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1. Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021

Author

Padma, M Rajagopal, Dinesh, Prameela, Sundaresan, Rajesh, Athreya, Siva, Shiju, Shilpa, Maroor, Parimala S, Hande, R Lalitha, Akhtar, Jawaid, Chandra, Trilok, Ravi, Deepa, Lobo, Eunice, Ana, Yamuna, Shriyan, Prafulla, Desai, Anita, Rangaiah, Ambica, Munivenkatappa, Ashok, Krishna, S, Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara, Sreedhara, HG, Siddesh, KC, Amrutha Kumari, B, Umar, Nawaz, Mythri, BA, Mythri, KM, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Vasanthapuram, Ravi, and Babu, Giridhara R

Published
2021
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2. Corrigendum to “Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021” [IJID Regions Vol 1(2021) pages 107–116]

Author

Rajagopal Padma, M., primary, Dinesh, Prameela, additional, Sundaresan, Rajesh, additional, Athreya, Siva, additional, Shiju, Shilpa, additional, Maroor, Parimala S., additional, Lalitha Hande, R., additional, Akhtar, Jawaid, additional, Chandra, Trilok, additional, Ravi, Deepa, additional, Lobo, Eunice, additional, Ana, Yamuna, additional, Shriyan, Prafulla, additional, Desai, Anita, additional, Rangaiah, Ambica, additional, Munivenkatappa, Ashok, additional, Krishna, S., additional, Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara, additional, Sreedhara, H.G., additional, Siddesh, K.C., additional, Kumari, B. Amrutha, additional, Umar, Nawaz, additional, Mythri, B.A., additional, Mythri, K.M., additional, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, additional, Vasanthapuram, Ravi, additional, and Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara, additional

Published
2024
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3. The burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population: Results from a statewide sentinel-based population survey in Karnataka, India

Author

Babu, Giridhara R., Sundaresan, Rajesh, Athreya, Siva, Akhtar, Jawaid, Pandey, Pankaj Kumar, Maroor, Parimala S., Padma, M. Rajagopal, Lalitha, R., Shariff, Mohammed, Krishnappa, Lalitha, Manjunath, C.N., Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Gururaj, Gopalkrishna, Ranganath, Timmanahalli Sobagaiah, Vasanth, Kumar D.E., Banandur, Pradeep, Ravi, Deepa, Shiju, Shilpa, Lobo, Eunice, Satapathy, Asish, Alahari, Lokesh, Dinesh, Prameela, Thakar, Vinitha, Desai, Anita, Rangaiah, Ambica, Munivenkatappa, Ashok, S, Krishna, Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara, Sreedhara, H.G., KC, Siddesh, B, Amrutha Kumari, Umar, Nawaz, BA, Mythri, and Vasanthapuram, Ravi

Published
2021
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4. The potential effect of improved provision of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Gavi-eligible countries: a modelling study

Author

Hampson, Katie, Ventura, Francesco, Steenson, Rachel, Mancy, Rebecca, Trotter, Caroline, Cooper, Laura, Abela-Ridder, Bernadette, Knopf, Lea, Ringenier, Moniek, Tenzin, Tenzin, Ly, Sowath, Tarantola, Arnaud, Moyengar, Ronelngar, Oussiguéré, Assandi, Bonfoh, Bassirou, Narayana, DH Ashwath, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Muturi, Matthew, Mwatondo, Athman, Wambura, Gati, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Baril, Laurence, Edosoa, Glenn T, Traoré, Abdallah, Jayme, Sarah, Kotzé, Johann, Gunesekera, Amila, Chitnis, Nakul, Hattendorf, Jan, Laager, Mirjam, Lechenne, Monique, Zinsstag, Jakob, Changalucha, Joel, Mtema, Zac, Lugelo, Ahmed, Lushasi, Kennedy, Yurachai, Onphirul, Metcalf, Charlotte Jessica E., Rajeev, Malavika, Blanton, Jesse, Costa, Galileu Barbosa, Sreenivasan, Nandini, Wallace, Ryan, Briggs, Deborah, Taylor, Louise, Thumbi, Samuel M., and Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh

Published
2019
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5. Assessing the burden of Covid-19 in the slums of Bangalore city: Results of Rapid Community Survey

