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The appropriate and adjustable band structure and positive visible-light response enable the halide perovskite MAPbBr3 to be a promising photocatalyst for CO2 reduction. Considering the extremely poor water resistance and severe carrier complexation trends, rational design and control of steam stable MAPbBr3-based heterojunction nanocrystals to exploit their potential for photocatalytic CO2 reduction in steam is important while being a challenging topic. Here, an efficient MAPbBr3/Pb-MOF heterojunction photocatalyst is developed, ensuring in situ growth of Pb-MOF on the surface of the perovskite via a self-sacrificial template method, thus creating tightly connected interfaces to mitigate the sluggish charge transfer due to the discontinuous interfaces. The experimental results confirm that construction of MAPbBr3/Pb-MOF heterojunctions suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, the prepared MAPbBr3/Pb-MOF exhibits better steam stability, CO2 adsorption capacity, and higher separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. The heterostructure enables the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO at an excellent rate of 21.5 μmol g−1 under visible light irradiation, which is 4.8 times larger than that of pristine MAPbBr3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hysterectomies can be performed with a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approach or a laparotomic (abdominal) approach. The objective of this study was to assess any racial differences in the likelihood of having a planned MIS hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study of women undergoing hysterectomy at Henry Ford Health System was conducted where laparotomic and MIS approaches are available to all patients. All procedures were performed between October, 2015, and August, 2017. For this study, women were asked to report demographic and insurance information and complete validated questionnaires from 2 weeks before hysterectomy and up to six additional times in the year after hysterectomy. Clinical and operative characteristics were collected from electronic health records. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between race and the surgical approach. Results: Analyses included 235 White women and 196 Black women. Black women were less likely to have any MIS planned for their hysterectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.71, p < 0.05), a laparoscopic hysterectomy (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.73, p < 0.05), or a vaginal hysterectomy (RRR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.81, p = 0.01) compared with White women. After adjusting for confounders, uterine weight and indication for surgery was fibroids, these racial differences did not remain statistically significant (MIS vs. abdominal [adjusted odds ratio {aOR} = 0.93, 95% CI 0.55–1.57, p = 0.79], laparoscopic vs. abdominal [adjusted relative risk ratio {aRRR} = 0.89, 95% CI 0.52–1.51, p = 0.54], and vaginal vs. abdominal [aRRR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.61–2.45, p = 0.58]). The associations were not confounded by the baseline survey data from standardized questionnaires on depression, financial distress, and satisfaction with their decision. Conclusions: Black women were not less likely than White women to have planned an MIS hysterectomy after controlling for important confounding variables. These results emphasize the importance of considering all important confounders when examining racial differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, guidelines providing initial recommendations for ethical distribution of COVID-19 vaccines were released for public use before vaccines were available. Almost all these initial guidelines placed high-risk health workers in the first tier of distributions. But as the COVID-19 vaccines inched closer to distribution, it became increasingly clear that there would not be enough vaccines for all high-risk health workers in the initial distributions – raising the question of how health care systems should tier and distribute scarce vaccines to their high-risk health workers specifically. This article overviews our Health System’s efforts to appropriately identify and stage our health care workers at highest risk of COVID-19 in order to provide an ethically justifiable allocation process for vaccines until they were no longer scarce. Our allocation algorithm aimed to capitalize on the data we already possessed, avoid violations of employee privacy or confidentiality, remain objective and unbiased, and be automatable. Moreover, our allocation algorithm importantly reflected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines to include Social Vulnerability Indexing factors by including some personal features of our health care workers – such as gender, race-ethnicity, age, and postal code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Readmission is an increasingly important focus for improvement regarding quality, value, and patient burden in our surgical patient population. We hypothesized that inpatient harm events increase the likelihood of readmission in surgical patients. We created a system-wide inpatient registry with 30-day readmission. A surgical subset was created, and harm events were tracked through the electronic health record system. Between 2015 and 2017, 37,048 surgical patient encounters met inclusion criterion. A total of 2,887 patients (7.69%) were readmitted. After multiple logistic regression of the highly significant harm measures, seven harm measures remained statistically significant (p,.05). Those with the three highest odds ratios were mucosal pressure ulcer, Clostridium difficile, and glucose ,40. Incorporating harm measures to the traditional risk, predictive model for 30-day readmission improved our model performance (area under the ROC curve from 0.68 to 0.71). This study demonstrated that inpatient hospital-based harm events can be electronically monitored and used to predict 30-day readmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce websites are increasingly interested in how to effectively utilize online reviews to positively influence consumer decisions. One potential mechanism is providing socio-demographic information about reviewers along with the reviews. This study investigates how consumer decision outcome variables (e.g., perceived usefulness, trust and purchase intent) change when reviewers’ age and gender are provided and when a consumer’s and reviewer’s age/gender are same or similar. The hotel industry was utilized as the context. The results from the experiment showed that, regardless of the compatibility of the provided demographic information (reviewers’ vs. consumers’), providing reviewers’ age and gender positively impacted consumers’ perceived online trust, and about half of the participants processed and remembered the demographic information. It was additionally noted that people who could remember reviewers’ demographic information had not only more trust in the reviewer, the specific company’s website, and the specific hotel itself, but also higher intention to recommend and book the hotel. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As of now, very few research studies have examined the effects of financial constraints on the short- and long-term performances of companies after their announcement of convertible bonds. Due to asymmetric information, previous studies consider issuance of convertible bonds as negative news. As a result, the short- and long-term performances of companies generally decline after their convertible bond announcement. This study argues that when companies have investment plans, they are expected to have higher future cash flows. They will become increasingly more valuable regardless of the fact that they raise funds through the issue of convertible bonds (due to financial constraints), positively affecting the performance of companies. The results indicate that financial constraints have no effect on short-term performance, but did have a significantly positive impact on the long-term performance of companies after their issuance of convertible bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the effects of social determinants of health (SDOH) and race-ethnicity on readmission and to investigate the potential for geospatial clustering of patients with a greater burden of SDOH that could lead to a higher risk of readmission., Design: A retrospective study of inpatients at five hospitals within Henry Ford Health (HFH) in Detroit, Michigan from November 2015 to December 2018 was conducted., Setting: This study used an adult inpatient registry created based on HFH electronic health record data as the data source. A subset of the data elements in the registry was collected for data analyses that included readmission index, race-ethnicity, six SDOH variables and demographics and clinical-related variables., Participants: The cohort was composed of 248 810 admission patient encounters with 156 353 unique adult patients between the study time period. Encounters were excluded if they did not qualify as an index admission for all payors based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service definition., Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause readmission. This binary index was identified based on HFH internal data supplemented by external validated readmission data from the Michigan Health Information Network., Results: Race-ethnicity and all SDOH were significantly associated with readmission. The effect of depression on readmission was dependent on race-ethnicity, with Hispanic patients having the strongest effect in comparison to either African Americans or non-Hispanic whites. Spatial analysis identified ZIP codes in the City of Detroit, Michigan, as over-represented for individuals with multiple SDOH., Conclusions: There is a complex relationship between SDOH and race-ethnicity that must be taken into consideration when providing healthcare services. Insights from this study, which pinpoint the most vulnerable patients, could be leveraged to further improve existing models to predict risk of 30-day readmission for individuals in future work., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)