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This work proposes an ultrasonic leaky waveguide (ULWG) for in-situ structural integrity inspection during fused deposition modeling (FDM). Since the ultrasonic wave propagation speed (m·s−1) is much higher than the deposition speed (mm·s−1), a quasi-static finite element model is first established to simulate the wave propagation during this dynamic process. The amplitude and energy attenuation coefficients (α and ζ) are chosen as the inspection features. Processing parameters including deposition layer thickness and number, inspection frequency, plate thickness and interface impedance are explored. For the first layer printing, a thinner thickness, higher frequency and proper interface impedance will enable a better inspection with high sensitivity. For multilayer printing, the multimodal dispersion curves change continuously and α oscillation is observed due to waveform aliasing that ζ is more reliable. Printing failures such as detachment can be predicted as well from the model established. The ULWG is then integrated into a commercial FDM machine to capture the attenuation coefficients of an “S” shape sample. The poor adhesion, local and global detachments, path planning impact can all be revealed by ζ experimentally. Moreover, being consistent to the simulation, the fluctuation of α in multilayer printing increases, which prevents a further printing evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on enhancing search result diversification by acknowledging that long documents cover various aspects of a query and proposing to represent documents using multiple passages. It mentions by segmenting documents into passages and evaluating their relevance to the query, the proposed framework improves result diversity compared to existing methods, as demonstrated through experiments on a standard dataset.

We propose an approach to elucidate carrier dynamics by developing a robust rate equation model capable of explaining carrier dynamics in a dual-well system. To experimentally validate the accuracy and reliability of our model, we utilized a combination of time-resolved photoluminescence and spatially resolved cathodoluminescence measurements. The integration of these complementary techniques allowed us to thoroughly investigate the spectral characteristics in both wells, revealing distinct features attributed to carrier tunneling and transport effects and verifying the predictive ability of the model. This validation process not only confirms the model's accuracy under both coupled and uncoupled conditions but also highlights its potential applicability to quantum-well-based semiconductor lasers. Overall, our study not only advances our understanding of carrier dynamics in quantum wells but also introduces a versatile and reliable tool for designing and simulating ultrafast semiconductor lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 55-year-old female diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) progressing to acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), revealing a novel fusion gene detected through transcriptome sequencing. Topics discussed include the clinical history of the patient, molecular characterization of the fusion gene, and the potential implications of non-coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) involvement in leukemia pathogenesis.

In this work, we proposed a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/gelatin composite film (CG-TENG) to monitor the posture and movements of athletes during jumping training. The triboelectric layers comprise a polytetrafluoroethylene film (which carries a negative charge) and a CNC/gelatin composite film (manifesting a positive charge). The CNC is derived from recycled wasted boxes using the traditional sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and is incorporated into the gelatin film as a nanoscale additive. By utilizing an external load resistance measuring 20 MΩ, it is possible to attain an all-time high instantaneous power of 583 µW. The electrical output of the CG-TENG demonstrates notable stability and endurance, as it maintains a consistent pattern during a duration of more than 30 000 cycles. By capitalizing on sustainable and green materials, the CG-TENG paves the way for innovative sports monitoring solutions, amplifying the potential for human physiological signal tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporadic Alzheimer's disease and cancer remain epidemiologically inversely related, and exploring the reverse pathogenesis is important for our understanding of both. Cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) might result from the depletion of adaptive reserves in the brain. Energy storage in the brain is limited and is dynamically regulated by neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling. The research on neurodegenerative diseases has been dominated by the neurocentric view that neuronal defects cause the diseases. However, the proposal of the 2-hit vascular hypothesis in AD led us to focus on alterations in the vasculature, especially hypoperfusion. Chronic hypoxia is a feature shared by AD and cancer. It is interesting how contradicting chronic hypoxia's effects on both cancer and AD are. In this article, we discuss the potential links between the 2 diseases' etiology, from comparable upstream circumstances to diametrically opposed downstream effects. We suggest opposing potential mechanisms, including upregulation and downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, the Warburg and reverse-Warburg effects, lactate-mediated intracellular acidic and alkaline conditions, and VDAC1-mediated apoptosis and antiapoptosis, and search for regulators that may be identified as the crossroads between cancer and AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rating prediction is crucial in recommender systems as it enables personalized recommendations based on different models and techniques, making it of significant theoretical importance and practical value. However, presenting these recommendations in the form of lists raises the challenge of improving the list's quality, making it a prominent research topic. This study focuses on enhancing the ranking quality of recommended items in user lists while ensuring interpretability. It introduces fuzzy membership functions to measure user attributes on a multi-dimensional item label vector and calculates user similarity based on these features for prediction and recommendation. Additionally, the user similarity network is modeled to extract community information, leading to the design of a set of corresponding recommendation algorithms. Experimental results on two commonly used datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in enhancing list ranking quality, reducing prediction errors, and maintaining recommendation diversity and accurate user preference classification. This research highlights the potential of integrating heuristic methods with complex network theory and fuzzy techniques to enhance recommendation system performance with interpretability in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of high‐performance and stable pure red perovskite light‐emitting devices (LEDs) promotes commercialization of perovskite. Benefiting from the quantum confinement effect, pure red CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) can avoid the color drift issue for mixed halide systems. Herein, a facile temperature‐dependent hot‐injection method combined with low temperature