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1. Is Foreground Prototype Sufficient? Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation with Background-Fused Prototype

Author

Tang, Song, Zu, Chunxiao, Su, Wenxin, Dong, Yuan, Ye, Mao, Gan, Yan, and Zhu, Xiatian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Few-shot Semantic Segmentation(FSS)aim to adapt a pre-trained model to new classes with as few as a single labeled training sample per class. The existing prototypical work used in natural image scenarios biasedly focus on capturing foreground's discrimination while employing a simplistic representation for background, grounded on the inherent observation separation between foreground and background. However, this paradigm is not applicable to medical images where the foreground and background share numerous visual features, necessitating a more detailed description for background. In this paper, we present a new pluggable Background-fused prototype(Bro)approach for FSS in medical images. Instead of finding a commonality of background subjects in support image, Bro incorporates this background with two pivot designs. Specifically, Feature Similarity Calibration(FeaC)initially reduces noise in the support image by employing feature cross-attention with the query image. Subsequently, Hierarchical Channel Adversarial Attention(HiCA)merges the background into comprehensive prototypes. We achieve this by a channel groups-based attention mechanism, where an adversarial Mean-Offset structure encourages a coarse-to-fine fusion. Extensive experiments show that previous state-of-the-art methods, when paired with Bro, experience significant performance improvements. This demonstrates a more integrated way to represent backgrounds specifically for medical image.

Published
2024

2. Domain Adaptive Diabetic Retinopathy Grading with Model Absence and Flowing Data

Author

Su, Wenxin, Tang, Song, Liu, Xiaofeng, Yi, Xiaojing, Ye, Mao, Zu, Chunxiao, Li, Jiahao, and Zhu, Xiatian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Domain shift (the difference between source and target domains) poses a significant challenge in clinical applications, e.g., Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) grading. Despite considering certain clinical requirements, like source data privacy, conventional transfer methods are predominantly model-centered and often struggle to prevent model-targeted attacks. In this paper, we address a challenging Online Model-aGnostic Domain Adaptation (OMG-DA) setting, driven by the demands of clinical environments. This setting is characterized by the absence of the model and the flow of target data. To tackle the new challenge, we propose a novel approach, Generative Unadversarial ExampleS (GUES), which enables adaptation from a data-centric perspective. Specifically, we first theoretically reformulate conventional perturbation optimization in a generative way--learning a perturbation generation function with a latent input variable. During model instantiation, we leverage a Variational AutoEncoder to express this function. The encoder with the reparameterization trick predicts the latent input, whilst the decoder is responsible for the generation. Furthermore, the saliency map is selected as pseudo-perturbation labels. Because it not only captures potential lesions but also theoretically provides an upper bound on the function input, enabling the identification of the latent variable. Extensive comparative experiments on DR benchmarks with both frozen pre-trained models and trainable models demonstrate the superiority of GUES, showing robustness even with small batch size.

Published
2024

3. Proxy Denoising for Source-Free Domain Adaptation

Author

Tang, Song, Su, Wenxin, Ye, Mao, Zhang, Jianwei, and Zhu, Xiatian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Source-free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) aims to adapt a pre-trained source model to an unlabeled target domain with no access to the source data. Inspired by the success of pre-trained large vision-language (ViL) models in many other applications, the latest SFDA methods have also validated the benefit of ViL models by leveraging their predictions as pseudo supervision. However, we observe that ViL's predictions could be noisy and inaccurate at an unknown rate, potentially introducing additional negative effects during adaption. To address this thus-far ignored challenge, in this paper, we introduce a novel Proxy Denoising (ProDe) approach. Specifically, we leverage the ViL model as a proxy to facilitate the adaptation process towards the latent domain-invariant space. Critically, we design a proxy denoising mechanism for correcting ViL's predictions. This is grounded on a novel proxy confidence theory by modeling elegantly the domain adaption effect of the proxy's divergence against the domain-invariant space. To capitalize the corrected proxy, we further derive a mutual knowledge distilling regularization. Extensive experiments show that our ProDe significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art alternatives under both conventional closed-set setting and the more challenging open-set, partial-set and generalized SFDA settings. The code will release soon.

