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Abstract Background By resolving complicated spectra from drug combinations, chemometric techniques are valuable for multi-component investigation. The capacity to properly estimate combinations of components without separating drugs from their mixture is one of the benefits of chemometric analysis approaches over traditional analytical methods. These approaches are easy to use and sensitive even to the lowest concentrations. They are also practical, affordable, and cost-effective. In the current study, the chemometric aided spectrophotometric approach was used to evaluate the two drugs naringin and verapamil. The approach is multidimensional and based on chemometrics, which includes an orthogonal partial least square method that is a new refinement of the partial least squares regression analysis method. With this technique, no conversions are made to the spectrum that overlaps the two drugs. The tools UV-PROBE, SIMCA version 17, and excel were used to process the chemometric data. Results According to results from an orthogonal partial least square model, the mean percent recovery and relative standard deviation for the combination of verapamil with naringin were 100.80/1.19 and 100.836/1.35, respectively.The calibration model was used to predict known synthetic mixtures.This method shows good consistency in recovery ranging between 98.92 and 103.59% for VER and from 96.21 to 101.84% NAR. As saying the synthetic mixture revealed that it had a high percentage of purity. Conclusions The proposed chemometric method can estimate the quantitative amount of pharmaceuticals based on their dosage forms. This approach meets the requirements for the international conference on harmonization's (ICH) analytical criteria, such as precision and accuracy. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Mesoporous silica-loaded docetaxel trihydrate nanoparticles are the potential to target drug delivery toward a specific region with high stability and predictable release at the target region. They have large surface areas and mesoporous structures with large pore volumes, leading to high bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy at the disease site. This study demonstrates how nanoparticles can be prepared using an emulsion technique. Results The ratios of eudragit S100 to eudragit L100 polymers, along with phosphatidylcholine, were varied according to the response surface methodology. Differential scanning colorimetry and fluorinated transmitted infrared spectroscopy studies showed that mesoporous silica particles were successful. All formulations had average particle sizes ranging from 70.65 to 143.01 nm, with a range of zeta potential from 17.6 ± 026 to 21 ± 011. In vitro drug delivery studies were achieved for all formulations with a zeta potential of 17.6 ± 026 to 21 ± 011. As per the statistical optimization by RSM that response model for percentage drug loading (Y 1) was found to be 0.0002 which is p-value

Abstract Background Ophthalmic in situ gel is a novel preparation. It can be instilled into the eye as a liquid but gels upon contact with the ocular surface, generating a sustained-release depot of the drug. The main body of the abstract Among drug delivery modalities, ocular drug administration requires careful study and parameter assessment. This is because the eyes are sensitive and require careful care. Conventional ocular administration techniques quickly eliminate formulated compounds, minimizing epithelial interaction. This review covers polymers used in ocular medication delivery, their uses, and their drawbacks. The in situ gelling mechanism converts liquid formulations into gels under certain physiological or environmental conditions. When they contact the ocular surface, in situ ocular gels undergo this transformation for medication administration. Different mechanisms drive this change, depending on the gel's formulation and desired properties. Temperature-, pH-, and ion-induced gelation are common processes of in situ ocular gel formation. The medicine's physicochemical qualities, desired drug release kinetics, ocular environment, and patient comfort determine the mechanism. Researchers can create ocular gels that transport medications, improve bioavailability, and increase patient compliance by carefully formulating and understanding the in situ gelation mechanism. These polymers are useful in prodrug research and ocular penetration enhancement. The article thoroughly discusses polymeric systems and creates a viable ophthalmic drug delivery formulation. Short conclusion In conclusion, in situ ocular gels advance ocular medication delivery. These gels overcome various difficulties of current delivery strategies for ocular therapeutics and provide a diverse and effective platform. In situ gelling, where the liquid formulation becomes a gel when it contacts ocular tissues, improves medication retention, bioavailability, and contact time.

Abstract Background The colon has a significant site to deliver numerous active materials for colonic diseases. Highly biodegradable polymers hold significant promise among the several techniques available to deliver the drug to the colon. This research aimed to prepare chitosan, locust bean gum and xanthan gum polysaccharide composite satranidazole multiunit pellets for colonic release and assesses the bioavailability with pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of satranidazole raw drug compared to multiunit pellets. Satranidazole multiple unit pellets were prepared based on chitosan, locust bean gum and xanthan gum, which were inexpensive and harmless. The bioavailability study was done by crossover design in which satranidazole raw drug and test formulation was administered to six healthy white albino rats. Results The pharmacokinetic analyses were estimated using the deconvolution of the plasma profile. Compared to the satranidazole drug used as a reference, for the pellets, the maximum plasma concentration was lower (35.02 ± 3.91 ng/ml vs. 51.07 ± 1.21 ng/ml for the satranidazole drug), and the time to attain maximum concentration was 2.50 ± 0.55 h for both drugs and test formulation. Colonic drug content was significantly higher than that of free administered drug. Conclusion The results indicate the acquired pharmacokinetic studies and colonic analysis established the reliability of the pharmaceutical technique and the ability to release satranidazole at the colonic site. Graphical Abstract