gradient centrifugation is employed to prepare 5.60 ± 0.05 nm pure red QDs. The QDs exhibit 642 nm photoluminescence (PL) with 37 nm full width at half maximum, and their Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates located at (0.708, 0.292) match well with standard pure red for Rec. 2020. The PL half‐lifetime for pure red QDs solution is 210 days under ambient conditions, and both the X and Y coordinates of CIE only fluctuate within (0.002, 0.002). Finally, a simple NH4I post‐treatment to decrease ligand length further boosts the QDs conductivity, and the pure red LED exhibits 9.4% maximum external quantum efficiency. The electroluminescence spectra exhibits a sharp peak at 645 nm, and their CIE coordinates are located at (0.707, 0.290). Furthermore, the pure red LED exhibits both good working and color stability. Its half‐lifetime is 25.1 min and color drifts are only (0.002, 0.002) after 30.0 min of continuous working at 60 cd m−2 with a constant current density of 3.5 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how informal relationships such as Wasta operate in different cultures is necessary for multinationals to thrive. However, studies on the effect of such networks on multinationals' activities in Arab countries remain limited. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of informal inter-organizational business relationships on the satisfaction and performance of firms in Arab Maghreb countries. This research is based on a self-administered survey with 534 procurement managers from Morocco (n = 220), Algeria (n = 148) and Tunisia (n = 166). We used structural equations to test our hypotheses. The results showed that Wasta has almost the same effect on interorganizational relationship in the three Maghreb countries. Specifically, Mojamala (affection) does not influence the satisfaction of the B2B relationship within the three counties under study, while Hamola (reciprocity) and Somah (trust) positively influence this relationship. The analysis showed that the negative side of Somah has a negative influence on satisfaction only in Algeria. The results also showed that satisfaction positively influences the performance of Maghrebian B2B partners. These results show that the phenomenon of Wasta is rooted in the cultures of the Maghreb countries and underscore the need to conduct further studies to understand it and to raise awareness among multinationals that plan to do business with the local partners or those who are planning to relocate. Implications for IB, theory and policy are discussed together with the study's limitations and suggestions for future research. Through this study, we contribute to the development of research on cross-culture management by showing the effect of Wasta as a cultural phenomenon on business relations in the Maghreb countries. Our research is the first to investigate the effect of the informal interorganizational relationship on the satisfaction and performance of B2B partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report a case of seizure and rapidly progressive cognitive impairment 20 min after intravenous administration of levofloxacin. Case summary: A 56-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with episodic unconsciousness and unresponsiveness. About 4 days ago, she experienced a loss of consciousness, fell to the floor, and yelled for 2 min, 20 min before the first intravenous dose of levofloxacin. The patient developed symptoms of cognitive impairment after the seizure. Levofloxacin is a synthetic third generation fluoroquinolone used to treat various infectious diseases. Upon admission, the patient was conscious and unresponsive. After 11 days of symptomatic and supportive treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital with cognition restored to baseline level and no recurrence of seizures 10 months after discharge. Discussion: Epilepsy is a rare adverse reaction to levofloxacin treatment. The patient in this case had infection-related signs before the onset of the disease, and the disease progressed rapidly with fluctuating changes. After ruling out degenerative, infectious, toxic, and autoimmune causes, the patient's symptoms may be attributed to levofloxacin, and this is the first case of seizure and rapidly progressive cognitive impairment after levofloxacin injection reported in the literature. Clinicians should be aware that unexplained, rapidly progressing cognitive impairment with infection-related signs before onset may be a rare side effect of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, the study of the effect of Islamic values on management has been of interest to researchers. However, the study of the impact of these values on human resources management remains limited. The objective of this article is to shed light on the human resource management practices of Muslim immigrants settled in Quebec City. To achieve this objective, we conducted a qualitative study of the impact of the Muslim religion on human resources management in grocery stores located in the national capital. The results show that the values of the Muslim religion influence the behavior of grocery store owners, which in turn influences human resource management practices. This research contributes to the development of cross-cultural management research by showing how Islamic values influence human resource management practices in a different cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is becoming increasingly evident that key mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) efficacy appear to associate with paracrine activities, and the delivery of cargos through extracellular vesicles (EVs) controls the mechanistic actions of MSCs. Thus, this study clarified a possible mechanism by which EV-encapsulated NEAT1 from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) might mediate gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer (PCa). Microarray profile suggested a differentially expressed lncRNA NEAT1 in PCa, and we determined its expression in PCa cells. NEAT1 was found to be upregulated in PCa. The binding affinity among NEAT1, miR-491-5p, and Snail was identified through bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. NEAT1 competitively bound to miR-491-5p to elevate Snail expression and diminish SOCS3 expression. PCa cells were cocultured with EVs extracted from ADSCs, followed by assessment of malignant phenotypes, tumorigenesis, and gemcitabine resistance of PCa cells using gain- or loss-of-function experiments. ADSC-derived EVs carrying NEAT1 promoted PCa cell proliferation, migration, and gemcitabine resistance in vitro and enhanced tumorigenicity in vivo by inhibiting miR-491-5p and SOCS3 and upregulating Snail. Collectively, the findings from our study found a new potential strategy for gemcitabine resistance in PCa by illustrating the mechanistic insights of oncogenic ADSC-derived EVs-loaded NEAT1 via regulating the miR-491-5p/Snail/SOCS3 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a thousand years, many ancient cements have remained durable despite long-term exposure to atmospheric or humid agents. This review paper summarizes technologies of worldwide ancient architectures which have shown remarkable durability that has preserved them over thousands of years of constant erosion. We aim to identify the influence of organic and inorganic additions in altering cement properties and take these lost and forgotten technologies to the production frontline. The types of additions were usually decided based on the local environment