Published
2024

4. Unified Source-Free Domain Adaptation

Author

Tang, Song, Su, Wenxin, Ye, Mao, Zhang, Jianwei, and Zhu, Xiatian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

In the pursuit of transferring a source model to a target domain without access to the source training data, Source-Free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) has been extensively explored across various scenarios, including closed-set, open-set, partial-set, and generalized settings. Existing methods, focusing on specific scenarios, not only address only a subset of challenges but also necessitate prior knowledge of the target domain, significantly limiting their practical utility and deployability. In light of these considerations, we introduce a more practical yet challenging problem, termed unified SFDA, which comprehensively incorporates all specific scenarios in a unified manner. To tackle this unified SFDA problem, we propose a novel approach called Latent Causal Factors Discovery (LCFD). In contrast to previous alternatives that emphasize learning the statistical description of reality, we formulate LCFD from a causality perspective. The objective is to uncover the causal relationships between latent variables and model decisions, enhancing the reliability and robustness of the learned model against domain shifts. To integrate extensive world knowledge, we leverage a pre-trained vision-language model such as CLIP. This aids in the formation and discovery of latent causal factors in the absence of supervision in the variation of distribution and semantics, coupled with a newly designed information bottleneck with theoretical guarantees. Extensive experiments demonstrate that LCFD can achieve new state-of-the-art results in distinct SFDA settings, as well as source-free out-of-distribution generalization.Our code and data are available at https://github.com/tntek/source-free-domain-adaptation.

Published
2024

6. Source-Free Domain Adaptation with Frozen Multimodal Foundation Model

Author

Tang, Song, Su, Wenxin, Ye, Mao, and Zhu, Xiatian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Source-Free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) aims to adapt a source model for a target domain, with only access to unlabeled target training data and the source model pre-trained on a supervised source domain. Relying on pseudo labeling and/or auxiliary supervision, conventional methods are inevitably error-prone. To mitigate this limitation, in this work we for the first time explore the potentials of off-the-shelf vision-language (ViL) multimodal models (e.g.,CLIP) with rich whilst heterogeneous knowledge. We find that directly applying the ViL model to the target domain in a zero-shot fashion is unsatisfactory, as it is not specialized for this particular task but largely generic. To make it task specific, we propose a novel Distilling multimodal Foundation model(DIFO)approach. Specifically, DIFO alternates between two steps during adaptation: (i) Customizing the ViL model by maximizing the mutual information with the target model in a prompt learning manner, (ii) Distilling the knowledge of this customized ViL model to the target model. For more fine-grained and reliable distillation, we further introduce two effective regularization terms, namely most-likely category encouragement and predictive consistency. Extensive experiments show that DIFO significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art alternatives. Code is here, Comment: Accepted at CVPR 2024

