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In the fashion industry, garment sizing is a challenging issue and involves different problems resulting in lost profits. The design of a sizing system is a complex task involving both anthropometric data and subjective data, such as comfort or fit. With the emergence of big data, companies can collect valuable information about their consumers and, thus, enhance their sizing systems. Although several methods have been proposed in the literature, they do not integrate consumer comfort and fit. The method proposed in this article aims to design a suitable sizing system, while taking into account both morphological features and consumer preferences. Consumer preferences are extracted from a satisfaction survey, and are then integrated into an optimization process. The main contribution of the proposed model is twofold: a comprehensive evaluation of sizing systems that are based on consumer preferences is proposed and an optimization algorithm is developed to perfectly fit the problem. The proposed system is implemented and evaluated on the measurement database of the CAESAR project and a satisfaction survey conducted by a French fashion retailer. A comparison with up to date techniques and the existing sizing systems demonstrates that our model provides significant improvements for consumer fit and coverage.

Sleep plays a critical role in the development of healthy children. Detecting sleep and sleep disorders and the effectiveness of interventions for improving sleep in children require valid sleep measures. Assessment of sleep in children, in particular infants and young children, can be a quite challenging task. Many subjective and objective methods are available to evaluate various aspects of sleep in childhood, each with their strengths and limitations. None can, however, replace the importance of thorough clinical interview with detailed history and clinical examination by a sleep specialist.

The Delphi method is a process where subjective data are transformed into quasi-objective data using statistical analysis and are converged to stable points. The Delphi method was developed by the RAND Corporation at Santa Monica, California, and is widely used for long-range forecasting in management science. It is a method by which the subjective data of experts are made to converge using some statistical analyses. This article proposes a variation of the Delphi method using triangular fuzzy numbers, where the communication method with the experts is the same, but the estimation procedure is different. The utility of the method is illustrated by a numerical example.

Language change is generally regarded as change of linguistic items or of the language system. In this sense it might be described and explained by the observation of varying use and evaluation of language. Developments concerning the conditions of use and the characteristics of evaluation are rarely regarded as cases of language change itself. Recently, however, there seems to be a shift towards a wider understanding of language change, distinguishing change of structure, use and evaluation. This shift is accompanied by the distinction of subjective and objective language data. Studies that combine objective and subjective data enable a comprehensive view of the characteristics and causes of language change. The present paper uses data from speakers of two different age groups from the Grafschaft Bentheim district on the German-Dutch border to illustrate the mutual dependency of structural and evaluative language change. The investigation will be carried out in an apparent-time-analysis based on a translation tasks (as a type of objective data) and semantic differentials (subjective data). Although the attested differences between the age groups turned out to be comparatively small, there are correlations between the results regarding subjective and objective data to be stated.

Currently the indoor environment quality is described or evaluated mainly by the subjective or objective data. However, research increasingly has demonstrated that objective and subjective data both had some weaknesses to characterize the indoor environment quality, and they can compensate for each other’s relative weaknesses. Hence, this study aims to develop an integration model to allow indoor subjective and objective data to be combined based on the structural equation modeling approach, using the Northeast China residential indoor environmental survey data. The results indicated that the integration model had a good fit for the survey data, and the model validity was confirmed. Moreover, in contrast to the subjective data (R2 = 0.363) and objective data (R2 = 0.239), the integrated data (R2 = 0.553) improved the explanatory power on the satisfaction with the overall indoor environment. Furthermore, this integration model demonstrated that indoor subjective data assigned more weights to the integrated data than the corresponding objective data. The association strength of thermal environment and indoor air quality (0.43 or 0.47) was the strongest among the interactions of thermal, air quality, acoustic, and lighting environments. Consequently, the main contribution of this paper was that it provided a comprehensive model to accomplish the integration of indoor environmental subjective and objective data, promoting the ability to describe and assess the indoor environment quality.