and purpose of the structure. The ancient Romans built magnificent structures by making hydraulic cement using volcanic ash. The ancient Chinese introduced sticky rice and other local materials to improve the properties of pure lime cement. A variety of organic and inorganic additions used in traditional lime cement not only changes its properties but also improves its durability for centuries. The benefits they bring to cement may also be useful in enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) and microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) fields. For instance, sticky rice has been confirmed to play a crucial role in regulating calcite crystal growth and providing interior hydrophobic conditions, which contribute to improving the strength and durability of EICP- and MICP-treated samples in a sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of the third edition, the WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid disorders has introduced the disease entity of 'myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and PDGFRB rearrangement', in which the most common chromosomal abnormality is t(5;12) (q32;p13.2), and this abnormality generates the ETV6::PDGFRB fusion gene. However, there have been patients with hematologic features and chromosomal abnormalities that are extremely similar to those carrying ETV6::PDGFRB fusion. These rare disorders harbor ETV6::ACSL6 fusion, and only sporadic cases have been reported at present. We report a patient with chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) carrying chromosome translocation t(5;12)(q32;p13.2), and we present the clinical features. In addition, we conducted a literature review to collect all reported cases and summarized the genetic and clinical profiling as well as the treatments and outcomes. In addition to our patient, a total of 19 cases have been previously reported, including 6 variants of ETV6::ACSL6 and 3 reciprocals. We identified a novel variant of the ETV6::ACSL6 transcript in our patient, and the breakpoint was flanked by exon 2 of ETV6 and exon 2 of ACSL6. The cellular morphology features consisted of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN); myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN), specifically CEL; and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). The treatments and outcomes varied greatly depending on the type of disease, although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were not effective. In contrast to neoplasms with ETV6::PDGFRB fusion, myeloid neoplasms with ETV6::ACSL6 fusion have unique characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium oxide (MgO) films have been prepared by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition with bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesium precursor and oxygen plasma reactant at substrate temperature between 150 °C and 450 °C. The structural, morphological, optical, and chemical properties of the prepared MgO films were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometer, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical property of MgO film was obtained by performing capacitance-voltage measurement on the Al/MgO/Si structures. The experiment result shows that growth rate of MgO film decreases with the deposition temperature increased. GIXRD analysis presented that MgO films are cubic with predominantly (220) crystal orientation. XPS analysis shows that ratio of Mg/O is highest in MgO film prepared at 350 °C. To illustrate the possible applications of MgO film as a gate dielectric in thin film transistor (TFT), indium‑gallium‑zinc oxide (IGZO) was used as channel layer. The optimized IGZO/MgO TFT showed an electron mobility of 1.63 cm2/Vs, an on/off current ratio of 106, and a subthreshold swing of 0.50 V/decade at a low operation voltage of −0.11 V. • MgO films have been prepared by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. • High dielectric constant of 8.7 of MgO film prepared at 350 C is demonstrated. • MgO film grown at 350 °C supply a hopeful pathway towards high performance IGZO TFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slope One algorithm and its descendants measure user-score distance and use the statistical score distance between users to predict unknown ratings, as opposed to the typical collaborative filtering algorithm that uses similarity for neighbor selection and prediction. Compared to collaborative filtering systems that select only similar neighbors, algorithms based on user-score distance typically include all possible related users in the process, which needs more computation time and requires more memory. To improve the scalability and accuracy of distance-based recommendation algorithm, we provide a user-item link prediction approach that combines user distance measurement with similarity-based user selection. The algorithm predicts unknown ratings based on the filtered users by calculating user similarity and removing related users with similarity below a threshold, which reduces 26 to 29 percent of neighbors and improves prediction error, ranking, and prediction accuracy overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a multibranch network to study high-level semantic features. In addition to emphasizing the appearance area of each instance in an image, feature propagation based on a pose graph is further adopted to consider the features of correlation between different body parts. Furthermore, a branch refines and captures the relationship between human parts and an object using a human pose. [Display omitted] • We utilize GCN to obtain the fine-grained correlation features between body parts. • We utilize feature propagation to obtain features between body parts and objects. • The attention mechanism focuses on the body parts contributing more to HOI. The detection of interactions between humans and objects is one of the core issues in the area of scene understanding in image analysis. The conventional method is to pair the human body with the object as an entity and pay attention to the human spatial area and object. However, this method does not consider two key aspects: humans use certain body parts to interact with objects, and correlations exist between different body parts. Thus, in this paper, we propose a pose graph parsing network (PGPN) for human-object interaction detection. Specifically, we construct a multibranch network to study high-level semantic features. In addition to emphasizing the appearance area of each instance in an image, feature propagation based on a pose graph is further adopted to consider the features of correlation between different body parts. Furthermore, a branch refines and captures the relationship between human parts and an object using a human pose. We validate this approach on the V-COCO and HICO-DET datasets and compare it with the state-of-the-arts. In comparison to other models, the PGPN superior and significantly improves the performance of human-object interaction detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the rice harvesting process of combine harvester, it is necessary to adjust the working parameters of the threshing device in time according to working conditions to ensure operational efficiency and performance. This paper designs a variable diameter threshing drum, develops a device for diameter regulation with self‐locking function, and its installation process and working principle are introduced in detail. A force analysis and modal analysis were carried out on the device for diameter