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BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at high risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome. Most previous studies on the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome focused on the inpatients and limited ones on patients dwelling in community.ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors at different risk levels of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in Guangzhou， so as to provide references for future interventions on metabolic syndrome in this patient population.MethodsIn November 2021， 3 339 patients with schizophrenia who were registered in and administered by Guangzhou Mental Health Information System were included. All these patients had finished the physical examination in 2020， and whether they had metabolic syndrome was assessed basing on Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China （2020 edition）. Patients were divided into high-risk group （n=423）， critical group （n=1 524） and metabolic syndrome group （n=1 392） according to the Chinese expert consensus on the management of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.ResultsThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia was 41.69%. Univariate analysis showed that the results in gender （χ2=44.610）， age （χ2=55.992）， marriage status （χ2=30.755）， illness course （χ2=25.913） and body mass index （χ2=829.265） were significantly different among the three groups （P

ObjectiveTo investigate the etiological features and traceability of a food poisoning incident in Pudong District， Shanghai， and to provide a basis for the future investigation and disposal of similar incidents.MethodsAnal swabs of the patients and a chef and food residues were collected for pathogens isolation and identification. Enterotoxin detection immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， drug sensitivity test， pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） and multilocus sequence typing （MLST） were used for genotyping and tracing.ResultsNine anal swabs from patients， one anal swab from the chef， and 3 food residues were positive for Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus）. Ten isolates from patients and the chef carried Staphylococcus enterotoxin （SE） A and SEE， while 3 isolates from food carried SEA， SED and SEE. All the isolates were resistant to penicillin. The S. aureus strains from the case shared the same PFGE pattern and the MLST type of them belonged to ST6.ConclusionThe cause of this food poisoning outbreak was S. aureus contamination. It is necessary to further strengthen the education and management of food processing enterprises， canteens， etc. to prevent similar incidents.

Background: The occurrence and dissemination of hypermucoviscous and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hm-hvKp) isolates in clinical settings are a critical public health problem in the world. However, the data on these isolates in community populations are limited. This study aims to understand the prevalence and molecular characteristics of hm-hvKp isolates in community patients in Shanghai, China. Methods: In 2018, an active surveillance system focused on hm-hvKp in community diarrhoeal cases was implemented in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China, involving 12 sentinel hospitals. The antimicrobial susceptibility of hm-hvKp isolates from fecal samples was tested, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to predict the serotypes and sequence types and to identify antimicrobial resistance determinants, virulence determinants, and phylogenetic clusters. Results: The overall prevalence of hm K. pneumoniae isolates was 2.48% (31/1252), with the proportions of 1.76% (22/1252) for hm-hvKp and 0.72% (9/1252) for hm not hv K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of hm-hvKp isolates among different age groups and different months was statistically significant. All the 22 hm-hvKp isolates were susceptible to 20 antimicrobial agents and only carried blaSHV gene, and KL1 and KL2 accounted for eight (36.36%) cases and seven (31.82%) cases, respectively. The eight ST23/KL1 isolates belonged to the predominant CG23-I clade, which typically possessed the virulence determinants profile of rmpA/rmpA2-iro-iuc-ybt-irp-clb. The five ST86/KL2 isolates were assigned to the global clusters ST86/KL2-1 (n=2), ST86/KL2-2 (n=2), ST86/KL2-3 (n=1), all lack of the clb gene. Shanghai ST23/KL1 and ST86/KL2 isolates were closely related to the global isolates from liver abscesses, blood, and urine. Conclusion: Hm-hvKp is carried by the community population of Shanghai, with ST23/KL1 and ST86/KL2 isolates predominant. Hm-hvKp isolates of different continents, different sources, and different virulence levels were closely related. Ongoing surveillance of hm-hvKp isolates in the community population is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the risk factors for suicide among psychiatric inpatients in China. In this study we identified the risk factors of suicide among psychiatric inpatients at Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital. All psychiatric inpatients who died by suicide during the 1956-2005 period were included in this study. Using a case-control design, 64 inpatients with schizophrenia who died by suicide were compared with a matched 64 controls. The results indicate that the rate of suicide was 133.1/100,000 admissions (95%CI 103.4-162.9). There were no significant differences in the method, location, or time of suicide between male and female inpatients. The number of hospitalizations was significantly larger in the suicide group than that in the control group. In logistic regression analyses, guilty thought, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt 1 month before hospital admission were identified as independent predictors of suicide among inpatients with schizophrenia. The findings of risk factors for schizophrenic inpatient suicide should be taken into account when developing interventions to prevent suicide among these patients.