Drug delivery to the colonic region refers to the drug that should have to released in the colonic environment instead of released in the upper gastrointestinal tract. To reach the site-specificity of the local treatment of the colon such as amoebiasis, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease the target-specific drug delivery played an important role. To the establishment of the target-specific drug delivery to the colon, the various approach that has been explored include pH-dependent polymer, time-dependent, and bacteria-dependent drug delivery approach. Nanotechnology has been gaining much more interest due to target specificity and enhancement of bioavailability and high loading capacity. In this review, oral nanoparticle formulation for colon targeting specifically inflammatory bowel disease and suitable drugs for useful treatment and future aspects of nanoparticle formulation with particular approaches to enhancement of drug stability in the gastric environment have been covered.

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to evaluate layered of satranidazole powder using natural polysaccharides as coating materials for colon targeting that were inexpensive and natural with a non-toxic nature using a composite response design of 3 levels and 2 factors for each of the four responses in the quadratic model. The independent variables were the ratio of coating consistency % (X1) and coating level % (X2) in the pellet. The dependent factors were % release of drug at 2 h. (Y1), % release of drug at 6 h. (Y2), % release of drug difference in presence & absence of colonic enzyme (Y3) and mean dissolution time (Y4). The various models were fitted for the responses with an explanation of suitable statistical methods. Variance analysis and different factor levels of responses were constructed by response surface plots. Results Satranidazole pellets were efficiently prepared by the variable amount of ingredients that showed compatibility with possible pellet characterization and drug dissolution profiles to optimize the formulation. Conclusions The strategy of response surface can be a successful tool for improving the prepared satranidazole pellets which can be an appropriate replacement of regular one.

The genus Ficus is a very useful and significant group of trees with various therapeutic properties. Ficus racemosa linn. is a standard-sized tree in the Moraceae family, often known as the cluster fig tree. Ficus racemosa is also known as yajnayoga, udumbara, goolar, dumar, bodda, heibong, jantuphalam, dimri, yogga dumur, and many more names. Ficus racemosa may be found in various countries, including Australia, Malaysia, South-East Asia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, New South Wales, and the Indian subcontinent. It grows naturally near bodies of water but may also be grown artificially. Ficus racemosa is a plant referenced in the old Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathic traditions with various medicinal activities like as, antidiuretic, antitussive, antiulcer or gastro-protective, anti-oxidant activity, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antipyretic, anticholinesterase, potential anticancer activity, antifilarial, wound healing, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, fungicidal, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, larvicidal, renal anticarcinogenic, cognitive enhancing, and other properties. This Ficus racemosa review included detailed information on its plant description, habitat, microscopical characteristics, and therapeutic usefulness in many activities.

Abstract Background The aim of the present investigation was to improve comprehensive analytical method for the assessment of satranidazole in drug and product with simple, economic, sensitive, and reproducible spectrophotometric method. The drug was analyzed in three different methods by using various solvents where satranidazole (STZ) showed different absorbance maxima (s) and sharp peaks in the first order derivative spectra. Beer’s law range, correlation coefficient, apparent molar absorptivity, etc., were determined for each solvent using all the three methods. Results All the results of analysis were found to be satisfactory which was validated statistically for various parameters and by performing recovery studies in accordance with international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed methods were also compared statistically using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Conclusion Three different spectrophotometric methods were developed for satranidazole (STZ) using various inorganic and organic solvents. The analytical methods are found to be simple, sensitive, rapid, specific, and economic, and it can be conveniently employed for the routine analysis, quality control. The sample recoveries from the formulation were in good agreement with its respective label claim.

The present research work involve the development of a bilayer tablet of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride using a superdisintegranting agent (sodium starch glycolate) for the fast releasing layer and hydrophobic polymers like ethyl cellulose, acrycoat L100 and acrycoat S100 for the delayed releasing layer. Ciprofloxacin was used as a model drug. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The prepared bilayer tablets were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio at the precompression stage and thickness variation, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time, in vitro drug release study at the post compression stage.. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out in a USP 24 apparatus I. In vitro dissolution kinetics followed the Higuchi model via a non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism after the initial burst release. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the cumulative amount of drug release after 15 min, but significant difference (p < 0.05) in the amount of drug released after 12 h from optimized formulations was observed. Present research work involves the development of a bilayer tablet of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride using a superdisintegrant for the fast releasing layer and hydrophobic polymers for the delayed releasing layer. There was the initial burst effect from the formulations to provide the loading dose of the drug, followed by sustained release to provide maintenance dose of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]