adjustment of variable diameter threshing drum. It aims to ensure that the design dimensions of the constant speed spiral disc and claws in the device for diameter adjustment are in compliance with the self‐locking conditions, and effectively ensure the reliability of the device for diameter adjustment. A field experiment was carried out to check the reliability of the developed system. A regression analysis model takes the feeding rate, threshing gap and drum speed as influencing factors. The grain separation loss rate and damage rate as performance indexes were established, and calculations for multiple target optimization were performed. The experimental results showed that the threshing gap could be adjusted in real time according to the different feeding rates of the variable diameter threshing drum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis (OP) is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone density, alterations in bone microstructure, and increased damage to the bones. As the population ages and life expectancy increases, OP has become a global epidemic, drawing attention from scientists and doctors. Because of polyphenols have favorable antioxidant and anti-allergy effects, which are regarded as potential methods to prevent angiocardipathy and OP. Polyphenols offer a promising approach to preventing and treating OP by affecting bone metabolism, reducing bone resolution, maintaining bone density, and lowering the differentiation level of osteoclasts (OC). There are multiple ways in which polyphenols affect bone metabolism. This article provides an overview of how polyphenols inhibit oxidative stress, exert antibacterial effects, and prevent the occurrence of OP. Furthermore, we will explore the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways implicated in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gap between concave grid and drum, the threshing gap, is one of the important operating parameters that affects the performance of threshing devices. The different methods currently adopted on combine harvesters to adjust both the drum and the concave, results in concentric and non-concentric threshing gaps that have different influence on e threshing performance. The threshing process is complex, therefore, in order to analyse the influence of the threshing gap on performance, flexible rice straw models were built using the discrete element method to simulate the threshing processes of the two adjustment methods. Their respective movements, separation status and the distribution of the mixture of the threshed output were examined. Simulation results indicated that over the same time, drum adjustment produced better material separation and transportation capabilities and more evenly distributed output mixture in the reception box, compared with the concave adjustment. A threshing experiment on a combine harvester was performed in order to verify the simulation result and the output mixture distribution status was found to be consistent with the results of the simulations. The experimental results showed that threshing was more effectively improved by changing the threshing drum diameter although the threshing gap was more complicated to adjust. • Concentric and non-concentric threshing gap adjustment methods were compared. • DEM simulated the threshing process of the two threshing gap adjustment methods. • Flexible wheat straw model used based on the Hertz-Mindlin with bonding model. • Analysis of movement, separation and distribution of the threshed mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on enhancing search result diversification by integrating intra-document interactions with inter-document interactions through a hierarchical attention framework. It mentions by modeling document content from multi-grained perspectives and incorporating passage-aware document-subtopic interactions, the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance in accurately measuring subtopic coverage, improving users' search experience.

The link prediction aims at predicting missing or future links in networks, which provides theoretical significance and extensive applications in the related field. However, the degree of confidence in the prediction results has not been fully discussed in related works. In this article, we propose a similarity confidence coefficient and a confidence measure for link prediction. The former is used to balance the reliability of similarity calculation results, which might be untrustworthy due to the information asymmetry in the calculation, and also makes it easier to achieve the optimal accuracy with a smaller number of neighbors. The latter is used to quantify our confidence in the prediction results of each prediction. The experimental results based on the Movie-Lens data set show that prediction accuracy is improved when the similarity between the nodes is corrected by the similarity confidence coefficient. Second, the experiments also confirm that the confidence degree of the link prediction results can be measured quantitatively. Our research indicates that the confidence level on each prediction is determined by the amount of data used in the corresponding calculation, which can be measured quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CsPbBr 3 microcavities with different kind of morphology were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method. • The size and density of micron hemispheres and microplates were modulated by alternating the deposition rate. • The crystallization mechanism of CsPbBr 3 microcavities fabricated by CVD was revealed. • Application prospect of different types of microcavity in lasers was investigated. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique is widely used in industry for growing perovskite materials with high crystalline quality and low defect density. However, the underlying crystallization mechanism of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites during the implementation of the CVD process has not been clearly revealed. Under this direction, in this work, hemispheric, rod-shaped, plate-shaped, triangular pyramid-shaped, and irregular-shaped, etc. cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr 3) perovskite microcavities were obtained by adjusting the local temperature distribution, substrate types, deposition position, carrier gas flow rate (CGFR), and air pressure within the tube furnace. The crystallization mechanism for the CsPbBr 3 microcavity growth with different shapes, densities, and sizes was investigated. It can be seen from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that micron hemispheres can be obtained at 5.5 to 6.5 cm (1 0 0) Si substrates at standard atmospheric pressure and high deposition temperatures. On the contrary, at low deposition temperatures, microrods, microplates, and microcuboids can be fabricated on the (1 1 1) Si, (1 0 0) Si, and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, respectively, without carrier gas flow and air pressure. We can also modulate the size of the micron hemispheres and microplates by altering the deposition position and CGFR. Moreover, the lasing characteristics of the microplate, microrod, and microcuboid were examined by photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements. Our work provided a feasible method to control the crystal sizes, cavity shapes, and optical properties for the development of various types of lead halide perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at analyzing the effects of religion on national innovation. Using data from 77 countries, we conduct a cross-national investigation into the effects of religiosity, religious affiliations, religious fractionalization (religious diversity), and communist heritage on the national innovation capability. The analyses show that religiosity has a significantly negative association with the national innovation capability even after controlling for the effects of socioeconomic development. Further analyses show that Protestant and Buddhist affiliations are positively while communist heritage is negatively associated with national innovation capability. The analyses do not show any significant relationships between religious fractionalization and national innovation capability. In the end, the findings are discussed, and avenues for future research are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a new 3D POMOF [{Cl4Cu10(pz)11}{As2W18O62}]·1.5H2O (pz = pyrazine) (1) has been synthesized using a hydrothermal reaction, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR, TG, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, XPS, BET analysis and XRD. Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that compound 1 consists of the classical Wells–Dawson [As2W18O62]6− polyoxoanion and {Cl4Cu10(pz)11} complexes. Compound 1 possesses two different channels which form a 3D topology framework with the Schläfli symbol of {3·4·56·67}2{3·46·53}2{32·42·56·65}. Additionally, compound 1 shows photoluminescence properties and excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB dye under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic reaction kinetics and mechanism have been also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel POMOF based on Wells–Dawson arsenomolybdate (AM), with the formula [{Cu(btp)2}3{As2Mo18O62}] (btp = 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane) (1), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, XPS, PXRD, TG analysis, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and BET analysis. It is interesting that the [As2Mo18O62]6− polyoxoanion as a hexa-connector is encapsulated with {Cu-btp} complexes to form a 3D POMOF. The 3D topological network has the Schläfli symbol of {46·55·62·72}3{46·56·73}. Compound 1 shows excellent stability in air, different pH aqueous solutions and common organic solvents. Compound 1 also exhibits fluorescence properties and efficient and stable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB and RhB under UV irradiation. In addition, the electrochemical performance of the designed Wells–Dawson AM as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has also been evaluated. For the 1st cycle, the reversible capacity of compound 1 is about 1050 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and is maintained at around 870 mA h g−1 after 240 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arsenomolybdates [H2As2Mo6O26(H2O)]·(H2biyb)2· 2H2O (1) and [H3As2Mo6O26]·(H3pt)2 (2) [biyb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, pt = 4'-(3"-pyridyl)-2,3':6'3"-terpyridine] were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The structures of the compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and TG analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit two isomeric forms of [HxAs2Mo6O26](6-x)-. The structure of 1 is constructed from the B-type [H2As2Mo6O26(H2O)]4- poly-anions and free biyb ligands via weak interactions to form 3D supramolecular framework with a {3·4·5³·6}{3·4³·5²}{3·5·6}2{3·5²}² topology structure. In compound 2, the A-type [H3As2Mo6O26]3- clusters are surrounded by pt ligands through hydrogen bond interactions forming 3D supramolecular framework with a {4³·6³}²{46·66·8³} topology structure. The electrochemical behaviors, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activities of 1 and 2 are detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two Wells –Dawson-type arsenomolybdates, formulated as [Cu(pyr)2]6[As2Mo18O62] (1) and [Ag(pyr)2]6[As2Mo18O62] (2) (pyr = pyrazole), were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopies, XPS, XRD, and TG analysis. The structural analysis indicated that compounds 1 and 2 were isomorphic. They are the first reported 3D honeycomb structures of Wells–Dawson-type arsenomolybdates. The [M(pyr)2] (M = Cu and Ag) connected with [As2Mo18O62]6− polyoxoanions to form the {812·123}{8}3 topological structure. The contributions of organic ligands, pH value, reaction temperature, and transition-metal (TM) to the construction of 3D networks were elucidated. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited fluorescence properties in the solid state at room temperature, highly efficient catalytic ability for the degradation of five organic dyes (MB, RhB, MO, AP, and CR) under UV irradiation, and obvious electrocatalytic activities for the reduction of H2O2. The mechanisms of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis have also been discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, finite-time robust control problems are investigated for Takagi– Sugeno fuzzy descriptor systems. We provide a novel sufficient condition for robust finite-time admissibility of Takagi– Sugeno fuzzy descriptor systems, involving a group of coupled linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which guarantee dissipative performance, reduce conservativeness and improve LMIs forms. Second, corresponding controllers are developed based on both parallel distributed compensation and non-parallel distributed compensation. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of organic–inorganic hybrid compounds, [{Cu(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H2O)2}2{H2As2Mo6O26}] (1), [{Cu (biim)2}2{HAs2Mo6O26}{Cu(biim)Cl}]·H2O (2), (H2bib)[{Cu(H2O)2(bib)}{H2As2Mo6O26}]·2H2O (3), [{(Hbix)Cu(bix)0.5}2{As2Mo6O26}]·2H2O (4), [{Cu(bmb)1.5(H2O)}2{H2As2Mo6O26}]·2H2O (5), 0 and [{Cu2(bth)4}{H2As2Mo6O26}]·H2O (6) (4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine; biim = biimidazole; bib = 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene; bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene; bmb = 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)benzene; bth = 1,6-bis(1,2,4-triazol-lyl)hexane), were hydro-thermally synthesized and structurally characterized via elemental analysis, TG, IR, XPS, XRD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures 1–6 are formed by metal–organic complexes and the [HxAs2Mo6O26](6−x)− cluster. Compounds 1–2 feature infinite 1D-chain structures. Compounds 3–5 form 2D-layer structures in which Cu cations are five-, six-coordinated with polyoxoanions and organic ligands. Notably, compound 6 introduces the POM system into a metal–organic framework (MOF) to form a unique POMOF {42·611·82}{42·64}{44·69·7·8} topological structure. The coordination modes of the [HxAs2Mo6O26](6−x)− cluster in compounds 2, 5 and 6 are reported for the first time. The photocatalytic properties of 1–6 are studied for the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) under UV light. In addition, all the compounds exhibit good electrocatalytic performances for the reduction of nitrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exactly solving the absolute minimum potential energy state (Lorenz reference state) is a difficult problem because of the nonlinear nature of the equation of state of seawater. This problem has been solved recently but the algorithm comes at a high computational cost. As the first part of this study, the authors develop an algorithm that is ~103-105 times faster, making