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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o banco de sementes do solo em áreas em processo de restauração há 20 anos. Foram estudadas 3 áreas, localizadas à jusante da barragem da Usina Hidrelétrica de Camargos, Itutinga, MG, sendo um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (RE) como referência, uma área classificada como degradada (DE) e outra área como perturbada (PE). As avaliações foram realizadas em 3 épocas do ano. Em cada área e a cada avaliação foram coletadas 25 amostras, retirando-se, primeiramente, a serapilheira e, posteriormente, o solo com o auxílio de um gabarito (25 x 25 x 5 cm). O material foi disposto em condições controladas para germinação das sementes. Houve diferença no valor de diversidade de Jaccard entre as três épocas de avaliação. As áreas DE e PE, apesar de possuírem maior diversidade de espécies arbóreas, apresentaram menor número de indivíduos. As espécies pioneiras foram maioria no número de espécies e de indivíduos nas três áreas, como ocorre naturalmente em bancos de sementes, representando mais que 90% dos indivíduos nas três avaliações da área RE. A síndrome de dispersão autocórica predominou nas três áreas e nas três avaliações.

RESUMO Existem diversas referências na literatura sobre as expectativas e sobre os dados observados da influência do tamanho da semente no estabelecimento, sobrevivência e crescimento de mudas de espécies pioneiras e clímaxes. No entretanto, as observações nem sempre aderem com as expectativas teóricas, visto a interdependência e a multiplicidade de fatores do ambiente que influenciam antes, durante e depois do processo de germinação da semente. O avanço da teoria relacionada com a alocação reprodutiva dos vegetais necessita incorporar as alterações decorrentes da influência da semente no crescimento e no estabelecimento de mudas.

RESUMO O estudo de florestas secundárias tem sido um instrumento valioso para a conservação e o manejo de recursos naturais. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um levantamento da vegetação desenvolvida espontaneamente na região de planície aluvionar do Rio Guandu, em Seropédica- RJ. O trabalho foi realizado através de amostra de 10 × 100 m, com registros e coletas de arvores com DAP igual ou maior que 5 cm, bem como da regeneração natural presente, com diâmetros inferiores a 5 cm e alturas maiores que 1,30 m. No inventário de mil metros quadrados, foram amostrados 131 indivíduos, distribuídos em 20 espécies. Destas, apenas sete foram encontradas também na regeneração natural, indicando mudanças significativas na estrutura e na florística desse fragmento.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Forest Research / Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira is the property of Brazilian Journal of Forest Research / Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Secondary forests constitute important regenerating areas and they are expanding rapidly in the Amazonian landscape. The characterization of forest remnants provides essential information for conservation, management and recovery actions. The objective of the present study was to conduct a floristic and phytosociological evaluation of an urban fragment of secondary Amazonian forest (8.12 ha) in Capitão Poço, Pará. Trees with DBH = 3.2 cm were inventoried in five 15 m x 30 m plots. The floristic diversity, importance value, and diametric distribution were investigated. In the survey, 236 individuals from 23 species were recorded. The floristic diversity index was 2.58. The most important species were Cecropia obtusa Trécul and Lacistema pubescens Mart. The curve of distribution of individuals in diametric classes followed a negative exponential pattern (inverted J-shape), with most individuals in the smallest diametric classes. These results imply that the forest presents species typical of initial stages of succession. Thus, conservation actions are needed to increase the local diversity. In addition, the studied forest is essential for academic and environmental education activities. We recommend further floristic studies in the area in order to assess the dynamics of the species in the forest community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a regeneração natural como indicador ecológico para avaliar três áreas em processo de restauração por plantio de mudas florestais, localizadas em Ivinhema, Jateí e Caarapó, MS após 12, 13 e 16 anos do plantio, respectivamente. A regeneração foi avaliada em 3 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m), subdivididas em parcelas de 1 m x 1 m. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com diâmetro > 0,10 m e altura ≤ 3 m. Os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’) e equabilidade de Pielou (J’) encontrados foram: H’ = 2,37 nat ind-1 e J’ = 0,64 (Ivinhema); H’ = 3,36 nat ind-1 e J’ = 0,76 (Jateí); e H’ = 3,16 nat ind-1 e J’=0,75 (Caarapó). A regeneração natural provou ser um bom indicador de estado de regeneração nessas três áreas avaliadas, possibilitando inferir sobre sua conservação. Os resultados indicaram que a comunidade regenerante em Jateí e Caarapó, possui grande representatividade ecológica em relação à diversidade de espécies e uma considerável diversidade florística, inclusive no caso da área restaurada de Jateí, com a presença de espécie ameaçada de extinção

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract. The spatial and temporal distribution of food resources, as well as the type, quantity, and quality of the foods stocked in the hive are the principal regulatory factors of the choice and intensity of floral resource harvesting by bees. We evaluated the annual foraging activity of Africanized honeybees Apis mellifera L. (Apidae) on the most abundant natural food resources available. Nineteen abundant plant species susceptible to foraging by bee communities in the interior of a secondary growth forest fragment with a transition physiognomy between Atlantic Forest and Cerradão vegetation were accompanied to estimate the intensity of floral resource collection by Africanized honeybees A. mellifera during the year. We determined the productivity of the flowers (the quality and quantity of nectar and/or pollen made available) and floral abundance (the quantities of flowers produced and the duration of flowering) of the 19 plant species selected. Africanized honeybees A. mellifera collected floral resources from 11 species. The intensities of visits per flower and per area of floral exposition were greater among plant species visited by Africanized honeybees when bee collecting behavior resulted in pollen transfer to the floral stigmas. It is estimated that 70.5% of all visits by Africanized honeybees A. mellifera individuals during the year in the study area occurred on Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), Grazielia cf. dimorpholepis (Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob (Asteraceae), and Gouania cf. latifolia Reissek (Rhaminaceae); those visits demonstrated seasonal patterns, with peaks of activity between January and April. Weak foraging activity was observed in June and between June and November. Atividade de forrageio de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.): um estudo das fontes de néctar e pólen em uma escala temporal Resumo. A distribuição espacial e temporal dos recursos alimentares, bem como o tipo, quantidade e qualidade do alimento estocado na colmeia são os principais fatores reguladores na escolha e intensidade da coleta dos recursos florais pelas abelhas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade anual de forrageio de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera L. (Apidae) nas fontes alimentares naturais mais abundantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 19 espécies vegetais abundantes e suscetíveis ao forrageio pela comunidade de abelhas no interior de um fragmento de floresta secundária com fisionomia em transição entre Mata Atlântica e Cerradão, durante um ano. Para estimar a intensidade de coleta de recursos florais pelas abelhas africanizadas A. mellifera, foi determinada a produtividade das flores (qualidade e quantidade do néctar e/ou pólen alocada nas flores) e a abundância (quantidade de flores e duração do florescimento) das 19 espécies vegetais selecionadas. As abelhas africanizadas A. mellifera coletaram recursos florais em 11 espécies vegetais. As intensidades de visitas por flor e áreas de exposição floral foram superior nas espécies de plantas que foram visitadas pelas abelhas africanizadas A. mellifera cujos comportamentos de coleta resultavam em transferência de pólen aos estigmas das flores. Estima-se que 70,5% de todas as visitas promovidas por A. mellifera africanizada no decorrer do ano na região de estudo ocorreram em Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), Grazielia cf. dimorpholepis (Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob (Asteraceae), e Gouania cf. latifolia Reissek (Rhaminaceae), demonstrando, dessa forma, um padrão sazonal, com picos de atividade em janeiro, abril e agosto, respectivamente. Por outro lado, houve fraca atividade de forrageio em junho e entre setembro e novembro.