Published
2023

12. Fungal diversity notes 1512–1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Author

Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Hyde, Kevin D., Wang, Song, Sun, Ya-Ru, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A., Abdel-Aziz, Faten A., Abeywickrama, Pranami D., Abreu, Vanessa P., Armand, Alireza, Aptroot, André, Bao, Dan-Feng, Begerow, Dominik, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Bezerra, Jadson D. P., Bundhun, Digvijayini, Calabon, Mark S., Cao, Ting, Cantillo, Taimy, Carvalho, João L. V. R., Chaiwan, Napalai, Chen, Che-Chih, Courtecuisse, Régis, Cui, Bao-Kai, Damm, Ulrike, Denchev, Cvetomir M., Denchev, Teodor T., Deng, Chun Y., Devadatha, Bandarupalli, de Silva, Nimali I., dos Santos, Lidiane A., Dubey, Nawal K., Dumez, Sylvain, Ferdinandez, Himashi S., Firmino, André L., Gafforov, Yusufjon, Gajanayake, Achala J., Gomdola, Deecksha, Gunaseelan, Sugantha, Shucheng-He, Htet, Zin H., Kaliyaperumal, Malarvizhi, Kemler, Martin, Kezo, Kezhocuyi, Kularathnage, Nuwan D., Leonardi, Marco, Li, Ji-Peng, Liao, Chunfang, Liu, Shun, Loizides, Michael, Luangharn, Thatsanee, Ma, Jian, Madrid, Hugo, Mahadevakumar, S., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Manamgoda, Dimuthu S., Martín, María P., Mekala, Niranjan, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Mu, Yan-Hong, Pahoua, Pasouvang, Pem, Dhandevi, Pereira, Olinto L., Phonrob, Wiphawanee, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Raza, Mubashar, Ren, Guang-Cong, Rinaldi, Andrea C., Rossi, Walter, Samarakoon, Binu C., Samarakoon, Milan C., Sarma, Vemuri V., Senanayake, Indunil C., Singh, Archana, Souza, Maria F., Souza-Motta, Cristina M., Spielmann, Adriano A., Su, Wenxin, Tang, Xia, Tian, XingGuo, Thambugala, Kasun M., Thongklang, Naritsada, Tennakoon, Danushka S., Wannathes, Nopparat, Wei, DingPeng, Welti, Stéphane, Wijesinghe, Subodini N., Yang, Hongde, Yang, Yunhui, Yuan, Hai-Sheng, Zhang, Huang, Zhang, Jingyi, Balasuriya, Abhaya, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Bulgakov, Timur S., Cai, Lei, Camporesi, Erio, Chomnunti, Putarak, Deepika, Y. S., Doilom, Mingkwan, Duan, Wei-Jun, Han, Shi-Ling, Huanraluek, Naruemon, Jones, E. B. Gareth, Lakshmidevi, N., Li, Yu, Lumyong, Saisamorn, Luo, Zong-Long, Khuna, Surapong, Kumla, Jaturong, Manawasinghe, Ishara S., Mapook, Ausana, Punyaboon, Wilawan, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Yan, JiYe, and Wang, Yong

Published
2022
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15. Reduced Retinal Vascular Density and Skeleton Length in Amblyopia

Author

Su, Wenxin, primary, Ma, Li, additional, Li, Kexin, additional, Hu, Yiqun, additional, Mao, Yanqing, additional, Xie, Wenbin, additional, Hu, Xinya, additional, Huang, Tao, additional, Lv, Junfeng, additional, Wang, Mingxuan, additional, Yan, Biao, additional, Yao, Xue, additional, Yan, Xiaohe, additional, and Zhang, Jiayi, additional

Published
2024
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16. Effects of Saline–Alkali Composite Stress on the Growth and Soil Fixation Capacity of Four Herbaceous Plants.

Author

Jian, Jingjing, Su, Wenxin, Liu, Yule, Wang, Mengqi, Chen, Xiangwei, Wang, Enheng, and Yan, Junxin

Subjects
*PERILLA frutescens, *SALINE solutions, *PLANT enzymes, *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics), *SLOPE stability
Abstract

Plants play a crucial role in soil fixation and enhancement of slope stability, and saline–alkaline stress is one of the main restrictions inhibiting plant growth and development. At present, there is a lack of research on the effects of saline–alkaline composite stress on the mechanical properties of the root system and the erosion resistance of the root–soil complex. In this study, three gradients of saline–alkaline composite stress treatments and a control of saline-free treatment was set up for Oenothera biennis, Perilla frutescens, Echinops sphaerocephalus, and Lychnis fulgens. The plant salt damage rate, osmotic index, antioxidant enzyme activity and plant root morphological indicators were measured. The biomechanical characteristics were determined by stretching tests, the resistance of the plant was measured by a whole-plant vertical uprooting test, and the anti-erosion capacity of the root soil composite was measured by scrubbing test. The results showed that, at 200 mM, the salt damage index and salt damage rate of the four plants, in descending order, were as follows: E. sphaerocephalus < L. fulgens < O. biennis < P. frutescens. Among them, SOD of Perilla frutescens did not play an obvious protective role, and the substantial changes in CAT and POD, as well as the content of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline, showed its sensitivity to saline and alkaline stresses. Root growth was also significantly suppressed in all four plants, the 100- and 200-mM concentrations of saline solution significantly reduced the average tensile strength of O. biennis and P. frutescens, while the saline–alkali solution of 200 mM significantly reduced the elongation of E. sphaerocephalus and L. fulgens, and significantly elevated the soil detachment rate of the root–soil composite for E. sphaerocephalus. Additionally, all three concentrations of saline treatments significantly reduced the pullout resistance of all 4 plants. There was a negative power rate relationship between tensile resistance and root diameter in four plant species, while the relationship between tensile strength and root diameter showed a negative power law only for L. fulgens treated with 0–50 mM saline solution. There was no significant correlation between elongation and root diameter in the four plants. P. frutescens had the greatest tensile resistance and strength, as well as the lowest rate of elongation, while L. fulgens possessed the greatest pullout resistance, and both had comparable resistance to erosion of the root–soil complex. Therefore, compared to the other three plants, L. fulgens is more suitable for soil reinforcement applications on saline slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci S. Q. Tian, R. Xu & Phukhams. 2022, sp. nov

