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Abstract Organic aquaculture is a new approach in the modern farming system. As the capital investment is higher for setting up the organic aquaculture, it is essential to conduct an economic feasibility study with compare the conventional farming system. In the current study, economic feasibility of culturing Indian major carps (IMC) using conventional culture system and organic culture system (OCS) were evaluated. IMC was cultured for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019 in experimental ponds of 0.015 hectare (ha) area each. The crude protein content of the organic and conventional feed was maintained at the same iso-nitrogenous level (32% crude protein) but the highest production to the tune of 19 tons per ha was obtained in OCS. Further, in case of OCS, apart from fish production, vermicomposting to the tune of 45,000 kg ha−1 in the first year, and 90,000 kg ha−1 from second year onward is achievable by installing a vermicomposting unit of 200 tons annual capacity. Economic analysis of the culture systems assuming a project period of 10 years showed that the highest net present value (NPV) of 1.06 million USD, a payback period of one year and nine months and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 51% are achievable per ha of fish culture pond for OCS. Sensitivity analysis of various costs performed for OCS revealed that profitability of the organic fish farming investment is most sensitive to the total fish production and sale price of the organic fishes. In terms of production of fish and economics of organic culture system is proved to be the best available technique.

The significance of this study involves the optimisation of the aeration efficiency (AE) of the venturi aerator using an artificial neural network (ANN) technique integrated with an optimisation algorithm, i.e., particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). To optimise the effects of operational factors on aeration efficiency by utilising a venturi aeration system, aeration experiments were conducted in an experimental tank with dimensions of 90cm×55cm×45cm. The operating parameters of the venturi aerator include throat length (TL), effective outlet pipe (EOP), and flow rate (Q) to estimate the efficacy of the venturi aerator in terms of AE. A 3–6-1 ANN model was developed and integrated with the PSO and GA techniques to find out the best possible optimal operating variables of the venturi aerator. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) determined from the experimental and estimated data were used to assess and compare the performance of the ANN-PSO and ANN-GA modelling. It is shown that ANN-PSO provides a better result as compared to ANN-GA. The operational parameters, TL, EOP, and Q, were determined to have the most optimum values at 50 mm, 6 m, and 0.6 L/s, respectively. The optimised aeration efficiency of the venturi was found to be 0.105 kg O2/kWh at optimum operational circumstances. In fact, the neural network having an ideal design of (3-6-1) and a correlation coefficient value that is extremely close to unity has validated the results indicated above.

Aeration plays a crucial role in aquaculture to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in water, which is essential for supporting aquatic life. However, traditional aeration systems such as paddlewheel aerators or diffused air aerators often come with high energy consumption, frequent maintenance, and greater operational costs. To address these challenges, this research paper presents the development and evaluation of a more sustainable and cost-effective aerator, named the perforated pooled circular stepped cascade aerator (PPCSC), for intensive aquaculture. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a masonry tank to assess the performance of the PPCSC aerator with different bottom radii (Rb) and discharges (Q). The results showed that the highest standard aeration efficiency (SAE) of 4.564 ± 0.6662 kg O2/kWh was achieved with a bottom radii (Rb) of 0.75 m and a discharge (Q) of 0.016 m3/s. A developed regression model was found to effectively evaluate the standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and SAE for different Rb and Q values used in the PPCSC system. Both Rb and Q were found to significantly impact the SOTR and SAE of the PPCSC aerator. Overall, the PPCSC aerator is a promising option for small-scale tank-based intensive aquaculture due to its high performance and lower operational costs.

