Identification (biology), Schizophrenic Psychology, Population Risk, genetic, Psychology, FOLLOW-UP, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, FUTURE-DIRECTIONS, Clinical psychology
Abstract

European Community Recent years have seen considerable progress in epidemiological and molecular genetic research into environmental and genetic factors in schizophrenia, but methodological uncertainties remain with regard to validating environmental exposures, and the population risk conferred by individual molecular genetic variants is small. There are now also a limited number of studies that have investigated molecular genetic candidate gene-environment interactions (G x E), however, so far, thorough replication of findings is rare and G x E research still faces several conceptual and methodological challenges. in this article, we aim to review these recent developments and illustrate how integrated, large-scale investigations may overcome contemporary challenges in G x E research, drawing on the example of a large, international, multi-center study into the identification and translational application of G x E in schizophrenia. While such investigations are now well underway, new challenges emerge for G x E research from late-breaking evidence that genetic variation and environmental exposures are, to a significant degree, shared across a range of psychiatric disorders, with potential overlap in phenotype. Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol, Sch Mental Hlth & Neurosci,South Limburg Mental H, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychosis Studies, London WC2R 2LS, England Mondriaan Mental Hlth Trust, Maastricht, Heerlen, Netherlands Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Rob Giel Clin Res, Univ Ctr Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Hlth Serv & Populat Res, London WC2R 2LS, England Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London WC2R 2LS, England Cardiff Univ, MRC, Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Mannheim, Germany Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Konak, Turkey Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Psychot Disorders Res Unit, Istanbul, Turkey Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Cebeci Hosp, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Ankara Univ, Brain Res Ctr, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey Diskapi YB Res & Training Hosp, Ankara, Turkey Turkish Federat Schizophrenia Assoc, Ankara, Turkey Ataturk Training & Res Hosp, Psychiat Clin, Ankara, Turkey Manisa Mental Hlth Hosp, Manisa, Turkey Istanbul Univ, Expt Med Res Inst, Dept Adv Neurol Sci, Istanbul Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey Univ Complutense, IiSGM CIBERSAM, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon,Sch Med, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Univ Barcelona, Dept Psychiat, Hosp Clin, IDIBAPS,Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental CIBERS, Barcelona, Spain Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain Univ Oviedo, Sch Med, Dept Med,Psychiat Area, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Mental Hlth & Drug Addit Assistance, Hlth Serv Galicia,Psychiat Genet Grp IDIS, Hosp Clin,Ctr Invest Biomedica Red Salud Mental C, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain Hosp Virgen de la Luz, Serv Psiquiat, Dept Psychiat, Cuenca, Spain Hosp Univ Infanta Leonor Hosp Virgen Torre, Villa de Vallecas Mental Hlth Ctr, Villa de Vallecas Mental Hlth Dept, Madrid, Spain Hosp Univ Infanta Leonor Hosp Virgen Torre, Puente de Vallecas Mental Hlth Dept, Ctr Salud Mental Puente Vallecas, Madrid, Spain Hosp Clin Univ, Fdn Publ Galega Med Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Univ Complutense, Sch Med, Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Dept Psychiat, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Hosp Psiquiatr Conxo, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Early Psychosis Sect, Dept Psychiat, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands Parnassia Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychosis Res, the Hague, Netherlands Rivierduinen Psychiat Inst, Leiden, Netherlands Grp Hosp Mondor, AP HP, Creteil, France Hop Henri Mondor, INSERM, U955, Equipe 15, F-94010 Creteil, France Univ Paris Est, Fac Med, Creteil, France Fdn Fondamental, Creteil, France CMP B CHU, F-63003 Clermont Ferrand 1, France Univ Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont Ferrand, France EPS Maison Blanche, Paris, France UPC KU Leuven, Dept Neurosci, UPC, Kortenberg, Belgium UPC, Dept Neurosci, Res Grp Psychiat, Leuven, Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg, Dept Human Genet, Leuven, Belgium Assoc Sci Res Multiple Births, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, Dept Neurol, Ghent Univ Hosp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Univ Athens, Sch Med, Eginit Hosp, Athens 11528, Greece Med Univ Vienna, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria Psychiat Univ Clin Basel, Ctr Gender Res & Early Detect, Basel, Switzerland Psychiat Univ Clin Basel, Diagnost & Crisis Intervent Ctr, Basel, Switzerland Univ Cologne, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-50931 Cologne, Germany Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Ctr Genom Sci, State Key Lab Brain & Cognit Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, State Key Lab Brain & Cognit Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Basque Country, Univ Deusto, Interuniv Chair Law & Human Genome Prov Govt Bisk, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England UCL, Div Psychiat, London, England Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Beaumont Hosp, Educ & Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 9, Ireland Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat, Div Mol & Clin Neurobiol, Munich, Germany Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorium, Psychiat Unit, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorium, Genet Unit, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy Local Hlth Trust, Dept Mental Hlth & Pathol Addict, Bologna, Italy Univ Palermo, Sect Psychiat, Dept Expt Biomed & Clin Neurosci, Palermo, Italy P Giaccone Gen Hosp, Unit Psychiat, Palermo, Italy Univ Melbourne, Ctr Youth Mental Hlth, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Carlton, Vic, Australia Univ São Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Med Prevent, BR-01246903 São Paulo, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Nucleo Pesquina Saude Mental Populac, São Paulo, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Neurociencias & Ciencias Comportamento, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil Univ Verona, Sect Psychiat, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Res Unit, Mental Hlth Ctr Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Serv Hosp Univ, Hop St Anne, Paris, France Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Psicol Clin & Salut, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain St Pere Claver Fundacio Sanitaria, Dept Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA CIBERSAM, Spanish Mental Hlth Res Network, Barcelona, Spain Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, PRISMA Early Intervent Program, São Paulo, Brazil Univ Belgrade, Sch Med, Beograd, Serbia Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, PRISMA Early Intervent Program, São Paulo, Brazil European Community: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909 Web of Science