Pedestrians belong to the most vulnerable road users and in order to reduce accidents and fatality rates, research on pedestrian crossing behavior is necessary. However, findings on pedestrians’ crossing, gaze and gesture behavior are heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory. Different methods that are used to assess pedestrian behavior might provide an explanation. In a field study, we measured pedestrian behavior in real traffic by making use of instructed and non-instructed pedestrians, combining and comparing objective and subjective data. Instructed pedestrians deliberately interacted with a research vehicle in urban traffic and filled in 2687 self-report questionnaires about experienced scenarios from their point of view. Interaction scenarios focused on instructed pedestrians either crossing or not crossing the street when the research vehicle passed by. In addition, 75 h of video-recorded interaction scenarios with instructed and non-instructed pedestrians were gathered using a camera placed on the inside of the research vehicle. Self-report and video data were matched (N = 644) and evaluated regarding instructed pedestrians’ crossing, gaze and gesture behavior. Substantial agreement was found between self-reported and video-observed data for crossing action and gesture occurrence and somewhat lower agreement for gaze occurrence. Furthermore, the crossing, gaze and gesture behavior of instructed pedestrians (N = 1423 situations) and non-instructed pedestrians (N = 369 situations) was compared and no major discordance was reported. Therefore, instructed pedestrians can be an externally valid method to assess crossing behavior while implications are given on how self-reported and observational data can mutually supplement each other.

Introduction Owing to their professional and personal experiences, retired military orthopedic surgeons’ views of their careers are a unique source of inspiration. Reflecting on their experiences allows them to grasp the positive points and those that need to be improved for future generations. The purpose of this study is to gather the opinions of retired surgeons on the career of military orthopedic surgeons. Methods We addressed a questionnaire to all retired French military orthopedic surgeons in the database of the Chair of Applied Surgery for the Armed Forces as of December 2020, retrained in the civilian sector. A questionnaire sent by email made it possible to collect demographic, professional, and personal data about their careers. Subjective data were evaluated using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 or a subjective qualification scale. The main assessment criterion was the average score (out of 10) of the retired surgeons’ opinions on their careers. Results Fifty-two percent of retired surgeons replied (32 out of 61), with the respondents having an average age of 63 years. They had been in military retirement for an average of 14 years and had practiced for approximately 13.5 years. The majority (28 out of 32) had had a civilian activity after leaving the army. The three main reasons for leaving were the unsatisfactory working environment, the high number of deployments, and insufficient pay. Nevertheless, the respondents were satisfied with their activity, their job, and their training. The average score given for the overall opinion on their careers was 8.14/10. The three main disadvantages of the career that were noted were the quality of family life, the conditions of employment, and the financial aspects. The majority were very satisfied with the second half of their civil career. Conclusion Overall, the opinion of retired French military orthopedic surgeons on their careers is very good. Their point of view provides interesting elements for reflection from both a professional point of view and a personal point of view. They were very satisfied with the quality of their training, their job, and their activity. However, the quality of their personal/family life, working conditions, and the financial aspects of the career reduced this satisfaction. The results also have potential application in improving the preparation of young military orthopedic surgeons.

Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, olfactory testing is not commonly performed to test OD in the setting of AD. Objective: This work investigates objective OD as a non-invasive biomarker for accurately classifying subjects as cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. Methods: Patients with MCI (n = 24) and AD (n = 24), and CU (n = 33) controls completed two objective tests of olfaction (Affordable, Rapid, Olfactory Measurement Array –AROMA; Sniffin’ Sticks Screening 12 Test –SST12). Demographic and subjective sinonasal and olfaction symptom information was also obtained. Analyses utilized traditional statistics and machine learning to determine olfactory variables, and combinations of variables, of importance for differentiating normal and disease states. Results: Inability to correctly identify a scent after detection was a hallmark of MCI/AD. AROMA was superior to SST12 for differentiating MCI from AD. Performance on the clove scent was significantly different between all three groups. AROMA regression modeling yielded six scents with AUC of the ROC of 0.890 (p

Tea can help to regulate the mood of human. Based on the influence of tea on people's mood and attention, this study explored the tea concentration when the mood and attention of drinkers are in the best state, and established the best concentration model of tea. Using sampling experiment method to collect objective data, which are then combined with questionnaire survey method to collect subjective data, using the results to establish a neural network algorithm model to test the accuracy of the neural network algorithm model. Experiments show that the correlation coefficient of the output value of the BP neural network model constructed in this study is basically consistent with the actual prediction result. After obtaining data such as age, gender, frequency of tea drinking, and tea drinking concentration of tea drinkers, the constructed back propagation (BP) neural network model can accurately predict the mental state score of tea drinkers. The research will provide certain data support and theoretical basis for the follow-up development of the tea industry. Follow-up work needs to be performed in order to further adjust the scope and accuracy of the control model. Then, a more complete and accurate advanced BP neural network model can be established for different types of tea and other parameters.