In tropical forests, the stage of ecological succession influences the nutrient cycling. This study aimed to analyze the soil fauna community structure and composition, and leaf litter decomposition in fragments of intermediate-successional and late-successional Submountainous Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (ISF and LSF, respectively). We used a square metal frame to collect 10 samples of the leaf litter layer and topsoil (0.00-0.05 m depth) from each area in the wet and dry seasons. Soil fauna individuals were then extracted using a modified Berlese-Tüllgren funnel. For analysis of leaf litter decomposition, 15 litter bags containing 30 g of senescent leaves were randomly placed on the forest floor of each area in the dry season, and three bags were collected after 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days. Formicidae, Diptera, and Coleoptera were the predominant groups, regardless of successional stage. 16 taxonomic groups (class, order, or family) were restricted to the LSF area and no group was restricted to the ISF area. The LSF area was associated with greater values of total density, total richness, mean richness, diversity, and density of all of the soil fauna taxonomic groups, with the exception of Collembola and evenness, whose greater values were verified in the ISF area. The process of leaf litter decomposition was almost identical in both areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed and described the composition, richness and diversity of species of the woody component in different forest strata of an abandoned agroforestry system (~ 3 ha), located in an urban Atlantic Forest area, in the city of Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil. We started from the premise that the remaining tree stratum tends to improve the process of natural regeneration and forest succession. We randomly designated 25 plots of 20 x 20 m for the analysis of the tree layer, and subplots of 5 x 5 m for the analysis of regeneration stratum. We observed a community with strong dominance and a low Shannon diversity index (H') compared to secondary forest vegetation in the same region. The analysis demonstrated that the presence of large-sized individuals remaining after thinning the understory tends to assist and accelerate the process of natural regeneration and ecological succession.

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Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a florística e a diversidade do componente arbóreo regenerante em sete áreas de clareiras formadas pelo manejo seletivo da araucária em remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. O índice de Shannon foi utilizado para a análise da diversidade florística e o de Jaccard para relacionar as similaridades existentes em cada área de clareira. Foi também realizada a classificação das espécies em grupos ecológicos, por meio de revisão de literatura. Observou-se maior riqueza de espécies nas famílias Myrtaceae e Salicaceae. Araucariacea não apresentou grande número de indivíduos. As áreas de clareiras estudadas apresentaram baixa semelhança, quando utilizou-se o índice de Jaccard com linha de corte de 50%, indicando alta variabilidade de espécies. Com a linha de corte em 40% ocorreu formação de três grupos distintos. O grupo ecológico das secundárias iniciais foi o mais representativo em termos de riqueza espécies, por se tratar de regeneração natural em clareiras recém-formadas, indicando um estágio inicial de sucessão nessa nova etapa de evolução da floresta.

This study was conducted in a commercial forest stand of Pinus taeda L. located in Curitibanos, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the physical barrier caused by the deposition of aciculas, on natural regeneration mechanisms of native species in sub-woods of P. taeda L. forest stand. Three plots (10 x 10 m) were installed in the sub-woods of the forest stand, and the natural regeneration was evaluated in the control (presence of aciculas) and clean (absence of aciculas) subplots, in addition to the seeds rain and soil seeds bank. The density and frequency parameters (absolute and relative) and the Shannon-Weaver Index (H') were calculated, and the total density values of the seeds rain and seeds bank were subjected to ANOVA (p<0.05), while the density of regenerative seedlings was subjected to Student's t Test (p<0.05), using the Software R Studio ®. The density of regenerative seedlings (ind.m-2) was higher in clean subplots, statistically. No significant statistical difference was observed for the density parameter (ind.m-2) among the subplots for the soil seeds bank, but only for the seeds rain. Shannon Diversity Index was higher in the plots closer to the fragment in all evaluated mechanisms. The obtained results indicate that the litter layer acts as a physical barrier to the breeding of the seeds bank and prevents the arrival of the seeds rain propagules directly to the soil, hindering the establishment of native plants and, consequently, the natural regeneration in the sub-woods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study aspects of floristic composition were discussed, species diversity and diameter structure of a managed forest, in the county of Paragominas, Pará. The data were obtained in two transects of 100 x 900 m, corresponding to a sample area of 18 ha, measured on seven annual occasions. The trees were classified into two inclusion levels, Level 1: DBH = 20 cm in plots of 100 x 100 m and Level 2: 10 cm < DBH = 20 cm in subplots of 25 x 50 m. Shannon-Weaver's index ranged from 3.97 to 4.03 nats ind-1 for Level 1 and 3.80 and 4.03 nats ind-1 for Level 2. The ecological groups composed of non-pioneer dominated the forest, both in terms of richness and density of trees. The results indicated that 10 years after the exploration, no significant changes were observed in the richness, diversity and diametric structure of the vegetation, possibly indicating that the forest when submitted to the sustainable forest management should maintain its characteristics near the forest not disturbed by the logging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Bentham) is an important pioneer tree species in Ombrophylous Mixed Forest of Brazil and is widely used as an energy source. In traditional agroforestry systems, regeneration is induced by fire, then pure and dense stands known as bracatinga stands (bracatingais) are formed. In the first year, annual crops are intercalated with the seedlings. At that time the seedlings are thinned, then the stands remain at a fallow period and cut at seven years old. The species is very important mainly for small landowners. We studied the understory species that occur naturally during the succession over several years in order to manage them rationally in the future and maintain the natural vegetation over time. Three to 20 year-old Bracatinga stands were sampled between 1998 and 2011. All tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were measured.The floristic evolution was assessed with respect to Sociability Index, the Shannon Diversity Index and the Pielou Evenness Index. Graphs of rank/abundance over different age groups were evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We identified 153 species dispersed throughout the understory and tend to become aggregated over time.