Published
2014

42. Pre-training inter-rater reliability of clinical instruments in an international psychosis research project

Author

Steven Berendsen, Pim Kapitein, Frederike Schirmbeck, Mirjam J. van Tricht, Philip McGuire, Craig Morgan, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Matthew J. Kempton, Lucia Valmaggia, Diego Quattrone, Marta di Forti, Mark van der Gaag, James B. Kirkbride, Hannah E. Jongsma, Peter B. Jones, Maria Parellada, Celso Arango, Manuel Arrojo, Miguel Bernardo, Julio Sanjuán, José Luis Santos, Andrei Szöke, Andrea Tortelli, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Ilaria Tarricone, Giada Tripoli, Laura Ferraro, Caterina La Cascia, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Barnaby Nelson, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Rodrigo Bressan, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Marie-Odile Krebs, Merete Nordentoft, Stephan Ruhrmann, Gabriele Sachs, Bart P.F. Rutten, Jim van Os, Eva Velthorst, Lieuwe de Haan, Maria Calem, Stefania Tognin, Gemma Modinos, Sara Pisani, Tamar C. Kraan, Daniella S. van Dam, Nadine Burger, Patrick McGorry, G. Paul Amminger, Athena Politis, Joanne Goodall, Stefan Borgwardt, Erich Studerus, Ary Gadelha, Elisa Brietzke, Graccielle Asevedo, Elson Asevedo, Andre Zugman, Tecelli Domínguez-Martínez, Manel Monsonet, Lidia Hinojosa, Paula Cristóbal-Narváez, Anna Racioppi, Thomas R. Kwapil, Mathilde Kazes, Claire Daban, Julie Bourgin, Olivier Gay, Célia Mam-Lam-Fook, Dorte Nordholm, Lasse Randers, Kristine Krakauer, Louise Birkedal Glenthøj, Birte Glenthøj, Dominika Gebhard, Julia Arnhold, Joachim Klosterkötter, Iris Lasser, Bernadette Winklbaur, Philippe A. Delespaul, Graduate School, Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Berendsen S., Kapitein P., Schirmbeck F., van Tricht M.J., McGuire P., Morgan C., Gayer-Anderson C., Kempton M.J., Valmaggia L., Quattrone D., di Forti M., van der Gaag M., Kirkbride J.B., Jongsma H.E., Jones P.B., Parellada M., Arango C., Arrojo M., Bernardo M., Sanjuan J., Santos J.L., Szoke A., Tortelli A., Llorca P.-M., Tarricone I., Tripoli G., Ferraro L., La Cascia C., Lasalvia A., Tosato S., Menezes P.R., Del-Ben C.M., Nelson B., Riecher-Rossler A., Bressan R., Barrantes-Vidal N., Krebs M.-O., Nordentoft M., Ruhrmann S., Sachs G., Rutten B.P.F., van Os J., Velthorst E., de Haan L., Calem M., Tognin S., Modinos G., Pisani S., Kraan T.C., van Dam D.S., Burger N., McGorry P., Amminger G.P., Politis A., Goodall J., Borgwardt S., Studerus E., Gadelha A., Brietzke E., Asevedo G., Asevedo E., Zugman A., Dominguez-Martinez T., Monsonet M., Hinojosa L., Cristobal-Narvaez P., Racioppi A., Kwapil T.R., Kazes M., Daban C., Bourgin J., Gay O., Mam-Lam-Fook C., Nordholm D., Randers L., Krakauer K., Glenthoj L.B., Glenthoj B., Gebhard D., Arnhold J., Klosterkotter J., Lasser I., Winklbaur B., Delespaul P.A., RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, and MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3)