Artificial aeration system for aquaculture ponds becomes essential to meet the oxygen requirement posed by the aquatic species. The performance of an aerator is generally measured in terms of standard aeration efficiency (SAE), which is significantly affected by the different geometric and dynamic parameters of the aerator. Therefore, to enhance the aeration performance of an aerator, these parameters need to be optimized. In the present study, a perforated pooled circular stepped cascade (PPCSC) aerator was developed, and the geometric and dynamic parameters of the developed aerator were optimized using the hybrid ANN-PSO technique for maximizing its aeration efficiency. The geometric parameters include consecutive step width ratio (Wi-1/Wi) and the perforation diameter to the bottom-most radius ratio (d/Rb), whereas the dynamic parameter includes the water flow rate (Q). A 3–6-1 ANN model coupled with particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach was used to obtain the optimum values of geometric and dynamic parameters corresponding to the maximum SAE. The optimal values of the consecutive step width ratio (Wi-1/Wi), the perforation diameter to the bottom-most radius ratio (d/Rb), and the water flow rate (Q) for maximizing the SAE were found to be 1.15, 0.002 7 and 0.016 7 m3/s, respectively. The cross-validation results showed a deviation of 3.07 % between the predicted and experimental SAE values, thus confirming the adequacy of the proposed hybrid ANN-PSO technique.

In the present study, the artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) approach was adopted for optimizing the standard aeration efficiency (SAE) of the venturi aeration system. Standard aeration efficiency (SAE) is the main parameter which is used to evaluate the effectiveness of an aerator. Aeration test were carried out in a 220 litre capacity tank to find out the impacts of operating variables on SAE using venturi aeration system. The operating variable includes throat length (L), hole diameter (d), and flow rate (Q), however, the output variable was selected as SAE to determine the model response. A 3-6-1 ANN model was developed for predicting the SAE of venturi aeration system, and the PSO algorithm was applied to obtain the optimum values of the operating variables of venturi aeration system. The effectiveness of the ANN modelling was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) from the test data and forecasted data. The most appropriate optimal values of the operating variables i.e., L, d, and Q were found to be 1.82 mm, 2.00 mm, and 0.31 l/s, respectively. The optimal SAE under ideal working conditions was optimized to be 0.8333 kg O2/kWh. The applied ANN-PSO approaches can predict the optimal values satisfactorily with a maximum of 7.73% difference with the experimental values. Therefore, the suitability of the ANN-PSO approach can be useful to predict the aeration efficiency of venturi aeration system.

The showering aeration system (SAS) was designed and its performance was evaluated by conducting the aeration experiments in a tank of dimension 2 × 4 × 1.5 m. Initially, the aeration experiments were conducted to optimize the radius of curvature of the SAS with different values, such as = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm, and maintain other geometric parameters, i.e. number of holes in the shower (); height of water fall (H); diameter of the shower hole (d); volume of water under aeration (V) and water flow rate (Q) as constants. The optimum radius of curvature () was found to be 10 mm. The aeration experiments were further conducted with four different non-dimensional geometric parameters such as the number of holes , the ratio of the height of water fall to the length of shower arm the ratio of the diameter of the hole to the length of shower arm and the ratio of the volume of water to the cube of the length of shower arm The Response Surface Methodology and Box–Behnken Design were used to optimize the non-dimensional geometric parameters of the SAS to maximize the Non-Dimensional Standard Aeration Efficiency. The result indicates that the maximum NDSAE of 16.98 × 106 was obtained from the SAS performance at = 80; = 2; = 4 and = 48. HIGHLIGHT The optimized non-dimensional geometric parameters (H/l; d/l; V/l3; n) for the showering aeration system were experimentally validated, and the final NDSAE value was found to be 16.98 × 106 against the predicted NDSAE value of 17.70 × 106.;

Aeration experiments were conducted in a masonry tank to study the effects of operating parameters on the standard aeration efficiency (SAE) of a propeller diffused aeration (PDA) system. The operating parameters included the rotational speed of shaft (N), submergence depth (h), and propeller angle (α). The response surface methodology (RSM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used for modelling and optimizing the standard aeration efficiency (SAE) of a PDA system. The results of both approaches were compared for their modelling abilities in terms of coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE), computed from experimental and predicted data. ANN models were proved to be superior to RSM. The results indicate that for achieving the maximum standard aeration efficiency (SAE), N, h and α should be 1,000 rpm, 0.50 m, and 12°, respectively. The maximum SAE was found to be 1.711 kg O2/ kWh. Cross-validation results show that best approximation of the optimal values of input parameters for maximizing SAE is possible with a maximum deviation (absolute error) of ±15.2% between the model predicted and experimental values. HIGHLIGHTS Aeration characteristics of a propeller diffused aerator (PDA) were evaluated.; The response surface methodology (RSM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used for modelling and optimizing the standard aeration efficiency (SAE) of a PDA system.; The results of RSM and ANN were compared for their modelling abilities in terms of coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), computed from experimental and predicted data.;

