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Dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche dédié à la vectorisation automatique des documents cartographiques anciens, les auteurs examinent les cartes comme des assemblages de signes conventionnels qui figurent le réel de manière à la fois partielle et partiale. Après un examen détaillé des difficultés que soulève l’interprétation des documents et des ambiguïtés qu’ils présentent, ils considèrent la catégorisation des données comme un point crucial et proposent une approche à la fois multiscalaire et interscalaire pour faciliter leur investigation. In the context of a research program dedicated to the automatic vectorisation of ancient cartographic documents, the authors examine maps as combinations of conventional symbols representing reality in a partial and biased way. After a detailed examination of the problems raised by the interpretation of documents and of the ambiguities they might contain, the authors consider the categorisation of the data as a crucial point and propose a multi-scalar and inter-scalar approach to facilitate their investigation.

International audience

International audience; Holocene climate variability in the Mediterranean Basin is often cited as a potential driver of societal change, but the mechanisms of this putative influence are generally little explored. In this paper we integrate two tools-agro-ecosystem modeling of potential agricultural yields and spatial analysis of archaeological settlement pattern data-in order to examine the human consequences of past climatic changes. Focusing on a case study in Provence (France), we adapt an agro-ecosystem model to the modeling of potential agricultural productivity during the Holocene. Calibrating this model for past crops and agricultural practices and using a downscaling approach to produce high spatiotemporal resolution paleoclimate data from a Mediterranean Holocene climate reconstruction, we estimate realistic potential agricultural yields under past climatic conditions. These serve as the basis for spatial analysis of archaeological settlement patterns, in which we examine the changing relationship over time between agricultural productivity and settlement location. Using potential agricultural productivity (PAgP) as a measure of the human consequences of climate changes, we focus on the relative magnitudes of 1) climate-driven shifts in PAgP and 2) the potential increases in productivity realizable through agricultural intensification. Together these offer a means of assessing the scale and mechanisms of the vulnerability and resilience of Holo-cene inhabitants of Provence to climate change. Our results suggest that settlement patterns were closely tied to PAgP throughout most of the Holocene, with the notable exception Citation: Contreras DA, Hiriart E, Bondeau A, Kirman A, Guiot J, Bernard L, et al. (2018) Regional paleoclimates and local consequences: Integrating GIS analysis of diachronic settlement patterns and process-based agroecosystem modeling of potential agricultural productivity in Provence (France) of the period from the Middle Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. This pattern does not appear to be linked to any climatically-driven changes in PAgP, and conversely the most salient changes in PAgP during the Holocene cannot be clearly linked to any changes in settlement pattern. We argue that this constitutes evidence that vulnerability and resilience to climate change are strongly dependent on societal variables.

Holocene climate variability in the Mediterranean Basin is often cited as a potential driver of societal change, but the mechanisms of this putative influence are generally little explored. In this paper we integrate two tools agro-ecosystem modeling of potential agricultural yields and spatial analysis of archaeological settlement pattern data in order to examine the human consequences of past climatic changes. Focusing on a case study in Provence (France), we adapt an agro-ecosystem model to the modeling of potential agricultural productivity during the Holocene. Calibrating this model for past crops and agricultural practices and using a downscaling approach to produce high spatiotemporal resolution paleoclimate data from a Mediterranean Holocene climate reconstruction, we estimate realistic potential agricultural yields under past climatic conditions. These serve as the basis for spatial analysis of archaeological settlement patterns, in which we examine the changing relationship over time between agricultural productivity and settlement location. Using potential agricultural productivity (PAgP) as a measure of the human consequences of climate changes, we focus on the relative magnitudes of 1) climate-driven shifts in PAgP and 2) the potential increases in productivity realizable through agricultural intensification. Together these offer a means of assessing the scale and mechanisms of the vulnerability and resilience of Holocene inhabitants of Provence to climate change. Our results suggest that settlement patterns were closely tied to PAgP throughout most of the Holocene, with the notable exception of the period from the Middle Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. This pattern does not appear to be linked to any climatically-driven changes in PAgP, and conversely the most salient changes in PAgP during the Holocene cannot be clearly linked to any changes in settlement pattern. We argue that this constitutes evidence that vulnerability and resilience to climate change are strongly dependent on societal variables.

L’objectif principal de cet article vise à décrire la mise en place d’une expertise sur les informations géographiques nécessaires à la prise en compte du risque d’inondation en Tunisie. Ce travail aborde les nouvelles formes de production d’informations géographiques liées au risque d’inondation dans ce pays en prenant en compte des contraintes posées par la faiblesse des archives cartographiques, le manque de cohérence des données, la diversité des acteurs intervenants et le chevauchement de leurs intérêts etc. Nos objectifs sont de mieux connaître les phénomènes, les aléas, les enjeux et de définir un niveau de la vulnérabilité au risque d’inondation. La démarche suivie vise alors à comprendre le fonctionnement du milieu et la mise en œuvre d’une méthode afin de gérer efficacement l’occupation des sols et de maîtriser l’extension urbaine dans les zones exposées en conciliant les impératifs de prévention et les besoins socio-économiques de développement. Ces idées supposent la réalisation de documents cartographiques adaptés, dont l’objectif est non seulement technique, mais également informatif et pédagogique., GéoDév.ma, Vol. 4 (2016)