Author

Sobagaiah, Ranganath Thimnahalli, primary, Masthi, Ramesh Nugehally Raju, additional, Krishnappa, Lalitha, additional, Rangaiah, Ambika, additional, Rao, Girish Nagaraja, additional, Basha, Riyaz, additional, Thimmaiah, Sulekha, additional, Venkatesh, Renuka, additional, Prakash, Seema, additional, Ranganath, Sathish Chandra Mallapanahalli, additional, Konapur, Kavita Srikanth, additional, Jeevan, Vidya, additional, Muddaiah, Shanthi, additional, Jagadish, Deepak Murthy, additional, Kumari, Nitu, additional, and Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, additional

Published
2021
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6. Second round statewide survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India

Author

Padma, M Rajagopal, primary, Dinesh, Prameela, additional, Sundaresan, Rajesh, additional, Athreya, Siva, additional, Shiju, Shilpa, additional, Maroor, Parimala S, additional, Hande, R Lalitha, additional, Akhtar, Jawaid, additional, Chandra, Trilok, additional, Ravi, Deepa, additional, Lobo, Eunice, additional, Ana, Yamuna, additional, Shriyan, Prafulla, additional, Desai, Anita, additional, Rangaiah, Ambica, additional, Munivenkatappa, Ashok, additional, Krishna, S, additional, Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara, additional, Sreedhara, HG, additional, Siddesh, KC, additional, Amrutha Kumari, B, additional, Umar, Nawaz, additional, Mythri, BA, additional, Mythri, KM, additional, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, additional, Vasanthapuram, Ravi, additional, and Babu, Giridhara R, additional

Published
2021
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7. Safety and immunogenicity study of a new purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine Vaxirab-N (Pitman-Moore strain) manufactured in India

Author

Narayana, Doddabele Hanumanthaiah Ashwath, Madhusudana, Shampur Narayana, Sampath, Gadey, Tripathy, Radhe Madhab, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Gangaboraiah, Ravish, Haradanahalli Shankaraiah, Satapathy, Durga Madhab, Gowda, Giriyanna, Holla, Ramesh, Ashwin, Belludi Yajman, Padhi, Asutosh, Manjula, Shamanna, and Patel, Pradip Maganlal

Published
2014
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8. A comparative study on the immunogenicity, safety and tolerance of purified duck embryo vaccine (PDEV) manufactured in India (Vaxirab) and Switzerland (Lyssavac-N): A randomized simulated post-exposure study in healthy volunteers

Author

Mahendra, Bangalore Jayakrishnappa, Madhusudana, Shampur Narayan, Ashwathnarayana, Doddabele Hanumanthaiah, Sampath, Gadey, datta, Soma Subhra, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Venkatesh, Gonibeedu Manjunatah, Muhamuda, Kader, Bilagumba, Gangaboraiah, and Shamanna, Manjula

Published
2007
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11. The potential effect of improved provision of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Gavi-eligible countries: a modelling study

Author

WHO Rabies Modelling Consortium, Hampson, Katie, Ventura, Francesco, Steenson, Rachel, Mancy, Rebecca, Trotter, Caroline, Cooper, Laura, Abela-Ridder, Bernadette, Knopf, Lea, Ringenier, Moniek, Tenzin, Tenzin, Ly, Sowath, Tarantola, Arnaud, Moyengar, Ronelngar, Oussiguéré, Assandi, Bonfoh, Bassirou, Ashwath Narayana, D.H., Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Muturi, Matthew, Mwatondo, Athman, Wambura, Gati, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Baril, Laurence, Edosoa, Glenn T., Traoré, Abdallah, Jayme, Sarah, Kotzé, Johann, Gunesekera, Amila, Chitnis, Nakul, Hattendorf, Jan, Laager, Mirjam, Lechenne, Monique, Zinsstag, Jakob, Changalucha, Joel, Mtema, Zac, Lugelo, Ahmed, Lushasi, Kennedy, Yurachai, Onphirul, Metcalf, Charlotte Jessica E., Rajeev, Malavika, Blanton, Jesse, Barbosa Costa, Galileu, Sreenivasan, Nandini, Wallace, Ryan, Briggs, Deborah, Taylor, Louise, Thumbi, Samuel M., and Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh

Abstract

Background: \ud Tens of thousands of people die from dog-mediated rabies annually. Deaths can be prevented through post-exposure prophylaxis for people who have been bitten, and the disease eliminated through dog vaccination. Current post-exposure prophylaxis use saves many lives, but availability remains poor in many rabies-endemic countries due to high costs, poor access, and supply.\ud \ud Methods: \ud We developed epidemiological and economic models to investigate the effect of an investment in post-exposure prophylaxis by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. We modelled post-exposure prophylaxis use according to the status quo, with improved access using WHO-recommended intradermal vaccination, with and without rabies immunoglobulin, and with and without dog vaccination. We took the health provider perspective, including only direct costs.\ud \ud Findings: \ud We predict more than 1 million deaths will occur in the 67 rabies-endemic countries considered from 2020 to 2035, under the status quo. Current post-exposure prophylaxis use prevents approximately 56 000 deaths annually. Expanded access to, and free provision of, post-exposure prophylaxis would prevent an additional 489 000 deaths between 2020 and 2035. Under this switch to efficient intradermal post-exposure prophylaxis regimens, total projected vaccine needs remain similar (about 73 million vials) yet 17·4 million more people are vaccinated, making this an extremely cost-effective method, with costs of US$635 per death averted and $33 per disability-adjusted life-years averted. Scaling up dog vaccination programmes could eliminate dog-mediated rabies over this time period; improved post-exposure prophylaxis access remains cost-effective under this scenario, especially in combination with patient risk assessments to reduce unnecessary post-exposure prophylaxis use.\ud \ud Interpretation: \ud Investing in post-exposure vaccines would be an extremely cost-effective intervention that could substantially reduce disease burden and catalyse dog vaccination efforts to eliminate dog-mediated rabies.\ud \ud Funding: \ud World Health Organization.

Published
2019

12. Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of 2 WHO prequalified rabies vaccines administered by one week, 4 site intra dermal regimen (4-4-4-0-0) in animal bite cases

Author

Madhusudana Shampur Narayan, Sudarshan Mysore Kalappa, Ashwini Manoor Anand, Ashwath Narayana, Ravish S. Haradanahalli, Gangaboraiah Biligumba, and Aravind Manoharan

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Injections, Intradermal, Endpoint Determination, Rabies, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Immunoglobulins, World Health Organization, law.invention, Rabies vaccine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Bites and Stings, Horses, Post-exposure prophylaxis, Immunization Schedule, Pharmacology, business.industry, Immunogenicity, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Surgery, Vaccination, Clinical trial, Regimen, Rabies Vaccines, Socioeconomic Factors, Female, Patient Safety, business, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, medicine.drug, Research Paper
Abstract

The currently advocated rabies post-exposure prophylaxis regimens are of one month duration with reduced patient compliance. WHO recommended research on shortened vaccination regimens which have a practical and economic advantage over the existing regimens. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the safety and immunogenicity of 2 WHO prequalified rabies vaccines administered by one week, 4 site intra dermal regimen (4-4-4-0-0) in animal bite cases. This study was a comparative, open label, phase III, randomized clinical trial conducted at Anti rabies clinic, KIMS Hospital, Bangalore, India. The study was registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) bearing the registration number CTRI/2012/12/003230. Ninety subjects with category II/III animal bites/exposures were enrolled. Equine rabies immunoglobulin was administered to all category III exposures. 0.1 mL of either purified chick embryo cell vaccine (Rabipur) or purified verocell rabies vaccine (Verorab) was administered intradermally into 4 sites on days 0, 3 and 7 to all the study subjects. Serum of subjects collected on day 0, 14, 90 and 365 were analyzed for rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) concentration. The incidence of ADR in Rabipur and Verorab group was 2.96% and 1.14% respectively. In Rabipur group, geometric mean concentration (95% confidence interval) of RVNA was 14.5 (13.50, 15.57), 11.78 (11.27, 12.31) and 5.95 (5.50, 6.44) IU/mL on days 14, 90 and 365 respectively; In Verorab group geometric mean concentration (95% confidence interval) of RVNA was 14.43 (13.41, 15.53), 11.93 (11.47, 12.40) and 5.67 (5.29, 6.08) IU/mL on days 14, 90 and 365 respectively. In conclusion, Rabipur and Verorab were found to be safe, immunogenic and comparable with each other, when administered using one week, 4 site intradermal regimen (4-4-4-0-0) in animal bite cases.