Subjects
Research design, Psychosis, INFORMATION, IMPACT, Applied psychology, MEDLINE, Assessor selection, Pre-training inter-rater reliability, Psychosis instruments, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, Biological Psychiatry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Observer Variation, REPRODUTIBILIDADE DE RESULTADOS, business.industry, Pre-training inter-rater reliability, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Inter-rater reliability, Assessor selection, TRIALS, Psychotic Disorders, Research Design, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MEASUREMENT ERROR, business, Observer variation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychosis instruments
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

43. Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies

Author

Erich Studerus, Franz X. Vollenweider, Michael Kometer, Felix Hasler, University of Zurich, and Studerus, E

Subjects
Hallucinogen, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Context (language use), 610 Medicine & health, Dysphoria, Psilocybin, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, Young Adult, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, 2736 Pharmacology (medical), Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Adverse effect, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Panic, Psychedelic therapy, Middle Aged, Psychiatry and Mental health, Affect, 3004 Pharmacology, 10054 Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Hallucinogens, Anxiety, Female, Perception, medicine.symptom, Psychology, medicine.drug, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Psilocybin and related hallucinogenic compounds are increasingly used in human research. However, due to limited information about potential subjective side effects, the controlled medical use of these compounds has remained controversial. We therefore analysed acute, short- and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans by pooling raw data from eight double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies conducted between 1999 and 2008. The analysis included 110 healthy subjects who had received 1–4 oral doses of psilocybin (45–315 µg/kg body weight). Although psilocybin dose-dependently induced profound changes in mood, perception, thought and self-experience, most subjects described the experience as pleasurable, enriching and non-threatening. Acute adverse drug reactions, characterized by strong dysphoria and/or anxiety/panic, occurred only in the two highest dose conditions in a relatively small proportion of subjects. All acute adverse drug reactions were successfully managed by providing interpersonal support and did not need psychopharmacological intervention. Follow-up questionnaires indicated no subsequent drug abuse, persisting perception disorders, prolonged psychosis or other long-term impairment of functioning in any of our subjects. The results suggest that the administration of moderate doses of psilocybin to healthy, high-functioning and well-prepared subjects in the context of a carefully monitored research environment is associated with an acceptable level of risk.