O reflorestamento misto com espécies nativas pode estabelecer um processo de sucessão ecológica em áreas perturbadas ou degradadas, sendo a regeneração natural um dos mais importantes indicadores do avanço desse processo. Neste sentido, este trabalho buscou avaliar a composição e estrutura fitossociológica da regeneração natural em uma área de reflorestamento misto com espécies nativas no município de Laranjeiras, SE. Numa área reflorestada de 46 ha foram alocadas 30 parcelas de 1 x 1 m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com circunferência na altura da base < 15 cm e nas seguintes classes de altura: 0,30 m ≤ H ≤ 1,0 m; 1,1 m ≤ H ≤ 2; 2,1 m ≤ H ≤ 3 m. As espécies foram classificadas quanto ao grupo ecológico a que pertencem e a suas síndromes de dispersão. Foram analisados os parâmetros da estrutura vertical e horizontal, os índices de diversidade e equabilidade e a similaridade florística entre as espécies plantadas e a regeneração natural. As espécies G. americana e S. terebinthifolia são indicadas como facilitadoras para a restauração de áreas degradadas na Mata Atlântica no estado de Sergipe, pois ocorreram nas três classes de altura. Verificou-se um predomínio de espécies pioneiras, baixa diversidade na regeneração natural, ocasionadas pelo pastejo de equinos na área. Houve pouca similaridade florística entre os regenerantes e as espécies arbóreas plantadas, pois os indivíduos adultos plantados ainda não atingiram idade reprodutiva.

Abstract The expression of chemical compounds by individual plants of the same species in different locations may be affected by abiotic factors resulting in differences in the production of allelopathic compounds. The objective of this study was to compare the phytochemical profiles of plant species from two different forest formations in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The forest formations were Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (SSF) and Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest (LODF), and the five study species were Jacaranda micrantha, Cecropia pachystachya, Mimosa bimucronata, Schinus terebinthifolius and Cedrela fissilis. Secondary metabolites were extracted by exhaustive extraction with methanol, and the crude extract was fractionated using column chromatography. The fractions were used to calculate the retention factor of the main compounds using thin layer chromatography and phytochemical tests. The classes of compounds identified were practically the same among the analyzed species, however, at different levels of concentration. The type of tannins found in S. terebinthifolius differed between the two forest formations.

As florestas ripárias provêem serviços ecossistêmicos essenciais à humanidade, mas estão sendo degradadas em um ritmo acelerado na Amazônia. Esse estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os estoques de carbono acima e abaixo do solo de florestas ripárias com quatro níveis de degradação (muito alta, alta, média e baixa) em duas microbacias (Rio Pepital e Rio Grande) em Alcântara (Maranhão), na Amazônia Oriental. Foram instaladas 24 parcelas permanentes de 1.000 m2, onde a vegetação (árvores, arbustos, herbáceas, lianas e palmeiras), a necromasa (serapilheira, árvores mortas, galhos) e o solo (0-20 cm e raízes) foram amostrados. A biomassa foi estimada mediante modelos alométricos (vegetação com DAP > 1 cm e árvores mortas) e de forma destrutiva (herbáceas, serapilheira, galhos finos, raízes). O estoque total de carbono nas florestas ripárias mais conservadas variou entre 88 e 202 Mg(C) ha-1. A degradação reduziu significativamente o estoque de carbono em todos os compartimentos (até 97% na biomassa viva acima do solo, até 91% de necromassa e até 47% no solo). Nas áreas conservadas, a biomassa viva acima do solo tem a maior participação no estoque total de carbono (> 70%), principalmente devido às árvores de grande porte. O estoque de carbono nos diferentes compartimentos estão fortemente relacionados entre si e também com a abertura do dossel. A incorporação desses resultados em modelos regionais de carbono pode auxiliar na implementação e revisão do Código Florestal Brasileiro, em particular na restauração das florestas ripárias onde a agricultura está consolidada.