it useful for energy diagnosis in ocean models. The second part of this study shows that the global patterns of Lorenz available potential energy (APE) density are distinct from those of eddy kinetic energy (EKE). This is because the Lorenz APE density is based on the entire domainwide parcel rearrangement, while mesoscale eddies, if related to baroclinic instability, are typically generated through local parcel rearrangement approximately around the eddy size. Inspired by this contrast, this study develops a locally defined APE framework: the eddy size-constrained APE density based on the strong constraint that the parcel rearrangement/displacement to achieve the minimum potential energy state should not exceed the local eddy size horizontally. This concept typically identifies baroclinically unstable regions. It is shown to be helpful to detect individual eddies/vortices and local EKE patterns, for example, around the Southern Ocean fronts and subtropical western boundary currents. This is consistent with the physical picture that mesoscale eddies are associated with a strong signature in both the velocity field (i.e., EKE) and the stratification (i.e., local APE). The new APE concept may be useful in parameterizing mesoscale eddies in ocean models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging pollutant, the transport behavior of colloidal microplastic particles (CMPs) in saturated porous media may be affected by the simultaneous presence of other substances in the natural environment. In this study, colloidal polystyrene microplastic particles (PSMPs) were selected as the representative of CMPs to investigate the cotransport behaviors of CMPs in the presence of humic acid (HA) under varied environmental conditions (ionic strength: 1, 100 mM KCl; HA concentration: 0, 5, 10, 20 mg⋅L−1) in porous media. The presence of HA with different concentrations was found to increase the mobility of 1.0-μm and 0.2-μm CMPs in porous media in a non-linear and non-monotonic manner. Furthermore, the HA-facilitated transport of CMPs occurred under both electrostatically unfavorable and favorable attachment conditions (limited to the conditions examined in this study, corresponding to 1 and 100 mM KCl, respectively). The transport behavior of the smaller-sized CMPs (0.2-μm CMPs) was more sensitive to the change of ionic strength and the presence of HA than that of the larger-sized CMPs (1.0-μm CMPs). The cotransport process of CMPs and HA was affected by many factors. Modeling results showed that a small amount of competitive blocking occurred during the cotransport process. Moreover, both the presence of HA and change in ionic strength could affect the surface properties of CMPs. Thus, the cotransport behavior of CMPs with HA was different from the transport of individual CMPs in porous media. Experimental results revealed that HA induced complexity in the transport behavior of CMPs in the aqueous environment. Therefore, undeniably, a lot more systematic explorations are further demanded to better comprehend the CMPs cotransport mechanism in the presence of other substances. [Display omitted] • The presence of HA facilitated the transport of CMPs in porous media. • A weak competitive blocking occurred during the cotransport of CMPs and HA. • Smaller-size CMPs were more sensitive to changes induced by HA and ionic strength. • HA, ionic strength, and particle size could affect the retention behavior of CMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous observations and simulations suggest that an approximate 3°-5°C warming occurred at intermediate depths in the North Atlantic over several millennia during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1), which induces warm salty water (WSW) lying beneath surface cold freshwater. This arrangement eventually generates ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), the maximum potential energy releasable by adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements in an ocean column. The authors find that basin-scale OCAPE starts to appear in the North Atlantic (~67.5°-73.5°N) and builds up over decades at the end of HS1 with a magnitude of about 0.05 J kg−1. OCAPE provides a key kinetic energy source for thermobaric cabbeling convection (TCC). Using a high-resolution TCC-resolved regional model, it is found that this decadal-scale accumulation of OCAPE ultimately overshoots its intrinsic threshold and is released abruptly (~1 month) into kinetic energy of TCC, with further intensification from cabbeling. TCC has convective plumes with approximately 0.2-1-km horizontal scales and large vertical displacements (~1 km), which make TCC difficult to be resolved or parameterized by current general circulation models. The simulation herein indicates that these local TCC events are spread quickly throughout the OCAPE-contained basin by internal wave perturbations. Their convective plumes have large vertical velocities (~8-15 cm s−1) and bring the WSW to the surface, causing an approximate 2°C sea surface warming for the whole basin (~700 km) within a month. This exposes a huge heat reservoir to the atmosphere, which helps to explain the abrupt Bølling-Allerød warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional bipolar differential amplifiers have only a \pm 5\text-\textmV operational range with nonlinear distortion below 0.1 dB. In this paper, a linearization technique based on neural-network training algorithm is proposed to expand this 0.1-dB linear region to a much wider \pm 200\-\textmV range. Compared with the traditional and recent state-of-the-art techniques for linearization, where gain or noise performance is always being tradeoff for high linearity, the proposed technique leads to the increase in the amplifier’s gain with low noise. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that it is implemented using a simple, paralleled structure that leads to a smaller area and less power consumption than other linearization schemes. The design procedure also enables a completely customizable solution based on required linear range, ripples, and the number of available transistors. The experimental results show that the proposed linearized amplifier has a very good linearity and is capable of wide bandwidth, good gain, and low-noise performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The energetics of thermobaricity- and cabbeling-powered deep convection occurring in oceans with cold freshwater overlying warm salty water are investigated here. These quasi-two-layer profiles are widely observed in wintertime polar oceans. The key diagnostic is the ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), a concept introduced in a companion piece to this paper (Part I). For an isolated ocean column, OCAPE arises from thermobaricity and is the maximum potential energy (PE) that can be converted into kinetic energy (KE) under adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements. This study explores the KE budget of convection using two-dimensional numerical simulations and analytical estimates. The authors find that OCAPE is a principal source for KE. However, the complete conversion of OCAPE to KE is inhibited by diabatic processes. Further, this study finds that diabatic processes produce three other distinct contributions to the KE budget: (i) a sink of KE due to the reduction of stratification by vertical mixing, which raises water column's center of mass and thus acts to convert KE to PE; (ii) a source of KE due to cabbeling-induced shrinking of the water column's volume when water masses