Author

Tian, Shangqing, Xu, Rong, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Su, Wenxin, Hyde, Kevin D., Li, Yu, Fu, Yongping, and Phukhamsakda, Chayanard

Subjects
Ascomycota, Pestalotiopsis, Sordariomycetes, Fungi, Amphisphaeriales, Pestalotiopsidaceae, Biodiversity, Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci, Taxonomy
Abstract

Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci S. Q. Tian, R. Xu & Phukhams., sp. nov. FIGURE. 2 Index Fungorum number: — IF559721 Etymology: —Name refers the host, Eleutherococcus brachypus Holotype: — HMJAU 60189 Saprobic on dead leaves of Eleutherococcus brachypus. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 130–150 × 190–280 μm (x̄ = 140 × 235 μm), pycnidia, sub - globose, depressed, solitary or aggregated, erumpent to semi - immersed, brown to dark brown. Ostioles 36 µm long, 12 µm width, conical, central, brown, spore discharge from the slit-like ostioles of the pycnidia. Conidiophores indistinct, often reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 5–20 × 3–7 μm (x̄ = 16.3 × 4.6 μm), apex 2–5 μm diam, discrete, lageniform to subcylindrical, collarette flared, hyaline, smooth, proliferating once or twice. Conidia (21–)22–27(–28) × (5–)5.5–6.5(–7) μm, (x̄ ± SD = 24.7 ± 1.8 × 6 ± 0.6 μm), fusoid, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, 3–4 septate; Two or three median cells (11–)13–18(–19) μm long, (x̄ ± SD = 15.7 ± 1.8 μm), (second cell from the base 3–6 μm long; third cell 3–4 μm long; fourth cell 5–7 μm long), doliiform to subcylindrical, wall rugose, concolourous, golden brown, septa darker than the rest of the cell; Apical cell 4–6.5 μm long, obconic with an acute apex, hyaline, thin and smooth walled, with 2–4 tubular appendage, the median appendage 6–21 μm long, apical appendage 10–19 μm long, attenuated, arising just above the septum of the apical cell and upper median cell, unbranched, hyaline. Basal cell 3–5μm long, narrowly obconic with a truncate base, hyaline, thin and smooth-walled, one basal appendage, 4–8 μm long, single, centric, tubular, hyaline, unbranched. Culture characteristics: —Colonies on PDA reaching 60–70 mm diam after seven days at 25&ring; C, sporulating after two weeks of incubation. Cultures from above, dense, round, umbonate, papillate, fluffy, grey with white aerial mycelium; reverse brownish, radiating white to the edge, cream at the margin. Material examined: — CHINA, Jilin Province: Changchun, from leaves of Eleutherococcus brachypus (Araliaceae), 18 April 2021, S.Q. Tian and C. Phukhamsakda, T 02 (HMJAU 60189, holotype); ex - type living culture CCMJ5009, isotype = HMJAU 60190; ex - isotype living culture CCMJ5010. Notes: —The multi - gene phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, tef 1 - α, and tub 2 sequence data showed that Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) is closely related to Pestalotiopsis lijiangensis with strong bootstrap support (ML / MP /BPP: 96%/97%/1.00). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the ITS sequence of P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) was 98.28% similar across 99% of the query sequence to P. lijiangensis (CNUZ 118), which translates into 97.29% similarity. There was 1.92% (11/573) base differences in the ITS region of P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) and P. lijiangensis (CNUZ 118), excluding gaps. The closest match of the tub 2 sequence of P. eleutherococci was 89.21% similar across 93% of the query sequence to P. dianellae (CBS 143421), which translates into 82.07% similarity. There were 6.12% (35/571) and 12.17% (57/468) base differences in the ITS and tub 2 genes of P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) and P. dianellae (CBS 143421), excluding gaps. Morphologically, P. eleutherococci is similar to P. pallidotheae, a species described from Japan, but P. pallidotheae has more (2–5 vs. 2–4) and longer apical appendages than P. eleutherococci (12– 39 μm vs. 10–19 µm) (Watanabe et al. 2010). Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) is morphologically similar to P. lijiangensis in the shape of conidia (Crous et al. 2017, Zhou et al. 2018). However, the appendages (10–19 µm vs. 14–25 µm in P. lijiangensis) and median cells of P. eleutherococci are smaller (second cell from the base 3–6 μm vs. 4.5–5.5 µm; third cell 3–4 μm vs. 4–5.1 µm; fourth cell 5–7 μm vs. 6–7.4 µm). The basal appendage is longer in P. lijiangensis (10–19 μm vs. 14–25 µm, 4–8 μm vs. 2–6 µm) and the conidial length/ width ratio of P. eleutherococci is almost 1.38 times larger than of P. lijiangensis (4.1 vs 2.96 in the conidial length/width ratio). The third cell of Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci, P. lijiangensis and P. montellica are 0.6–0.78 times compare to the other cells, while the third cell of P. jesteri is 1.1 times larger than the other cells in the conidia (Strobel et al. 2000). Pestalotiopsis jesteri also has knobbed apical appendages, while P. eleutherococci, P. montellica and P. lijiangensis have unbranched apical appendage. A comparison of the ITS sequences shows that P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) differs by 11 nucleotides from P. lijiangensis, 26 nucleotides from P. jesteri (CBS 109350) and 25 nucleotides from P. montellica (MFLUCC 12 - 0279). Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci differs by 54 nucleotides from P. jesteri and P. montellica, excluding gap in the tub 2 region. There were 4.64% (26/560 bases) and 10.62% (54/508) base differences in the ITS and tub 2 genes between P. eleutherococci and P. jesteri, excluding gaps. There were 4.46% (25/560) and 10.4% (54/519) base differences in the ITS and tub 2 genes of P. eleutherococci and P. montellica, excluding gaps. Therefore, Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci is introduced as a novel species., Published as part of Tian, Shangqing, Xu, Rong, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Su, Wenxin, Hyde, Kevin D., Li, Yu, Fu, Yongping & Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, 2022, Combination of morphological and molecular data support Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci (Sporocadaceae) as a new species, pp. 105-120 in Phytotaxa 566 (1) on pages 113-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.566.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7103520, {"references":["Watanabe, K., Motohashi, K. & Ono, Y. (2010) Description of Pestalotiopsis pallidotheae: a new species from Japan Mycoscience 51 (3): 182 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10267 - 009 - 0025 - z","Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Burgess, T. I., Carnegie, A. J., Hardy, G. E. S. J., Smith, D., Summerell, B. A., Cano-Lira, J. F., Guarro, J., Houbraken, J., Lombard, L., Martin, M. P., Sandoval-Denis, M., Alexandrova, A. V., Barnes, C. W., Baseia, I. G., Bezerra, J. D. P., Guarnaccia, V., May, T. W., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Stchigel, A. M., Miller, A. N., Ordonez, M. E., Abreu, V. P., Accioly, T., Agnello, C., Agustin Colman, A., Albuquerque, C. C., Alfredo, D. S., Alvarado, P., Araujo-Magalhaes, G. R., Arauzo, S., Atkinson, T., Barili, A., Barreto, R. W., Bezerra, J. L., Cabral, T. S., Camello Rodriguez, F., Cruz, R. H. S. F., Daniels, P. P., da Silva, B. D. B., de Almeida, D. A. C., de Carvalho Junior, A. A., Decock, C. A., Delgat, L., Denman, S., Dimitrov, R. A., Edwards, J., Fedosova, A. G., Ferreira, R. J., Firmino, A. L., Flores, J. A., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Giraldo, A., Gois, J. S., Gomes, A. A. M., Goncalves, C. M., Gouliamova, D. E., Groenewald, M., Gueorguiev, B. V., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gusmao, L. F. P., Hosaka, K., Hubka, V., Huhndorf, S. M., Jadan, M., Jurjevic, Z., Kraak, B., Kucera, V., Kumar, T. K. A., Kusan, I., Lacerda, S. R., Lamlertthon, S., Lisboa, W. S., Loizides, M., Luangsa-Ard, J. J., Lyskova, P., Mac Cormack, W. P., Macedo, D. M., Machado, A. R., Malysheva, E. F., Marinho, P., Matocec, N., Meijer, M., Mesic, A., Mongkolsamrit, S., Moreira, K. A., Morozova, O. V., Nair, K. U., Nakamura, N., Noisripoom, W., Olariaga, I., Oliveira, R. J. V., Paiva, L. M., Pawar, P., Pereira, O. L., Peterson, S. W., Prieto, M., Rodriguez-Andrade, E., Rojo De Blas, C., Roy, M., Santos, E. S., Sharma, R., Silva, G. A., Souza-Motta, C. M., Takeuchi-Kaneko, Y., Tanaka, C., Thakur, A., Smith, M. T., Tkalcec, Z., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., van der Kleij, P., Verbeken, A., Viana, M. G., Wang, X. W. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2017) Fungal Planet description sheets: 625 - 715. Persoonia 39: 270 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2017.39.11","Zhou, Y. K., Li, F. P. & Hou, C. L. (2018) Pestalotiopsis lijiangensis sp. nov., a new endophytic fungus from Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 133 (3): 513 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 133.513","Strobel, G., Li, J. Y., Ford, E., Worapong, J., Baird, G. I. & Hess, W. M. (2000) Pestalotiopsis jesteri sp. nov. an endophyte from Fragraea bodenii, a common plant in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea. Mycotaxon 76: 257 - 266."]}