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The passive restoration induced by nuclei of Clidemia urceolata affects the successional dynamics of ecosystems, and these in turn influence the physical and chemical characteristics of soils depleted by disturbed pastures, creating a positive synergy between the soil and the vegetation. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the top 30 cm of the soil. This was carried out at the Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Pinheiral Center, in the municipality of Pinheiral, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at five sampling sites with similar soil and physical environments. All the sites were pastures abandoned for different periods: 3 years of passive restoration (Site 1), 8 years (i.e., in an initial stage of colonization by plants; Site 2), 14 years (i.e., in an intermediate stage of colonization by plants; Site 3), 19 years (i.e., in an advanced stage of colonization by plants; Site 4), and 34 years (i.e., covered by fragments of secondary forest; Site 5). The following parameters were measured in the center of each site: a) mechanical resistance of the soil to penetration, b) apparent density, c) total porosity, d) macroporosity, e) microporosity, f) hydraulic conductivity, and g) nutrient content. The greatest contrasts in soil data were registered between 0 and 10 cm of depth, demonstrating the soil restoration done by the vegetation during passive restoration over 34 years. The development of Clidemia urceolata after 14 years is a key determinant of soil recovery, which modified its physical and chemical properties and created conditions for the environment to permit the growth and development of tree species, and the formation of forest fragments in less than 34 years of passive restoration, with no need of any additional efforts for the restoration of the disturbed areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This pioneering research was to analyze the floristic composition, based on the ecological succession of herbaceous of the Caatinga under degraded areas from mineral exploration in semi-arid of the Paraiba state, Brazil. For the floristic survey, four mineral exploration areas were selected with 20, 15, 10 years and one currently being explored. The results showed that the 10-year and current mineral exploration areas presented greater richness and diversity while, in the others, 20 and 15 years, the lowest numbers were recorded. This is due to the fact that this economic activity has been practiced in an impactful way, causing the reduction of plant diversity. The high dominance for Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur (Euphorbiaceae) in the sampled areas, it can be seen that this species is invasive and alter the natural features of the environment, and reduce the natural population and accelerate the reduction of regeneration, once which also became a competitor of other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana no Estado de Santa Catarina, foi realizado estudo florístico e fitossociológico do componente arbóreo. Neste estudo, foi usado o método do ponto quadrante (250 pontos), incluindo todos os indivíduos com Diâmetro à Altura do Peito (DAP) mínimo de 5 cm. A composição florística resultou em riqueza total de 102 espécies. A densidade total arbórea foi de 2.034 indivíduos.ha-1. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Fabaceae e Annonaceae, e entre as espécies com maior valor de importância estão Euterpe edulis Mart. e Ficus adathodifolia Schott ex Spreng. A classificação das espécies arbóreas em grupos ecológicos indicou ligeira predominância de espécies dos estádios finais (56%) sobre as espécies dos estádios iniciais da sucessão, indicando que a vegetação se encontra em estádio avançado da sucessão ecológica. A síndrome de dispersão predominante entre as espécies arbóreas foi a zoocoria, identificada em 77% delas, seguida pela anemocoria, que representou 15% dos casos. Os resultados apresentados contribuirão para posteriores estudos de dinâmica em remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana e para programas de manejo, preservação e recuperação ambiental.