Published
2010

44. Prediction of Psilocybin Response in Healthy Volunteers

Author

Michael Kometer, Franz X. Vollenweider, Alex Gamma, Erich Studerus, University of Zurich, and Studerus, E

Subjects
Adult, Male, Hallucinogen, Drug, Drugs and Devices, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychedelic experience, Psychometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:Medicine, 610 Medicine & health, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Models, Biological, Psilocybin, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, medicine, Psychology, Humans, Personality, Big Five personality traits, lcsh:Science, Psychiatry, media_common, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Regression analysis, Mental Health, Human Experimentation, Neurology, Databases as Topic, Health, 10054 Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medicine, Regression Analysis, lcsh:Q, Female, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract

Responses to hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin, are believed to be critically dependent on the user's personality, current mood state, drug pre-experiences, expectancies, and social and environmental variables. However, little is known about the order of importance of these variables and their effect sizes in comparison to drug dose. Hence, this study investigated the effects of 24 predictor variables, including age, sex, education, personality traits, drug pre-experience, mental state before drug intake, experimental setting, and drug dose on the acute response to psilocybin. The analysis was based on the pooled data of 23 controlled experimental studies involving 409 psilocybin administrations to 261 healthy volunteers. Multiple linear mixed effects models were fitted for each of 15 response variables. Although drug dose was clearly the most important predictor for all measured response variables, several non-pharmacological variables significantly contributed to the effects of psilocybin. Specifically, having a high score in the personality trait of Absorption, being in an emotionally excitable and active state immediately before drug intake, and having experienced few psychological problems in past weeks were most strongly associated with pleasant and mystical-type experiences, whereas high Emotional Excitability, low age, and an experimental setting involving positron emission tomography most strongly predicted unpleasant and/or anxious reactions to psilocybin. The results confirm that non-pharmacological variables play an important role in the effects of psilocybin.

Published
2012

45. Psychometric Evaluation of the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (OAV)

Author

Alex Gamma, Erich Studerus, Franz X. Vollenweider, University of Zurich, and Studerus, E

Subjects
Adult, Male, Factorial, Consciousness, Psychometrics, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:Medicine, 610 Medicine & health, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biology, psychometric properties, Structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rating scale, Surveys and Questionnaires, Statistics, Cluster Analysis, Humans, lcsh:Science, Factor analysis, media_common, Mental Health/Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses, 1000 Multidisciplinary, Multidisciplinary, altered states of consciousness (ASC), lcsh:R, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Theoretical, Confirmatory factor analysis, Psilocybin, Neuroscience/Psychology, Discriminant, 10054 Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, hallucinogens, Mental Health/Psychopharmacology, Female, Ketamine, lcsh:Q, Mathematics/Statistics, OAV, Research Article
Abstract

Background: The OAV questionnaire has been developed to integrate research on altered states of consciousness (ASC). It measures three primary and one secondary dimensions of ASC that are hypothesized to be invariant across ASC induction methods. The OAV rating scale has been in use for more than 20 years and applied internationally in a broad range of research fields, yet its factorial structure has never been tested by structural equation modeling techniques and its psychometric properties have never been examined in large samples of experimentally induced ASC. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study conducted a psychometric evaluation of the OAV in a sample of psilocybin (n=327), ketamine (n=162), and MDMA (n=102) induced ASC that was obtained by pooling data from 43 experimental studies. The factorial structure was examined by confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, hierarchical item clustering (ICLUST), and multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling. The originally proposed model did not fit the data well even if zero-constraints on non-target factor loadings and residual correlations were relaxed. Furthermore, ICLUST suggested that the ‘‘oceanic boundlessness’’ and ‘‘visionary restructuralization’’ factors could be combined on a high level of the construct hierarchy. However, because these factors were multidimensional, we extracted and examined 11 new lower order factors. MIMIC modeling indicated that these factors were highly measurement invariant across drugs, settings, questionnaire versions, and sexes. The new factors were also demonstrated to have improved homogeneities, satisfactory reliabilities, discriminant and convergent validities, and to differentiate well among the three drug groups. Conclusions/Significance: The original scales of the OAV were shown to be multidimensional constructs. Eleven new lower order scales were constructed and demonstrated to have desirable psychometric properties. The new lower order scales are most likely better suited to assess drug induced ASC.

Published
2010

46. Individualized pretest risk estimates to guide treatment decisions in patients with clinical high risk for psychotic disorders.