with different temperatures are mixed, which lowers the water column's center of mass and thus acts to convert PE into KE; and (iii) a reduced production of KE due to diabatic energy conversion of the KE convertible part of the PE to the KE inconvertible part of the PE. Under some simplifying assumptions, the authors also propose a theory to estimate the maximum depth of convection from an energetic perspective. This study provides a potential basis for improving the convection parameterization in ocean models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermobaric convection (type II convection) and thermobaric cabbeling (type III convection) might substantially contribute to vertical mixing, vertical heat transport, and deep-water formation in the World Ocean. However, the extent of this contribution remains poorly constrained. The concept of ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), the thermobaric energy source for type II and type III convection, is introduced to improve the diagnosis and prediction of these convection events. OCAPE is analogous to atmospheric CAPE, which is a key energy source for atmospheric moist convection and has long been used to forecast moist convection. OCAPE is the potential energy (PE) stored in an ocean column arising from thermobaricity, defined as the difference between the PE of the ocean column and its minimum possible PE under adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements. An ocean column may be stably stratified and still have nonzero OCAPE. The authors present an efficient strategy for computing OCAPE accurately for any given column of seawater. They further derive analytical expressions for OCAPE for approximately two-layer ocean columns that are widely observed in polar oceans. This elucidates the dependence of OCAPE on key physical parameters. Hydrographic profiles from the winter Weddell Sea are shown to contain OCAPE (0.001-0.01 J kg−1), and scaling analysis suggests that OCAPE may be substantially enhanced by wintertime surface buoyancy loss. The release of this OCAPE may substantially contribute to the kinetic energy of deep convection in polar oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space‐based remote sensing of the column‐averaged methane dry air mole fraction (XCH4) has greatly increased our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns in the global methane cycle. The potential to retrieve multiple pieces of vertical profile information would further improve the quantification of CH4 across space‐time scales. We conduct information analysis for channel selection and evaluate the prospects of retrieving multiple pieces of information as well as total column CH4 from both ground‐based and space‐based near‐infrared remote sensing spectra. We analyze the degrees of freedom of signal (DOF) in the CH4 absorption bands near 2.3 μm and 1.6 μm and select ∼1% of the channels that contain >95% of the information about the CH4 profile. The DOF is around 4 for fine ground‐based spectra (resolution = 0.01 cm−1) and 3 for coarse space‐based spectra (resolution = 0.20 cm−1) based on channel selection and a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 300. The DOF varies from 2.2 to 3.2 when SNR is between 100 and 300, and spectral resolution is 0.20 cm−1. Simulated retrieval tests in clear‐sky conditions using the selected channels reveal that the retrieved partial column‐averaged CH4 values are not sensitive to the a priori profiles and can reflect local enhancements of CH4 in different partial air columns. Both the total and partial column‐averaged retrieval errors in all tests are within 1% of the true state. These simulated tests highlight the possibility to retrieve up to three to four pieces of information about the vertical distribution of CH4 in reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of repetitive work, low analysis efficiency, and error-prone, which exist in the conventional CAE dent resistance analysis of automobile covering parts, the process automation CAE sinking-resistance former processing platform was devised. It was developed under HyperWorks, with the utilization of the TCL/TK language platform, and based on the CAE analytic experience. A detail description of the system software development platform development language, and development process was given. Taking an example of the doors dent resistance analysis, comparisons of the pre- processing efficiency between process automation method and general way,the CAE sinking-resistance analysis results between experiment and simulation were made. The results indicate that the preprocessing efficiency increased by 92.8%, and provides professional, reliable, efficient pre-processing platform for CAE analyst, therefore it will greatly improves the efficiency of new car development, reduce artificial participation, and lower the error probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For nonlinear descriptor systems, this paper presents an approach to obtain a fuzzy controller with guaranteed finite-time stability and finite-time boundedness with non-zero initial state, which outperforms some recent work and additionally provides a precision estimation of model approximation. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions of finite-time stability and finite-time boundedness with non-zero initial state for nonlinear descriptor systems. Using Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy dynamic models and proposed sufficient conditions, we define fuzzy sets and use linear matrix inequalities to satisfy differential linear matrix inequalities. A simulation confirms efficiency and precision of the given method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recent observations suggest that the export of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) from the Weddell Sea has a seasonal cycle in its temperature and salinity that is correlated with annual wind stress variations. This variability has been attributed to annual vertical excursions of the isopycnals in the Weddell Gyre, modifying the water properties at the depth of the Orkney Passage. Recent studies attribute these variations to locally wind-driven barotropic dynamics in the northern Weddell Sea boundary current. This paper explores an alternative mechanism in which the isopycnals respond directly to surface Ekman pumping, which is coupled to rapidly responding mesoscale eddy buoyancy fluxes near the gyre boundary. A conceptual model of the interface that separates Weddell Sea Deep Water from Circumpolar Deep Water is described in which the bounding isopycnal responds to a seasonal oscillation in the surface wind stress. Different parameterizations of the mesoscale eddy diffusivity are tested. The model accurately predicts the observed phases of the temperature and salinity variability in relationship to the surface wind stress. The model, despite its heavy idealization, also accounts for more than 50% of the observed oscillation amplitude, which depends on the strength of the seasonal wind variability and the parameterized eddy diffusivity. These results highlight the importance of mesoscale eddies in modulating the export of AABW in narrow boundary layers around the Antarctic margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the practical stability (PS) and finite-time stability (FTS) for fuzzy descriptor systems with uncertainties of unknown bound. For such nonlinear descriptor systems, novel sufficient conditions of PS and FTS are established. When the descriptor systems follow the proposed