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This study aims to evaluate the litterfall of three areas in the tropical rain forest, in different successional stages, in the municipality of Siderópolis, Southern Santa Catarina state. Fifteen collectors of 0.25 m² each were used, distributed in three transects per study area (A1, A2 and AR). The highest litterfall production occurred in AR (8.13 Mg ha-1 yr-1), followed by A2 (4.26 Mg ha-1 yr-1) and A1 (2.74 Mg ha-1 yr-1). The AR area produced significantly more leaves, reproductive material and wastes. This can be explained by its more developed forest structure, with large trees, more closed canopy and greater number of epiphytes. On the other hand, areas A1 and A2 produced significant amounts of thin stems. These areas have a higher proportion of species in early successional stages, a higher density of thin trees and a more open canopy, being subject to winds, which could result in greater production and fall of branches. The results of this study highlight the importance of litterfall production in different successional stages, becoming necessary studies with this emphasis to understand the nutritional dynamics of ecosystems, especially those that have suffered strong impacts in the past, such as open-pit coal mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic macrophytes are important components of wetland ecosystems, and studying them contributes to a better understanding of ecological succession in the Pantanal. The function and history of floating macrophytes on the shores of Lake Uberaba, located on the Paraguay River floodplain, were examined. A multitemporal analysis of Landsat satellite images in the years 1984-2015 was conducted. For the analysis, a land cover map was generated with three classes: water, aquatic macrophytes, and surroundings (undefined vegetation). The results revealed ~21.4% decrease in open water area of the lake over a period of 26 years (-4.7 km2/yr.). The expansion of vegetation helps explain the loss of open water and the recent shrinkage of Lake Uberaba. Macrophyte surface area along the lake margins grew by 1.4 km2/yr. Through ecological succession, the growth and decay of aquatic plants (r-strategists) along the lake shore likely provided the soil substrate needed for colonization by terrestrial plant assemblages (k-strategists). This hypothesis that we propose to describe the evolution of dynamic geomorphological processes in Lake Uberaba should be tested in other areas to verify its applicability to similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to describe the structure and floristic composition of the natural regeneration in a clearing of a Fragment of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest that underwent an intervention by burning after three years in the Municipality of Segredo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We sampled 16 plots of 2 x 2 m, totaling 64 m². It was established that all plants with height greater than 0.3 m were included as criterion in the floristic survey. We found 240 plants belonging to 42 arboreal-shrub species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial perches provide complexity to the landscape, a factor that can increase animal biodiversity. We tested the hypothesis that artificial perches used in ecological restoration promote increased birdlife diversity in a restored landscape in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in the southwest of Paraná State, on land used for years for agriculture and pasture. Estimates of species and diversity of avifauna in 12 experimental plots were obtained one year after the beginning of the restoration. Data from plots restored through nucleation, which consisted of inserting artificial perches, were used to create a data set analyzed with and without the records of birds obtained exclusively on artificial perches. These data were compared with those from experimental plots re-vegetated by either passive or active (i.e. high diversity planting) restoration. In addition, the ability of different restoration techniques to attract avifauna occurring in a nearby forest was investigated. Restored plots using nucleation had higher richness (42± 3.00SD species), abundance and diversity compared to passive restoration and high diversity planting. However, when the results obtained exclusively from artificial perches were disregarded, the pattern of the diversity components in the nucleation did not differ from that of the passive restoration. Thus, the artificial perches provided an additional niche and, in this study, represented 34% of the increase in the accumulated richness observed in nucleation. Thus, perches are an important natural engineering structure that can increase local bird richness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fornecer dados para uma melhor compreensão entre a interação de microrganismos, flora e solo. O estudo foi realizado no Parque Natural Municipal do Curió, Paracambi, RJ. Foram selecionadas duas áreas, com diferentes graus de alteração antrópica, sendo em cada uma destas delimitado um talhão de aproximadamente 1.000 m², e nestes foram realizados levantamentos floristicos e coletas de amostras de terra e serrapilheira para a avaliação da fertilidade e dos microrganismos. Nas duas áreas quantificou-se um total de 89 espécies, reunidas em 59 gêneros e 33 famílias, entre espécies arbóreas, arbustivas, herbáceas e trepadeiras. Na área com maior grau de antropização ocorreram os maiores valores de pH, Ca e K, indicando um ambiente de maior eutrofismo. Já na área com menor grau de alteração, observaram-se maiores