The aquaculture industry will be crucial in helping the world's food supply and keep up with the demand. Aquaculture, like agriculture, must expand and develop sustainably in all the countries to keep up with the rising demand for food. To this end, the aquaculture industry has forged new scientific and technological frontiers in pursuit of long‐term food security. Among these is organic aquaculture, whose distinctive protocol has great potential to advance aquaculture. Organic aquaculture is being explored for multiple reasons, encompassing the aim to minimize environmental footprints, fulfill escalating consumer appetites for seafood, and contend within the industry this paper endeavors to address the gaps in current literature by offering an exhaustive overview of various aspects of organic aquaculture. This encompasses its regulation, production methods, food quality, environmental impact, economic viability, as well as socioeconomic and marketing aspects. It is necessary to acquire more knowledge about organic farming techniques before switching over to organic aquaculture on a large scale. Organic regulation, production, food quality, economic performance, and social and marketing issues are at the top. This review found that consumers lack understanding of organic principles, and regulations are inconsistently applied. However, organic aquaculture promotes social equality by protecting producers' rights to work without discrimination based on gender, race, or sexual orientation factors that ultimately boost the industry's popularity. Organic aquaculture viability varies depending on factors like feed costs, fixed expenses, and the premium pricing sensitivity, making it unfeasible for certain species. However, from both societal and economic standpoints, organic aquaculture appears most suitable for implementation in developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper communicates with the entropy generation analysis of Eyring Powell fluid flow through a microchannel in the thermal heat source coefficients. The dimensionless equations of the physical features along with the boundary conditions which are solved by using Homotopy analysis method. An expression of dimensionless velocity and dimensionless temperature are used to determination of the entropy generation number and bejan number explicitly. By using the analytical expression the thermal performances can be improved through the effects of magnetic field, viscous heating, joule heating and convective condition, futhermore it is explaining with graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI's incorporation into the teaching of English language is becoming more and more inevitable and is really transforming the education system. The evolving role of AI in the teaching of English has been studied in this paper which examines the current trends, points out the challenges, and outlines the future directions to a potential. AI-based instruments are adjusting the way learning is imparted by educators, as well as, the way students interact with language learning through adaptive learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and natural language processing applications. Yet, the use of AI in classrooms is hindered by many factors such as ethical issues, digital divide, and the necessity of teacher training in AI technologies. English language education has taken a new and innovative approach to it thus helping to realize better learning outcomes, as well as, accessibility. Through this study, we present a detailed analysis of the trends and challenges in the education sector with respect to Artificial Intelligence (AI). We further propose strategic pathways for organizations and individuals involved in teaching to utilize this technology effectively. In addressing the issues raised in this paper, we aim to contribute to a more inclusive and innovative approach to English language education which eventually will lead to better learning outcomes and greater accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the novel The Circle by Dave Eggers from 'reverse spectacle' perspective, which is an inherent mechanism of panopticism. Foucault elaborates on Bentham's panopticism and associates its function with reverse spectacle. Reverse spectacle is a mechanism by which a few people have complete surveillance over a majority, whereas in spectacle, a majority of people have surveillance over a few people. This mechanism is at work in the dystopian novel The Circle. The Circle, a reputed company, conducts surveillance of almost all people around the world with its digital dominance. The company gains supremacy due to its virtual dominance, and uses it to reverse the power structure in the real world. All this is made possible via constant surveillance by the small company over a larger community, i.e., the world. The modus operandi of the company is shown in the paper as an instance of reverse spectacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]