Background As the implementation of sensor-based assessment for sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) has practical limitations when applied on a large-scale, most studies rely on subjective data. We aimed to examine the criterion validity of a single-item question to assess daily breaks in ST and other PA-related outcomes for the first time using sensor-based data as the criterion. Methods In a sample of 858 adults, breaks in ST and other PA-related parameters were assessed through sensor-based accelerometry and subjective data, which included a comprehensive questionnaire with a specific question (‘During the day, do you usually sit for a long time in a row or interrupt frequently?’) with a three-level closed answer. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the agreement between the single-item question and sensor-based data. Results Positive correlations were found for self-reported breaks in ST with sensor-based breaks in ST in both women (ρ=0.37; 95% CI=0.29–0.44) and men (ρ=0.15; 95% CI=0.04–0.26). Self-reported breaks in ST were inversely correlated with ST in women (ρ =−0.33; 95% CI=−0.40 to 0.25). For both sexes, self-reported breaks in ST showed a positive correlation with light-intensity PA (ρ=0.39; 95% CI=0.31–0.46 women; ρ=0.13; 95% CI=0.02–0.24 men), however, positive correlations between self-reported breaks in ST and moderate-to-vigorous PA (ρ=0.13; 95% CI=0.02–0.24) were found only in men. Conclusions Our single-item question can be used as an indication for ranking people’s breaks in ST during the waking day, although acknowledging that some misclassification will occur, especially in men. There must be an effort to include this question in future national and international surveys to replicate these findings.

Evaluation and ranking of rural settlements based on the stages of texture deterioration is critical for rural renovation. However, far too little attention has been paid to topic in the literature. This study focuses on the evaluation and ranking of rural settlements based on the stages of texture deterioration. To do so, we use the Overall Weighing (OW) method (a combination of objective weighing methods including Entropy, CRITIC, IDOCRIW, and subjective weighing method including Rank Sum) and the combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method as powerful methods in Multi-criteria decision making. The research method is descriptive-applied where data is collected both library and field. The objective data were collected from 260 rural households and fifteen local managers in the deteriorated villages on the Tehran metropolitan fringe through questionnaire forms. Similalry, the subjective data was collected from fifteen elites and scientific experts. The results indicate high rural migration rate factor is superior compared to other indices. Besides, Hesar Kouchak village has a more unfavorable situation than other villages that is followed by other villages including Mazdaran, Qala Boland, Mashhad Firoozkooh, Kabirabad, Yahar, Quinak Rakhshani, Jafarabad Baqraf, Hesar Mehtar, Zavareh Bid, Ramin, Atashan, Vastar, Hasanabad Baqraf, and ultimately Salehabad Sharqi.

Introduction. Cough accompanies an acute infectious process in the respiratory tract. The article focuses on the symptomatic treatment of cough using a modern herbal preparation with complex action and standard therapy.Goal. To study the effects of a herbal preparation with complex action in the treatment of cough in children.Materials and methods. The study included 72 patients of both sexes (mean age 14.6 ± 2.3 years) with a symptom of unproductive/unproductive cough, against the background of acute bronchitis or community-acquired pneumonia.Results and discussion. When using a herbal preparation with complex action was used in ¾ of the children, cough decreased by the 3rd day and in most patients it stopped by the 10 th day. The severity of daytime and nighttime coughs decreased by 3.0–3.5 points, the number of seizures decreased to 2–4 per day, the duration of seizures also decreased significantly, the median of this indicator in the main group reached 0 points. In both groups, the proportion of patients with seizure frequency of no more than 4 per day increased. While taking a herbal preparation, a more pronounced decrease in all indicators of cough by 3.5 times was noted throughout the treatment, and the corresponding effects developed 3 days ahead of time against the background of a full course of therapy. The average value of the efficacy and safety assessment given by the medical researchers to the action of the herbal preparation with complex action was 3.6 points. Analysis of objective and subjective data based on the results of evaluating case histories and individually developed questionnaires for patients on drug tolerance showed equivalence in terms of excellent and good results. Against the background of the full course of treatment with the herbal preparation, a 1.8 times more pronounced decrease in the characteristics of the cough syndrome was noted.Conclusion. The drug has shown high efficacy and safety, which makes it possible to recommend it as a symptomatic therapy for cough in school-age children as part of a combination or monotherapy.