Published
2015

17. Immunogenicity and safety study of Indirab: A Vero cell based chromatographically purified human rabies vaccine

Author

Sampath, Gadey, primary, Madhusudana, Shampur Narayan, additional, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, additional, Ashwathnarayana, Doddabele Hanumanthaiah, additional, Mahendra, Bangalore Jayakrishna, additional, Ullas, Thankappan P., additional, Mohan, Krishna, additional, Madhusudhan, Santhosh Kumar, additional, and Ravish, Haradanahalli Shankariah, additional

Published
2010
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19. Safety and immunogenicity study of a new purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine Vaxirab-N (Pitman–Moore strain) manufactured in India

Author

Ashwath Narayana, Doddabele Hanumanthaiah, Madhusudana, Shampur Narayana, Sampath, Gadey, Tripathy, Radhe Madhab, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Gangaboraiah, Ravish, Haradanahalli Shankaraiah, Satapathy, Durga Madhab, Gowda, Giriyanna, Holla, Ramesh, Ashwin, Belludi Yajman, Padhi, Asutosh, Shamanna, Manjula, and Patel, Pradip Maganlal

Abstract

Zydus Cadila Health care, India developed a new purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (PCECV, Vaxirab-N; 1 mL) by adapting Pitman–Moore strain of virus on to the chick embryo fibroblast cell line in 2006. During 2007–10, a series of safety and immunogenicity studies were conducted as per ICH-GCP guidelines after obtaining permission from Drug Controller General of India. In the first study, Vaxirab-N was administered to 35 healthy adult volunteers by intramuscular (IM) route using pre exposure regimen. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RvnAb) of 7.5 IU/mL on day 35. In the second study, Vaxirab-N was administered to 35 healthy adult volunteers using simulated post- exposure prophylaxis regimen by IM route. A GMC of 6.3 IU/mL on day 14, 13.2 IU/mL on day 28 and 8.6 IU/mL on day 90 was obtained. In the third study, Vaxirab-N administered by intradermal (ID) route using Updated Thai Red Cross (TRC) regimen in 36 healthy adult volunteers showed GMC of 7.8 IU/mL on day 14, 11.5 IU/mL on day 28 and 6.0 IU/mL on day 90. The 4th study was multi centric and Vaxirab-N was administered to 129 animal bite cases by IM route using post-exposure Essen regimen. The GMC following this schedule was 8.2 IU/mL on day 14, 13.01 IU/mL on day 28, 7.92 IU/mL on day 90 and 3.72 IU/mL on day 180. Mild to moderate adverse events were reported to Vaxirab-N but no serious adverse events were reported in any of these studies. In conclusion, Vaxirab-N developed by Zydus Cadila was found to be safe and immunogenic by both intramuscular and intradermal route and is recommended for rabies prophylaxis (CTRI No. 2010/091/000055 and 2010/091/000509).

Published
2014
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20. Time interval for booster vaccination following reexposure to rabies in previously vaccinated subjects

Author

Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Ravish, Haradanhalli Shankaraiah, and Narayana, Doddabele Hanumanthappa Ashwath

Abstract

Background: In rabies endemic areas, re-exposures to rabies are quite common and the incidence could be up to 15%. The recent guidelines of World Health Organization do not specify the duration of protection provided by previous pre- or post exposure prophylaxis. This often puts the treating physician in a dilemma in such cases of re-exposure.

Published
2011
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22. A comparative study on the safety and immunogenicity of purified duck embryo cell vaccine (PDEV, Vaxirab) with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC, Rabipur) and purifed vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV, Verorab)

Author

Ashwathnarayana, Doddabele Hanumantaiah, Madhusudana, Shampur Narayana, Sampath, Gadey, Sathpathy, Durga Madhab, Mankeshwar, Ranjit, Ravish, Haradana Halli Shankariah, Ullas, Padinjaremattathil Thankappan, Behra, Tapas Ranjan, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Gangaboraiah, and Shamanna, Manjula

Subjects
*MEDICATION safety, *IMMUNOGENETICS, *COMPARATIVE studies, *EMBRYOS, *RABIES vaccines, *CELL culture, *DRUG tolerance, *CLINICAL trials
Abstract