valores de H + Al, decorrentes da maior quantidade de material orgânico. Para a serrapilheira, foi verificado um padrão com tendência similar a observada para o solo. Os maiores valores de serrapilheira aportada, também contribuem para os maiores valores de K, elemento facilmente lixiviável no material em decomposição. Quanto à abundância dos microrganismos tanto na serrapilheira como no solo foi observada uma distribuição diferenciada dos microrganismos devido a variação da umidade relativa e temperatura, sendo as bactérias as predominantes, padrão este também observado para as diferentes áreas.This study aimed to better understand the interaction between microorganisms, plants and soil. The study was conducted in Parque Natural Municipal do Curió (Paracambi, RJ). We selected two areas with different degrees of human disturbance, and in each of these enclosed a plot of 1,000 m². Floristic surveys were carried out and litter and soil samples were collected to evaluate fertility and the microorganisms. In both areas, 89 species were found, within 59 genera and 33 families, of trees, shrubs, herbs and vines. The highest values ​​of pH, Ca and K were found in the area with the highest degree of human disturbance, indicating an environment of increased tropism. In the area with a lower degree of alteration, we observed higher values of H + Al, resulting from a higher amount of organic material. For the litter, the pattern was similar to that found for the soil. The highest values for the leaf litter also contributed to higher values of K, which is an element that easily leaches from mulch. Considering the abundance of microorganisms in both the litter and in soil, an uneven distribution of microorganisms was found due to the variation of relative humidity and temperature; bacteria were predominant, a pattern observed for both areas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a regeneração natural de duas áreas de vegetação de caatinga com diferentes históricos de uso no agreste pernambucano. O estudo foi realizado em duas áreas: Área I de mata nativa, sem evidências históricas de eliminação total da vegetação para fins de cultivos agrícolas; e Área II, anteriormente ocupada com cultivo da palma forrageira, abandonada há cerca de 30 anos e que se encontrava em estágio de sucessão secundária. Para coleta dos dados da vegetação, foram utilizadas 24 parcelas de dimensões de 5 x 5 m, em 12 parcelas em cada área, sendo considerados indivíduos em regeneração natural as plantas que possuíram circunferência a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) < 6,0 cm e altura >1,0 m. No levantamento estrutural dos indivíduos regenerantes das duas áreas foram identificados 581 plantas pertencentes a 14 famílias botânicas, 26 gêneros e 30 espécies. As densidades totais obtidas neste estudo foram de 11.200 ind.ha-1 e 8.116 ind.ha-1, nas Áreas I e II, respectivamente. As espécies que obtiveram maiores densidades de regeneração natural na Área I foram: Croton argyrophyllus, Senegalia bahiensis, Croton blanchetianus e Coutareahexandra; e na Área II: Senegalia bahiensis, Poincianella pyramidalis, Zanthoxyllum sp, Croton blanchetianus e Croton argyrophyllus.

INTRODUÇÃO: Hidrelétricas alteram o fluxo das águas e provocam impactos sobre a composição de mosquitos, justificando-se essa pesquisa. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar anofelinos de área sob a influência de um novo lago e avaliar a vulnerabilidade relativa à malária. MÉTODOS: Foram feitas coletas de Anopheles nas margens da Represa Porto Primavera, durante as fases do alagamento até sua cota máxima. Utilizaram-se as técnicas: atrativa humana, de armadilha de Shannon e concha entomológica. Os indicadores Riqueza e Diversidade foram utilizados para medir o impacto. A análise das distribuições temporais foi realizada pelo teste Mann-Whitney, considerando localidade, cota e método de captura como variáveis independentes (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: A densidade de Anopheles darlingi oscilou entre as localidades A, B e C, sendo que os maiores picos foram para B e C. Com a estabilidade do lago, no último nível, evidenciou-se a tendência de redução da densidade de Anopheles darlingi. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se que o risco de autoctonia de malária nas proximidades do lago permanece inalterado, ficando o alerta para esporádicas infecções humanas.IINTRODUCTION: Hydroelectric schemes modify the water flow and cause an impact on mosquito composition, thus justifying investigations. The aim of this study was to study anophelines in the area under the influence of a new lake and to evaluate their relative vulnerability to malaria. METHODS: Anopheles specimens were collected from the edges of the Porto Primavera reservoir, during the phases of reservoir filling until its maximum level was reached. The techniques used were attraction to humans, Shannon traps and entomological scoops. The richness and diversity indexes were used to measure the impact. The temporal distribution analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, taking the site, level and capture method as independent variables (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The density of Anopheles darlingi oscillated among the sites A, B and C, and the biggest peaks were located at B and C. After the lake reached its stable maximum level, there was a tendency for the density to decrease. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the risk of autochthonous malaria in the vicinity of the lake remained unchanged, but it is necessary to remain alert regarding sporadic human infections.