Published
2022
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33. Design optimization and mechanics study of mixture ratio of super high toughness concrete.

Author

ZHANG Ping, CHEN Xu, LI Kai, WANG Zimeng, and SU Wenxin

Abstract

Taking the closest packing as the starting point, adopting the "minimum water demand method" and the "closest packing model concept of aggregate" to design a super high toughness concrete mix ratio with polypropylene fiber, and through the workability and mechanical properties of the concrete, the proportion of the cementitious material, the type and proportion of the quartz sand, and the water-to-binder ratio in the mix ratio were adjusted and optimized. The test results showed that when the ratio of cement, mineral powder and silica fume was 70:15:15, quartz sand of 20-40 mesh and 40-120 mesh was 2.06:1,the water-to-binder ratio was 0.20, the dosage of steel fiber was 2% of the volume of concrete and the polypropylene fiber was 0.1% of the volume of concrete, the workability and mechanical properties of concrete were the best, and the 28 days flexural strength and compressive strength was up to 35MPa and 130MPa respectively, and the extension could reach 600 mm, which could meet the actual engineering demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

35. Was it a pain or a sound? Across-species variability in sensory sensitivity

Author

Hu, Li, Xia, Xiaolei L., Peng, Weiwei W., Su, Wenxin X., Luo, Fei, Yuan, Hong, Chen, Antao T., Liang, Meng, and Iannetti, Giandomenico

Subjects
Male, C-fibres, Pain, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Young Adult, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Physical Stimulation, Animals, Humans, Evoked Potentials, Pain Measurement, Skin, Cerebral Cortex, Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated, Lasers, Sensory sensitivity, Nociceptors, Electroencephalography, Pain Perception, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Rats, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Aδ-fibres, Female, Research Paper
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Valid translation of experimental results from animals to humans critically relies on a careful consideration of differences in sensory sensitivity across species., Natural selection has shaped the physiological properties of sensory systems across species, yielding large variations in their sensitivity. Here, we used laser stimulation of skin nociceptors, a widely used technique to investigate pain in rats and humans, to provide a vivid example of how ignoring these variations can lead to serious misconceptions in sensory neuroscience. In 6 experiments, we characterized and compared the physiological properties of the electrocortical responses elicited by laser stimulation in rats and humans. We recorded the electroencephalogram from the surface of the brain in freely moving rats and from the scalp in healthy humans. Laser stimuli elicited 2 temporally distinct responses, traditionally interpreted as reflecting the concomitant activation of different populations of nociceptors with different conduction velocities: small-myelinated Aδ-fibres and unmyelinated C-fibres. Our results show that this interpretation is valid in humans, but not in rats. Indeed, the early response recorded in rats does not reflect the activation of the somatosensory system, but of the auditory system by laser-generated ultrasounds. These results have wide implications: retrospectively, as they prompt for a reconsideration of a large number of previous interpretations of electrocortical rat recordings in basic, preclinical, and pharmacological research, and prospectively, as they will allow recording truly pain-related cortical responses in rats.