theorems, PS and FTS can be obtained alternatively. Meanwhile, with linear matrix inequalities used, we devise practical and finite-time adaptive controllers for fuzzy descriptor systems, partially based on the parallel-distributed compensation (PDC) and non-PDC. Furthermore, numerical examples on feasible region and controllers applied to inverted pendulum model are presented to confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barrett's esophagus is an increasingly common disease that is strongly associated with reflux of stomach acid and usually a hiatus hernia, and it strongly predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a tumor with a very poor prognosis. We report the first genome-wide association study on Barrett's esophagus, comprising 1,852 UK cases and 5,172 UK controls in the discovery stage and 5,986 cases and 12,825 controls in the replication stage. Variants at two loci were associated with disease risk: chromosome 6p21, rs9257809 (Pcombined = 4.09 × 10?9; odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.13-1.28), within the major histocompatibility complex locus, and chromosome 16q24, rs9936833 (Pcombined = 2.74 × 10?10; OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10-1.19), for which the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1, which is implicated in esophageal development and structure. We found evidence that many common variants of small effect contribute to genetic susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and that SNP alleles predisposing to obesity also increase risk for Barrett's esophagus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A railway wheelset is subject to normal wear due to large part to friction contact between the wheelset and the rail. Because the wear of wheelset will bring the hidden security troubles to the operation of the railway, it is very important to measure the wheelset''s geometrical parameters, especially the flange thickness. The optoelectronic method is proposed and can dynamically measure the flange thickness on line. Fast Fourier transform and wavelet analysis methods are used to denoise the sensor''s signals. It is found that the wavelet transform produces a much better way of denoising of the signals compared with the fast Fourier transform. Comparisons of the flange thickness measurement with the wheelset creeping and the optoelectronic system are presented. The root-mean-square errors of the flange thickness with the manual measurement with the wheelset creeping and the optoelectronic method measurement with the wavelet analysis are 0.22 and 0.18, respectively. The changing range of manual measurement is much larger than that of the optoelectronic method because of the difference between every operator''s measuring standard. Measurement results of the optoelectronic method show that the system has better repeatability and reliability compared to the manual measurement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A copper-complex fragments-substituted β-octamolybdate, K2[{Cu(phen)}4Mo6O22][Mo8O26]·2H3O (1) (phen=1,10-phenanthroline), has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized for the first time. Compound 1 is constructed from transition-metal-substituted dilacunary β-octamolybdate fragment [{Cu(phen)}4Mo6O22] and [β-Mo8O26]4− cluster to form one-dimensional (1D) linear chain. Furthermore, magnetic measurements show weak ferromagnetic interactions for compound 1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The interface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) plays an important role in transferring and collecting charges. Interface defects are important factors affecting the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Here, the buried interface between SnO2 and the perovskite layer is bridged by two‐dimensional (2D) MBene, which improves charge transfer. MBene can deposit additional electrons on the surface of SnO2, passivate its surface defects and facilitate the charge collection. Moreover, the dipole moment formed at the interface increases the electron transfer ability in the PSCs. MBene also regulates the growth of perovskite crystals, improves the quality of perovskite films, and reduces its grain boundary defects. As a result, PSCs based on FA0.2MA0.8PbI3 and (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 get the enhanced efficiencies of 22.34 % and 24.32 % with negligible hysteresis. Furthermore, the optimized device exhibits better stability. This work opens up the application of MBene materials in PSCs, reveals a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind using 2D materials as an interface modification layer, and shows opportunities for using MBene as potential material in photoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) plays an important role in transferring and collecting charges. Interface defects are important factors affecting the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Here, the buried interface between SnO2 and the perovskite layer is bridged by two‐dimensional (2D) MBene, which improves charge transfer. MBene can deposit additional electrons on the surface of SnO2, passivate its surface defects and facilitate the charge collection. Moreover, the dipole moment formed at the interface increases the electron transfer ability in the PSCs. MBene also regulates the growth of perovskite crystals, improves the quality of perovskite films, and reduces its grain boundary defects. As a result, PSCs based on FA0.2MA0.8PbI3 and (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 get the enhanced efficiencies of 22.34 % and 24.32 % with negligible hysteresis. Furthermore, the optimized device exhibits better stability. This work opens up the application of MBene materials in PSCs, reveals a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind using 2D materials as an interface modification layer, and shows opportunities for using MBene as potential material in photoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effect of polymer density and interfacial moisture on the bond behavior was evaluated. • Correlation between bond strength and microstructural features was analyzed. • Bond mechanism between self-expansion polymer and concrete was characterized. Polymer grouting technology is a new trenchless method to restore leakage and subsidence of underground concrete structures, and the bond between polymer and concrete is critical to estimate the deformation and ultimate conditions of the repaired structures. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a series of direct shear tests were used to evaluate the interfacial bond properties between self-expansion polymer and concrete. Based on the test results, the effect of polymer density, the strength of concrete, the moisture content of grouting interface before and after grouting on interfacial microstructure, failure mode, shear stress-slip curves, and bond capacity were evaluated and discussed. The results demonstrated that the polymer could infiltrate into the pores of the concrete grouting surface, the infiltrate value and the polymer strength increased with the amount of grouting and resulted in large bond strength. Pre-moistened the grouting surface reduce the polymer migration into the irregularities of the concrete substrate and affect chemical reactions, show un-full filled pores of the interface and increased the diameter of the polymer cells around the interface, which is thought to exerts a negative influence on the bond behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]