No Brasil, a floresta tropical estacional se localiza entre as florestas úmidas do leste e as savanas do oeste e foi historicamente fragmentada, restando atualmente poucos remanescentes. Este estudo foi realizado no Parque Municipal de São Roque, também conhecido como "Mata da Câmara" em São Roque, SP, Brasil, e teve como objetivo o levantamento fitossociológico do estrato arbóreo em três situações altitudinais distintas e a caracterização sucessional através da identificação do grupo ecológico das espécies amostradas. Foi utilizado o método de parcelas, num total de 42, dispostas em três blocos de 14 parcelas cada, totalizando 0,945 ha de área amostrada. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com CAP (circunferência à altura do peito) superior ou igual a 15 cm. Amostraram-se 1.413 indivíduos pertencentes a 117 espécies e 47 famílias. O índice de diversidade de Shannon foi 4.011. As três áreas apresentaram, respectivamente, 22, 32 e 13% de indivíduos de espécies pioneiras, 43, 28 e 46% de indivíduos de espécies secundárias iniciais e 32, 38 e 39% de indivíduos de espécies secundárias tardias. Pode-se concluir que a área se encontra em estádio sucessional inicial em sua porção periférica e em estádio intermediário, tendendo para o avançado em seu interior; porém, tendo-se como referência os fragmentos de floresta estacional do Estado de São Paulo, pode-se afirmar que a Mata da Câmara representa um trecho de floresta bem conservado.In Brazil, the seasonal tropical forest is located between the humid forests in the east and savannas in the west and it has been historically fragmented, leaving few remnants today. This study was carried out at the "São Roque Municipal Park" also known as "Mata da Câmara", in São Roque, SP, Brazil. The objective of the present work was to carry out a phytosociological survey of the tree stratum in three different altitudinal situations within a forest fragment, as well as the successional characterization of this fragment by identifying the ecological groups of species. The plot method was used with a total of 42 plots arranged in 3 blocks of 14 plots each, totaling 0.945 ha of sampled area. All individuals with PBH (perimeter at breast height) of 15 cm or more were sampled. A total of 1413 individuals belonging to117 species and 47 families were sampled. The Shannon diversity index was 4.011. The three areas showed respectively 22, 32 and 13% of individuals of pioneer species, 42, 28 and 46% of individuals of early secondary species, and 32, 38 and 39% of individuals of late secondary species. It is concluded that the area is in initial stage of succession in its peripheral portion, and in intermediate tending to terminal stage in its inner portion, but taking the seasonal forest fragments of the State of São Paulo as reference, one can say that Mata da Câmara represents a portion of preserved forest.

Este trabalho procurou identificar e quantificar espécies colonizadoras e estrutura em área de empréstimo, assim como listar espécies para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Foram selecionados três ambientes, sendo o ambiente 1 (A1) com histórico de uso menos intenso; ambiente 2 (A2) nível de degradação intermediário e ambiente 3 (A3) com maior degradação. Nos três ambientes foram sorteadas 20 parcelas de 25 m2. Nestas, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com altura ≥ 0,10 m e DAS ≤ 5,0 cm. Foram calculados os índices de diversidade de Shannon (H’), equabilidade de Pielou (J’), similaridade de Jaccard e Czekanowski, assim como os parâmetros fitossiológicos e a análise de espécies indicadoras. Foram registradas 32 espécies pertencentes a 15 famílias. O ambiente A1 foi o mais rico em espécies e com maior densidade e A2 apresentou a menor riqueza e densidade. Os ambientes apresentaram baixa similaridade florística e estrutural, sendo observadas diferenças estatísticas para a densidade (sendo encontrados 844, 270 e 497 indivíduos em A1, A2 e A3, respectivamente) e diversidade que variou entre 1,680 a 2,074 nats.indivíduo-1. Provavelmente, estas divergências se devem às variações do ambiente impostas pelas diferentes intensidades de degradação.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)