Background: Insufficient physical activity is considered a major threat to future public health as many children and adolescents do not engage in the recommended amount of physical activity (PA), despite the well-documented health benefits. The evaluation of ongoing efforts as well as future intervention strategies, however, requires an accurate assessment of PA. Aim: The present study, therefore, examined differences between objectively and subjectively determined PA in 36 Austrian adolescents (52.8% male; 13.5 ± 0.5 years of age). Methods: Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and time spent sedentary was assessed with a wrist-worn accelerometer (GENEActive) that was worn for 7 consecutive days. Self-reported sleep duration was subtracted from total sedentary time in order to obtain sedentary time during waking hours. Participants also completed the short version of the International PA questionnaire (IPAQ) at the end of the objective measurement, which assesses time spent in MVPA and sitting time during the previous week. Results: Objective and subjective data showed that adolescents spent the majority of their time sitting or in sedentary pursuits. Self-reported MVPA was more than double the amount of the objectively determined time spent in MVPA (p p Conclusions: These results highlight the difficulty to accurately determine PA via questionnaire, which may be attributed to irregular PA patterns in youth. Accordingly, subjective measurements may need to be combined with objective methods in order to enhance the accuracy of PA assessments. The low levels of objectively determined PA, particularly in girls, further emphasize the need for continued efforts to ensure an adequate amount of PA in youth.

Condition monitoring and timely repair of residential buildings is an important task when ensuring a comfortable life in cities. In the case of large metropolitan areas, it is a difficult task to perform continuous objective condition monitoring for tens of thousands of residential buildings by efforts of experts. However, residential infrastructure health can be predicted on the basis of indirect data. These can be objective building parameters or subjective data on citizens’ complaints about deterioration. In cities today, it is possible to collect such data in machine-readable form from various information systems. This article proposes a method to predict external deterioration of buildings on the basis of indirect data, using machine learning and SMILE Low-coding platform. Based on the results of method approbation, which used data of a metropolis, the significance of electronic participation data and objective parameters of objects for facade deterioration forecast was assessed. Options for further research are proposed to improve the quality of deterioration predicting by using data on citizens’ complaints about infrastructure damage.

Automated data collection has a significant role in collecting reliable longitudinal data in human–computer interaction (HCI) studies that involve human participants. While objective data collection can be obtained by and mediated through personal informatics, subjective data is mostly collected through labour-intensive tools. The potential of sensor-embedded everyday objects as subjective data collection tools is underexplored. Hence, in this chapter, we investigate the use of such products for subjective data collection purposes in longitudinal studies. First, we demonstrate current practices on subjective data collection tools and examine the aforementioned research gap. Following that, we discuss the results of three discussion sessions in which we collected insights from six expert researchers on the enablers and barriers of using sensor-embedded everyday objects as subjective data collection tools. We present our insights with use-case scenarios to communicate what possible roles sensor-embedded everyday objects could have in collecting subjective data in future longitudinal HCI studies and discuss how they could be further developed within the field.

Introduction This study aims to improve understanding of the cytopathology community’s perspective regarding the value of rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) in clinical practice. Materials and methods The American Society of Cytopathology membership was surveyed in 2019 to obtain subjective data on the cytopathology community’s perceptions regarding ROSE. Comments were categorized by major themes and attitudes and analyzed by respondent’s role in laboratory, practice size, and practice setting (Fisher’s exact and χ2 tests). Results A total of 541 responses were received from 255 cytopathologists/pathologists, 261 cytotechnologists, 19 trainees, and 6 others (as previously reported). Reasons for which cytopathology personnel provide this service aligned with their perceptions of why clinicians request ROSE. A minority of respondents, disproportionally from high volume centers, felt ROSE is unnecessary. Overall attitude regarding ROSE was generally positive. There were no significant differences in attitude regarding ROSE according to role in laboratory or practice size, but respondents from academic centers provided a significantly higher percentage of positive comments than those in private or community practice. Although survey respondents generally felt that ROSE is valuable to patient care, they also highlighted several challenges, including staffing, time commitment, and inadequate reimbursement. Implementation of telecytology was felt to potentially alleviate some of these challenges. Conclusions Survey results show that the cytology community views ROSE favorably, practices vary considerably, and there is a perceived need for improved reimbursement. Data from this study may be used to identify areas that warrant additional research to clarify the clinical value of ROSE.