Abstract: Rabies is a fatal but preventable disease. Cell culture vaccines (CCV) and purified duck embryo vaccines (PDEV) are currently recommended by WHO for post-exposure prophylaxis. In India, a PDEV (Vaxirab) is being manufactured and is in use since 2003. In the present study, we have evaluated the safety, immunogenicity and tolerance of this vaccine with two other WHO approved CCVs, viz., purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC, Rabipur) and purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV, Veroroab). This study was an open label, randomized phase IV comparative clinical trial. A total of 152 people bitten by dogs and other animals were recruited from 4 different centres from India. They were randomly assigned to receive one of the vaccines by Essen intramuscular regimen (52 subjects received Vaxirab and 50 each Rabipur and Verorab) and rabies immunoglobulin was also administered in all category III exposures. Their blood samples were collected on day 0 (prior to vaccination), 14, 28, 90 and 180. Side effects if any were monitored. The rabies neutralizing antibody titers in their blood samples were estimated by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Subjects in all three groups had neutralizing antibody titers by day 14 (>0.5IU/mL) and geometric mean titers (GMT) observed for different vaccines on all days tested did not vary significantly (p >0.5). Side effects observed were minimal and did not vary significantly among the groups. The results of the present study indicate that PDEV (Vaxirab) is as safe, tolerable and immunogenic as both PCEC (Rabipur) and PVRV (Verorab). Thus this vaccine can be a good alternative to WHO approved CCVs for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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23. Corrigendum to “A comparative study on the safety and immunogenecity of purified duck embryo cell vaccine (PDEV, VAXIRAB) with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC, RABIPUR) and purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV, VERORAB)” Vaccine 28 (2010) 148–151

Author

Ashwathnarayana, Doddabele Hanumantaiah, Madhusudana, Shampur Narayana, Sampath, Gadey, Sathpathy, Durga Madhab, Mankeshwar, Ranjit, Ravish, Haradana Halli Shankariah, Ullas, Padinjaremattathil Thankappan, Behra, Tapas Ranjan, Sudarshan, Mysore Kalappa, Gangaboraiah, and Shamanna, Manjula

Published
2010
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24. Estimates of the burden of human rabies deaths and animal bites in India, 2022-23: a community-based cross-sectional survey and probability decision-tree modelling study.

Author

Thangaraj JWV, Krishna NS, Devika S, Egambaram S, Dhanapal SR, Khan SA, Srivastava AK, Mishra A, Shrinivasa B, Gour D, Madhukar M, Verma N, Sharma P, Soni RK, Ramasamy S, Mohandas S, Baidya S, Rehman T, Yeldandi VV, Singh A, Sreedevi A, Tandale BV, Purakayastha DR, Reddy MM, Toppo M, Solanki NV, Ghosh P, Jaiswal P, Vyas S, Das S, Palo SK, Prasanth V, Rozario AGA, Durairajan C, Delli A, Sasi A, Pandiyan C, Ashwathnarayana DH, Joy S, Isloor S, Sudarshan MK, Rahi M, and Murhekar MV

Abstract

Background: Reliable and recent data of human rabies deaths and animal bites are not available in India, where a third of global cases occur. Since there is a global target of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030, understanding whether the country is on track is essential. We aimed to estimate the animal-bite burden and the number of human rabies deaths in India., Methods: We conducted a community-based nationwide cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster-sampling design from March 2, 2022 to Aug 26, 2023, covering 60 districts in 15 Indian states. The head of the household or an adult family member was interviewed to collect information about animal-bite history in family members, receipt of anti-rabies vaccination (ARV), and death following animal bite in the family. Annual animal-bite incidence along with 95% CIs were estimated after applying the sampling weights and adjusting for clustering. We estimated annual human rabies deaths using a decision-tree probability model with parameters from the community survey and laboratory data on rabies positivity among suspected rabid dogs., Findings: Of the 337 808 individuals residing in the 78 807 households surveyed, 2052 gave a history of animal bite, mostly (1576 [76·8%]) due to dogs in the past 1 year. The weighted and adjusted annual incidence of animal bite was 6·6 (95% CI 5·7-7·6) per 1000 population, translating into 9·1 million bites nationally. Annual dog-bite incidence was 5·6 (4·8-6·6) per 1000. Among people who had been bitten by a dog, 323 (20·5%) did not receive ARV, and 1043 (66·2%) received at least three doses. Nearly half (615 [49·1%]) of the 1253 individuals who received one dose did not complete their full course of vaccination. We estimated 5726 (95% uncertainty interval 3967-7350) human rabies deaths occurring annually in India., Interpretation: Although there was a substantial decline in human rabies deaths over the past two decades, to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies by 2030, India needs to fast-track its actions by adopting a focused one-health approach. Integrating human and animal surveillance, ensuring timely administration of full course of post-exposure prophylaxis, and accelerating dog vaccination across the country are crucial steps towards this goal., Funding: Indian Council of Medical Research., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Published
2024
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