The application of animal manure is highly recommended in agricultural production. However, the effect of different kinds of manures on bacterial community in farmland still remains unclear. In this study, a short-term field experiment was conducted to investigate the rapid effects of pig manure (PM), chicken manure (CM) and organic fertilizer (OF, composted by pig manure) application on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community. The results showed that the application of CM and OF significantly increased soil bacterial richness (p < 0.05), mainly correlated with the increase of soil total nitrogen. Compared with CM and PM, OF had the greatest disturbance to soil bacterial structure. And total phosphorus showed the highest correlation with bacterial community. Meanwhile, the application of OF reduced the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, the organic matter synthetic bacteria, and Nitrospirae, the nitrifying bacteria, by 17.18% and 40.00%, respectively. 16S functional prediction analysis results shows that the application of OF increased the relative abundance of genes encoding Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxyg (RuBsiCO), the genes involved in soil Calvin cycling, by 20.51%, and increased the relative abundance of genes encoding nitrous-oxide reductase by 44.86%. In conclusion, Short-term application of OF had greater disturbance to soil bacteria than CM and PM, and it had a significant influence on soil functional bacteria and genes involved in soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals resulting from human activities pose significant threats to human health and the soil ecosystem. In the current study, 917 soil samples from Chongming Island in Shanghai, China, were examined for eight heavy metals. The sources of contamination were identified by using a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Meanwhile, spatial interpolation and Moran's I index were applied to validate the model in terms of spatial linkages. The results revealed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in the soil were 8.87, 0.19, 0.06, 28.75, 76.01, 37.74, 88.93, and 30.33 mg kg -1 , respectively. The PMF analysis proved that heavy metals in the soil of the study area are mainly influenced by traffic sources (Cr and Pb), industrial sources (Zn, Cd, and Cu), station sources (Hg), and natural sources (As and Ni), with contribution rates of 22.23, 26.25, 36.38, and 15.14%, respectively. The combination of Moran's index and the spatial analysis method not only verified the analytical results of the receptor model on the one hand but also served as a supplementary explanation for the sources of heavy metals in the soil. The health risk assessment indicated that noncarcinogenic values were below the threshold values. The total carcinogenic risk ( R T ) of different heavy metals has a descending order of Cr > As > Ni > Cd. The R T values of multiple heavy metals for children and adults were 5.28 × 10 -04 and 4.10 × 10 -05 , respectively, which were close to the risk threshold. Therefore, attention should be paid to the health risks, especially for children's skin contact, which is the main exposure pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder. However, there is limited data on the prescribing patterns of patients under China's Central Government Support for the Local Management and Treatment of Severe Mental Illnesses Program, known as the "686 program." This study aimed to investigate the use of antipsychotic medications and associated factors among discharged schizophrenia patients in Guangdong Province, within the 686 Program. This study encompassed schizophrenia patients who were discharged from the Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University and enrolled in the 686 Program between January 2019 and December 2019. A total of 1645 hospitalized schizophrenia patients were included in the analysis. Clinical and sociodemographic data were acquired from medical records upon discharge. A total of 15 unique antipsychotic medications were utilized, comprising 4 first-generation (FGAs) and 11 second-generation (SGAs) options. FGAs were prescribed at a rate of 8.3%, while SGAs dominated at 98.8%. Risperidone (40.8%), olanzapine (30.2%), clozapine (24.6%), and amisulpride (15.4%) emerged as the top 4 prescribed medications. Additionally, mood stabilizers were used by 20.4%, antidepressants by 14.8%, sedative-hypnotics by 33.6%, anticholinergics by 26.9%, and other internal medicine drugs by 46.4%. Notably, 60.5% received antipsychotic monotherapy (AMT), while 39.5% underwent antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP). Predictors of polypharmacy included multiple hospital admissions, longer hospital stays, and undergoing modified Electroconvulsive Therapy (mECT) during hospitalization. In Guangdong Province, China's 686 Program, hospitalized patients commonly receive multiple antipsychotic medications simultaneously. Due to the varying outcomes in current studies on the benefits and risks of polypharmacy, it's vital to educate psychiatrists about the importance of AMT to reduce APP. Additionally, randomized, controlled trials are essential to identify the safest and most effective antipsychotic combinations, as well as to understand which patient profiles may benefit from these combinations., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: To investigate the infection status and virulent genes of Aeromonas in patients with acute diarrhea in Pudong New Area, Shanghai., Methods: In 2012, stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients in 12 sentinel hospitals in Pudong for the detections of 13 pathogens causing diarrhea, and the detections of 5 diarrhea related virulent genes were conducted for Aeromonas isolates., Results: A total of 101 patients were infected with Aeromonas in 2533 patients (4.0%). A total of 101 Aeromonas strains were isolated, including 17 Aeromonas hydrophila strains (18.8%), 44 Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria strains (52.5%) and 12 Aeromonas caviae strains (29.7%). And 44 coinfections with other pathogens were detected. Aeromonas infection mainly occurred in summer and in people aged ≥20 years. Among the patients infected with Aeromonas, 71 (70.3%) had watery diarrhea, 20 (19.8%) had vomiting and 11 (10.9%) had fever. Virulent genes detection showed that 95.0% of the Aeromonas. strains carried virulent genes, and the detection rates of hlyA, aerA, act, alt, and ast genes were 5.9%, 6.9%, 67.3%, 42.6% and 13.9%, respectively., Conclusions: High incidence of Aeromonas infection was found in the patients with acute diarrhea in Pudong, and a high proportion of coinfections with other pathogens was detected too. Most Aeromonas strains carried virulent genes, and the distribution varied.