Background: Cervicogenic headache is a major problem in many people suffering from upper cervical dysfunction with a great conflict in its physical therapy management. Objective: The aim of the work was to determine the effect of Adding Kinesio Tape To Mulligan's Mobilization in patients with a cervicogenic headache. Patients and methods: Fifty four patients with cervicogenic headache included in the study; from outpatient clinic, Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University Hospital (Kasr El Ainy), were randomly assigned into two equal groups ; group A (Kinesiotaping and mulligan techniques), Group B (mulligan techniques). Their mean ± SD age, weight, height and BMI were 37.74±5.55 years, 80.62±6.27 kg, 170.11±5.5 cm and 27.48±2.73 kg/m² respectively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) is used for measuring intensity of cervicogenic headache. Frequency and duration of cervicogenic headache are collected from subjective data of patients. Correlations between the examined parameters were also measured. Kinesiotaping application with mulligan SNAGs were companied in group A and mulligan SNAGs done only in group B. Results: There was significant improvement of VAS outcome scores and frequency and duration of cervicogenic headache in Group (A) more than Group (B). Conclusion: It could be concluded that adding kinesio tape to mulligan's mobilization in patients with a cervicogenic headache is found to be an effective in treatment of cervicogenic headache.

Online users are constantly seeking experiences, such as a hotel with clean rooms and a lively bar, or a restaurant for a romantic rendezvous. However, e-commerce search engines only support queries involving objective attributes such as location, price, and cuisine, and any experiential data is relegated to text reviews. In order to support experiential queries, a database system needs to model subjective data. Users should be able to pose queries that specify subjective experiences using their own words, in addition to conditions on the usual objective attributes. This paper introduces OpineDB, a subjective database system that addresses these challenges. We introduce a data model for subjective databases. We describe how OpineDB translates subjective queries against the subjective database schema, which is done by matching the user query phrases to the underlying schema. We also show how the experiential conditions specified by the user can be combined and the results aggregated and ranked. We demonstrate that subjective databases satisfy user needs more effectively and accurately than alternative techniques through experiments with real data of hotel and restaurant reviews.

This work contributes to the literature raising concerns with the use of SET (student teaching evaluation) scores to evaluate teaching effectiveness and to motivate or demotivate faculty tenure and...

A simple and cost-effective method for macrophyte stock assessment as visual survey, was tested. It demonstrated good efficiency for counting of Saccharina japonica. The method is based on visual evaluation of SAV projective cover. Such subjective data should be verified. For this purpose, the projective cover along the Tatar Strait coast was estimated independently by two observers. In total, 125 km of the coastline was surveyed with 322 parallel visual estimations at 81 stations. The estimations of both observers agreed well: the concordance coefficient was 0.73 for the total projective cover and 0.78 for the projective cover of S. japonica, at p < 0.0001. About 81 % of the total projective cover and 82 % of S. japonica projective cover were counted with high coherency, whereas poor coherency was noted for < 3 % of both parameters. Average difference between estimations of two observers was 0.083 ± 0.012 for the total projective cover and 0.090 ± 0.012 for S. japonica projective cover. However, comparison of the visual estimations from the sea surface with the SCUBA estimations made near the bottom showed that surface observations resulted in some underestimation of the total projective cover, though the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.68). The near-bottom SCUBA survey provides better assessment for small and cortical algae (Ralfsiales and partially Corallinales). Commercial stock of S. japonica was calculated using previously reported relationship between biomass and projective cover (r2 = 0.81). The stock estimations for certain areas on the data of two observers had no statistically significant differences (p = 0.46–0.80, depending on the criteria used), the total stock estimations were also very close (34 and 36 thousand tons for total stock and 26 and 24 thousand tons for its commercial part). The visual observations are useful for revealing general features of the vegetation spatial distribution. Linear regressions parameters of the algae abundance on latitude for the data of both observers were similar. They had the angular coefficients –0.13 ± 0.07 and –0.10 ± 0.07 for the total projective cover and –0.25 ± 0.07 and –0.23 ± 0.06 for S. japonica projective cover. In the southern part of survey, the average total projective cover was 0.59 ± 0.04, while it was slightly lower in the northern part: 0.53 ± 0.04; the same estimations for the projective cover of S. japonica differed more considerable: 0.49 ± 0.04 and 0.24 ± 0.03, respectively. There is concluded that the visual surveys of macrophytes are economically effective and allow to reduce labor efforts significantly, comparing with traditional SCUBA surveys (working time in 101 times, costs in 103 times). The video recording ensures the data verification by outside experts, as in the cases when observers cannot identify some species. However, capability of this method is limited by high water turbidity and other cases of worsened visibility. For successful implementation of visual surveys, its algorithm for various environmental conditions is developed and supplemented with necessary instructions.