Author

Sprüngli-Toffel E, Studerus E, Curtis L, Conchon C, Alameda L, Bailey B, Caron C, Haase C, Gros J, Herbrecht E, Huber CG, Riecher-Rössler A, Conus P, Solida A, Armando M, Kapsaridi A, Ducommun MM, Klauser P, Plessen KJ, Urben S, Edan A, Nanzer N, Navarro AL, Schneider M, Genoud D, Michel C, Kindler J, Kaess M, Oliver D, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, and Andreou C

Abstract

Introduction: Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) states are associated with an increased risk of transition to psychosis. However, the predictive value of CHR screening interviews is dependent on pretest risk enrichment in referred patients. This poses a major obstacle to CHR outreach campaigns since they invariably lead to risk dilution through enhanced awareness. A potential compensatory strategy is to use estimates of individual pretest risk as a 'gatekeeper' for specialized assessment. We aimed to test a risk stratification model previously developed in London, UK (OASIS) and to train a new predictive model for the Swiss population., Method: The sample was composed of 513 individuals referred for CHR assessment from six Swiss early psychosis detection services. Sociodemographic variables available at referral were used as predictors whereas the outcome variable was transition to psychosis., Results: Replication of the risk stratification model developed in OASIS resulted in poor performance (Harrel's c=0.51). Retraining resulted in moderate discrimination (Harrel's c=0.67) which significantly differentiated between different risk groups. The lowest risk group had a cumulative transition incidence of 6.4% (CI: 0-23.1%) over two years., Conclusion: Failure to replicate the OASIS risk stratification model might reflect differences in the public health care systems and referral structures between Switzerland and London. Retraining resulted in a model with adequate discrimination performance. The developed model in combination with CHR assessment result, might be useful for identifying individuals with high pretest risk, who might benefit most from specialized intervention., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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47. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological predictors of the LSD experience in healthy participants.

Author

Vizeli P, Studerus E, Holze F, Schmid Y, Dolder PC, Ley L, Straumann I, Becker AM, Müller F, Arikci D, and Liechti ME

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers, Heart Rate drug effects, Personality, Middle Aged, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adolescent, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide pharmacology, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide administration & dosage, Hallucinogens administration & dosage, Hallucinogens pharmacology, Cross-Over Studies, Affect drug effects
Abstract

The pharmacodynamic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are diverse and different in different individuals. Effects of other psychoactive substances have been shown to be critically influenced by non-pharmacological factors such as personality traits and mood states. The aim of this study was to determine pharmacological and psychological predictors of the LSD effects in healthy human subjects. This analysis is based on nine double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies with a total of 213 healthy subjects receiving between 25-200 µg LSD. The influence of sex, age, dose, body weight, pharmacogenetic, drug experience, personality, setting, and mood before drug intake on the peak autonomic and total subjective responses to LSD was investigated using multiple linear mixed effects models and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression. Results were adjusted for LSD dose and corrected for multiple testing. LSD dose emerged as the most influential predictor, exhibiting a positive correlation with most response variables. Pre-drug mental states such as "Well-Being", "Emotional Excitability", and "Anxiety" were also important predictor for a range of subjective effects but also heart rate and body temperature. The trait "Openness to Experiences" was positively correlated with elevated ratings in "Oceanic Boundlessness" and mystical-type effects. Previous experiences with hallucinogens have been negatively associated with the overall altered state of consciousness and particularly with "Anxious Ego Dissolution". Acute anxiety negatively correlated with the genetically determined functionality of the Cytochrome 2D6 enzyme. In summary, besides the amount of drug consumed, non-pharmacological factors such as personal traits and current mood also significantly predicted the subjective drug experience. Sex and body weight were not significant factors in influencing the drug experience., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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48. Subjective long-term emotional and social effects of recreational MDMA use: the role of setting and intentions.