Published
2015

36. 明治時代における「ウツクシイ」「キレイ（ダ）」の数量的考察

Author

蘇, 文鑫, Su, Wenxin, 蘇, 文鑫, and Su, Wenxin

Abstract

The word utsukushii,which has been used since the Nara period, is one of the most functionally significant words that express the notion of ''beauty''. The frequent modern usage of the word kireida has subtle differences from utsukushii; therefore, the two words are often compared as synonyms.This study will focus on the words utsukushii and kireida, in order to clarify the functional distinction of these two words.The scope of the investigation is centered on the Meiji period and the Taisho period.This essay is a quantitative study of utsukushii and kireida in the Meiji period as the basics of consideration.The conclusion is that kireida is used much more by authors such as Natsume Souseki. Furthermore,and the characteristic novels, like『Sokkyousijin』 『Gubijinsou』 『Inakakyousi』, ect will be investigated mainly by consulting the usage trend of the authors' writing career."

Published
2017

39. Retinal vascular alterations in cognitive impairment: A multicenter study in China.

Author

Shi Q, Ni A, Li K, Su W, Xie W, Zheng H, Wang M, Xiao Z, Wu W, Shi K, Zhang P, Yan B, Ding D, Kwok T, Zhao Q, and Zhang J

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, China, Aged, Alzheimer Disease pathology, Deep Learning, Hong Kong, Middle Aged, Cognitive Dysfunction, Retinal Vessels pathology, Retinal Vessels diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Introduction: Foundational models suggest Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be diagnosed using retinal images, but the specific structural features remain poorly understood. This study investigates retinal vascular changes in individuals with cognitive impairment in three East Asian regions., Methods: A multicenter study was conducted in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Ningxia, collecting retinal images from 176 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD and 264 controls. The VC-Net deep learning model segmented arterial/venous networks, extracting 36 vascular features., Results: Significant reductions in vessel length, segment number, and vascular density were observed in cognitively impaired patients, while venous structure and complexity were correlated with the level of cognitive function., Discussion: Retinal vascular changes may serve as indicators of cognitive impairment, requiring validation in larger cohorts and exploration of the underlying mechanisms., Highlights: A deep learning segmentation model extracted diverse retinal vascular features. Significant alterations in the structure of retinal arterial/venous networks were identified. Partitioning vessel-rich retinal zones improved detection of vascular changes. Decreases in vessel length, segment number, and vascular density were found in CI individuals., (© 2025 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)

Published
2025
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40. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence reveal two new species and the first report of Comoclathris (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) on dicotyledonous plants from China.

Author

Xu R, Su W, Wang Y, Tian S, Li Y, and Phukhamsakda C

Abstract

Two novel Comoclathris species were identified from dicotyledonous plants ( Clematis sp. and Xanthocerassorbifolium ) in China. The results were supported by morphological characters and Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, LSU, SSU and rpb 2 sequences revealed two new species Comoclathrisclematidis and C.xanthoceratis , which are phylogenetically distinct. The new species are phylogenetically closely related to C.arrhenatheri. However, they are distinguishable from C.arrhenatheri by having comparatively larger asci and ascospores. This study improves our knowledge of Comoclathris as no species has been previously described from China. This suggests such taxa may be rare and it is likely that new taxa will be discovered from hosts and environments that have not yet been extensively investigated., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Rong Xu, Wenxin Su, Yang Wang, Shangqing Tian, Yu Li, Chayanard Phukhamsakda.)

Published
2024
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