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Background: Vesiculobullous disorders (VBDs) are extant with diverse clinical manifestations. Vesicles and bullae are fluid-filled cavities present within or beneath the epidermis. They are autoimmune blistering disorders in which autoantibodies are directed against target antigens present in the epidermis and dermo-epidermal junction. Objective: Evaluation of the various clinicodemographic profile of patients with a pattern of distribution (subtypes) of VBDs of the skin and assess the association between clinical aspects and histological changes in vesiculobullous lesions of the skin. Materials and Methods: The study material constituted 93 cases of VBDs out of 936 skin biopsies reported over two and a half years (January 2016 to June 2018) from the tertiary care center. A detailed history of the patients was taken, and a complete physical and dermatological examination with findings including clinical diagnosis was recorded. Histopathological examination (incisional/excisional/punch biopsy) was done in each case. The clinico-demographic evaluation was done and the results were correlated with histopathological findings. Results: Vesiculobullous lesions constituted 10.06% of all skin biopsies. The majority of cases were of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) 30 (32.25%) followed by 16 (17.2%) of bullous pemphigoid. In 83 cases (89.24%) histopathology findings were consistent with clinical diagnosis. Out of 34 cases that were diagnosed clinically as PV , the histopathological study proved 30 cases (88.23%) as PV. Conclusion: Vesiculobullous lesions of the skin are a heterogeneous group of disorders. It is essential to differentiate each pattern of subtype based on clinical examination and histopathological findings. Histopathological diagnosis with clinical correlation plays a major role in arriving at the diagnosis.

Background: Pancytopenia is defined as the simultaneous presence of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The present study was undertaken to explore various causes and clinical manifestations of pancytopenia and to correlate them with severity of pancytopenia in adult patients of Malwa region of central India. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Pathology of our Institute with the help of clinical departments such as medicine, surgery, oncology, and others. Two hundred and fifty-one admitted adult male and female patients from October 2015 to March 2017 (18 months) presenting with pancytopenia were included in the study. Tests for complete blood count, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count, bleeding time, clotting time, bone marrow aspiration, and trephine biopsy were done. Results: Among all the hematological disorders (202/251) causing pancytopenia, the most common was megaloblastic anemia (98/202, 48.51%) followed by dimorphic anemia (36/202, 17.8%) and aplastic anemia (18/202, 8.9%). Least common causes included hemolytic anemia (2/202) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (2/202), that is, 0.99% each. Conclusion: Thus, a comprehensive, clinical, and hematological study of patients with pancytopenia will usually help in identifying the underlying cause. The early detection of the underlying conditions would also help to enhance the prognosis of patients with pancytopenia.

Introduction: The knee joint is one of the major joint of our body and lower end of femur forms important component of it. Knee joint is also commonly operated for replacement surgeries. In such cases, measurements of lower end of femur has great importance in designing of implants. Prosthesis based on accurate morphometric data of components of knee; femur and tibia, plays a crucial role, which will ensure early mobility as well as fewer complications after arthroplasty. Aim: To obtain certain morphometric data of femoral condyles by direct method and to determine differences on right and left side. Materials and Methods: Seventy four adult dry femur bones of unknown sex were studied. Bicondylar width, maximum anteroposterior distance of medial and lateral condyle, maximum transverse distance of medial and lateral condyle and intercondylar notch width were measured with the help of vernier caliper and mean, standard deviation and p-value were calculated using unpaired t-test. Results: Average bicondylar width was 69.70±4.96 mm. Average anteroposterior distance of medial and lateral condyle was 53.17±4.56 mm and 54.87±4.13 mm respectively. Average transverse distance of medial and lateral condyle was 26.79±2.16 mm and 29.93±2.58 mm respectively. Average intercondylar notch width was found to be 19.57±2.96 mm. In the present study; except for the intercondylar notch width (p0.05). Conclusion: Present study provides important morphometrical data of femoral condyles by direct method. This will help in adding the knowledge of morphometric data of various parameters in designing of implants and selection of suitable prosthesis for better outcome of knee replacement surgeries.

Introduction: The Suprascapular Notch (SSN) is located at the superior border of the scapula, just medial to the base of the coracoid process. The knowledge of variations in shapes and dimensions can be helpful to clinicians to correlate the suprascapular nerve entrapment with a specific type of notch. Aim: This study was carried out to observe morphological variation in shapes of SSN and morphometric analysis of SSN. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 adult scapulae of unknown age and sex will be obtained from Department of Anatomy, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar and Sola, Gujarat, India. The shapes of SSN were observed and dimensions were taken by digital Vernier caliper. Results: The most common type of SSN observed was Type 2, a notch that was longest in its transverse diameter. The least common type was Type 4. Type 5 SSN was absent. The most common shape was ‘J’ and least common was ‘V’.Partial and complete ossification was also noted. Conclusion: Knowledge of anatomical variations of suprascapular notch is better for understanding location and source of entrapment syndrome. Since, the present study is performed with a limited number of dry scapulae, so there is need of further clinical, radiological and cadaveric studies.

Introduction: Sciatica is the pain caused by a compression or irritation of the Sciatic Nerve (SN) and the symptoms include nerve pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness. The clinical values are unilateral or bilateral higher break of SN that result in compression of nerve that leads to piriformis syndrome. This pressure on nerve results in paralysis of the supplied muscles and sensory disturbances. Aim: To observe the variations in the site of divisions of SN and relation to the piriformis muscle. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out after taking ethical approval from Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) of present institute during year 2015 with duration of one and half year at Anatomy Department of GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar in about 30 properly embalmed cadavers (total 60 lower limb/extremities) during routine dissection. Results: Total of 60 gluteal regions were examined for the variation in the course and division of the SN. Among them in 51 lower limbs (85%) the SN had a normal course after its exit below the piriformis and divided into tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve at the superior angle of popliteal fossa, while in nine lower limbs (15%) there were higher division site of SN observed. Conclusion: During posterior hip operations, this high division develops in sciatica, nerve injury during deep intramuscular injections, piriformis syndrome, failed sciatic nerve block in anesthesia and injury. Lower limb surgeries and in the interpretation of sciatic neuropathy can be complicated by variation in division of SN.