EnglishThe sewing sector is dependent of manual labor due to the manipulations of its products in the phases of the production process. For the industry, it is interesting to harmonize the environment with healthy working conditions so that the worker feels good when carrying out his work routine, without the possibility of harming his physical, emotional or psychological health. In this context, this study aims to identify how the work environment impacts on the work context of seamstresses of industrial confectionery companies of the north of Parana, from the study of work psychodynamics. The semi-structured interview was used as a methodological technique, because the researchers tried to obtain the subjective data of the interviewees. As main results, elements of suffering and strategies of defenses are present in the discourses of the work, as well as elements of work satisfaction was observed. portuguesEntende-se que o setor de costura e dependente de trabalhos manuais devido as manipulacoes de seus produtos nas fases do processo de producao. Para a industria, e interessante harmonizar o ambiente com condicoes de trabalho salubres, para que o trabalhador se sinta bem ao realizar sua rotina laboral, sem a possibilidade de prejudicar sua saude fisica, emocional ou psicologica. Dentro deste tema, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar como o ambiente laboral impacta no contexto de trabalho de costureiros de empresas de confeccao industrial do Norte do Parana, a partir do estudo da psicodinâmica de trabalho. A entrevista semiestruturada foi utilizada como tecnica metodologica, pois, os pesquisadores buscaram obter os dados subjetivos dos entrevistados. Como principais resultados, observou-se que elementos de sofrimento e estrategias de defesas estao presentes nos discursos dos trabalhadores, bem como elementos de satisfacao no trabalho.

Hyperoxic myopia is a phenomenon reported in individuals who have prolonged exposure to an increased partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and subsequently have a myopic (nearsighted) change in their vision. To date, there are numerous accounts of hyperoxic myopia in dry hyperbaric oxygen treatment patients; however, there have been only three confirmed cases reported in wet divers. This case series adds four confirmed cases of hyperoxic myopia in wet divers using 1.35 atmospheres (ATM) PO2 at the Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU). The four divers involved were the first author’s patients at NEDU. Conditions for two divers were confirmed via record review, whereas the other two divers were diagnosed by the first author. All subjects were interviewed to correlate subjective data with objective findings. Each subject completed five consecutive six-hour hyperoxic (PO2 of 1.35 ATM) dives with 18-hour surface intervals. Each individual was within the U. S. Navy Dive Manual’s standards for general health. Visual acuity was measured prior to diving. Within three to four days after diving, the individuals reported blurry vision with an associated myopic refraction shift. Each diver had spontaneous resolution of his myopia over the next two to three weeks, with no significant residual symptoms. The divers in this case series were exposed to an increased PO2 (1.35 ATM for 30 hours over five days), a lesser exposure than that in other reports of hyperoxic myopia in wet divers diagnosed with hyperoxic myopia (1.3-1.6 ATM for 45-85 hours in 12-18 days). Furthermore, this pulse of exposure was more concentrated than typically seen with traditional hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperoxic myopia continues to be a risk for those conducting intensive diving with a PO2 between 1.3-1.6 ATM. Additional investigation is warranted to better define risk factors and PO2 limits regarding ocular oxygen toxicity.