Author

Elmer T, Vannoy TK, Studerus E, and Lyubomirsky S

Subjects
Humans, Intention, Emotions, Euphoria, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine adverse effects, Illicit Drugs adverse effects
Abstract

MDMA is a recreational drug commonly used to enhance euphoria, but it is also used in non-party settings with self-insight or social connection intentions. Yet, little is known about whether distinct consumer groups are formed based on consumption setting and intention. We aimed to characterize different types of recreational MDMA users based on consumption setting and intentions, and to examine their differences in perceptions of long-term social-emotional effects of MDMA use. We analyzed self-reports of 766 individuals (ages 18-61, mostly from Western countries), reporting on their MDMA consumption habits and perceived effects. We used a K-medoids clustering algorithm to identify distinct types of consumption settings and intentions. We identified three setting types - party settings with friends (N = 388), private home settings (N = 132), mixed settings (N = 246) - and three intention types - euphoria and energy (N = 302), self-insight (N = 219), mixed intentions (N = 245). Members of the self-insight and mixed intentions clusters reported considerably more long-term socio-emotional benefits than members of the euphoria and energy cluster. No differences were observed between the setting clusters. In this particular sample, more long-term benefits than harms were reported. Our findings suggest that the long-term social-emotional benefits of MDMA are associated with whether users seek self-insight or have mixed intentions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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49. Influence of cannabis use on incidence of psychosis in people at clinical high risk.

Author

Chester LA, Valmaggia LR, Kempton MJ, Chesney E, Oliver D, Hedges EP, Klatsa E, Stahl D, van der Gaag M, de Haan L, Nelson B, McGorry P, Amminger GP, Riecher-Rössler A, Studerus E, Bressan R, Barrantes-Vidal N, Krebs MO, Glenthøj B, Nordentoft M, Ruhrmann S, Sachs G, and McGuire P

Subjects
Incidence, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Age of Onset, Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Cannabis, Psychotic Disorders diagnosis, Psychotic Disorders epidemiology, Marijuana Abuse epidemiology
Abstract

Aims: Evidence for case-control studies suggests that cannabis use is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. However, there have been limited prospective studies and the direction of this association remains controversial. The primary aim of the present study was to examine the association between cannabis use and the incidence of psychotic disorders in people at clinical high risk of psychosis. Secondary aims were to assess associations between cannabis use and the persistence of psychotic symptoms, and with functional outcome., Methods: Current and previous cannabis use were assessed in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (n = 334) and healthy controls (n = 67), using a modified version of the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. Participants were assessed at baseline and followed up for 2 years. Transition to psychosis and persistence of psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States criteria. Level of functioning at follow up was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning disability scale., Results: During follow up, 16.2% of the clinical high-risk sample developed psychosis. Of those who did not become psychotic, 51.4% had persistent symptoms and 48.6% were in remission. There was no significant association between any measure of cannabis use at baseline and either transition to psychosis, the persistence of symptoms, or functional outcome., Conclusions: These findings contrast with epidemiological data that suggest that cannabis use increases the risk of psychotic disorder., (© 2023 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.)

Published
2023
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50. Latent state-trait structure of BPRS subscales in clinical high-risk state and first episode psychosis.

Author

Hochstrasser L, Studerus E, Riecher-Rössler A, Schimmelmann BG, Lambert M, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Stieglitz RD, and Huber CG

Subjects
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders diagnosis, Psychotic Disorders psychology
Abstract

To investigate the longitudinal latent state-trait structure of the different dimensions of psychosis symptoms in clinical high-risk state (CHRS) and first episode psychosis (FEP) individuals over a one year time-span. This paper examines if the symptom clusters Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, Affectivity, Resistance, Activation, and Excitement according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) differ in their trait and state characters in 196 CHRS and 131 FEP individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using latent state-trait analysis. On average, trait differences accounted for 72.2% of Positive Symptoms, 81.1% of Negative Symptoms, 57.0% of Affectivity, and 69.2% of Activation, whereas 15.0% of the variance of Resistance and 13.2% of the variance of Excitement were explained by trait differences. Explorative analyses showed a trait components' increase of 0.408 in Positive Symptoms from baseline up to the 9th month and an increase of 0.521 in Affectivity from baseline up to the 6th month. Negative Symptoms had the highest trait component levels of all subscales between baseline and 6 months. The finding that an increasing proportion of psychosis symptoms is persisting over time underlines the importance of early intervention programs in individuals with psychotic disorders., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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