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Many studies show the effectiveness of using the Flipped Learning model to increase students' understanding. However, there are scant research results that integrate PowerPoint in Flipped Learning to improve students' understanding. The present study aimed to describe the effectiveness of the PowerPoint-Based Flipped Learning model in increasing students' understanding. The recent study is an experimental study with 115 participants divided into a class with a PBFL model, a class with a Flipped Learning model, and a class with a conventional model. The sampling technique used was random cluster sampling, and the data collection was collected through documentation and test method. By using the One-Way ANOVA test, it was found that there was a difference in the mean between the three classes with a significant difference below 0.05. Therefore, a post-hoc test was carried out using the Scheeffe test. The results showed that integrating PowerPoint in the Flipped Learning model significantly increased students' understanding of the material being taught compared to the other classes. All in all, integrating PowerPoint is shown to help strengthen the Flipped Learning-based learning process to improve students' understanding. In addition, this research can still be expanded by broadening the range of research subjects.

Previous studies have tried to improve students' independence in online mathematics learning. However, the Flipped Learning model integrated with GeoGebra is scarce as none of the existing syntaxes accommodate the model. As the existing syntax is based on three phases: pre-class activity, in-class activity, and post-class activity. This research aims to develop GeoGebra-based Flipped Learning syntax to increase students' independence in learning mathematics. The main difference between the existing syntax and the developed one is the integration of GeoGebra in the pre-class activity. The integration is based on previous studies showing that using GeoGebra can improve student's learning achievements. It research employed the Design-Based Research (DBR) model involving 125 second-year undergraduate students of a private university in Indonesia. The syntax results were obtained from the study, indicating an increase in the average value of student independence in learning mathematics based on learning independence, confidence, level of discipline, sense of responsibility, level of initiative, and self-control. This developed syntax is expected to help teachers streamline online mathematics learning.

Gut microbiome studies have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential in unveiling the role of microbial communities in animals’ health and ecological processes. However, the lack of standardized protocols in sample handling and processing across studies introduces variability, impeding the comparability of findings. This study addresses this issue by examining methodological variations in gut microbiome research on wildlife and domesticated animals in Southeast Asia. A comprehensive search of 91 relevant studies on the SCOPUS database yielded 54 suitable publications for review, encompassing diverse taxa such as invertebrates (20), fishes (7), reptiles (3), birds (5), and mammals (19). Notably, various methodological approaches were employed to characterize microbial communities, including the source of isolation, various culture-based approaches, sequencing methods, and the targeted markers. Based on the information provided in this study, future studies should strive to develop guidelines and best practices specific to gut microbiome studies. This would enhance comparability and facilitate the integration of findings. Such efforts will also advance our understanding of the microbial diversity associated with wildlife, and its potential implications for their health and conservation.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed genomics, presenting significant potential for advancing wildlife conservation. NGS technology offers opportunities and challenges for addressing scientific questions in wildlife management. Unfortunately, there is a lack of comprehensive records on NGS implementation in Southeast Asia, particularly concerning wildlife conservation. To address this gap, we analyzed NGS studies focused on wildlife monitoring in Southeast Asia and introduced a practical framework for implementing NGS technologies in global wildlife conservation, especially in Southeast Asia. We systematically reviewed NGS studies in wildlife monitoring from the SCOPUS database. We identified 137 relevant publications from 11 countries, with Malaysia contributing 36% of the studies. The included studies were categorized into five themes: species identification, dietary assessment, health monitoring, taxonomic resolution, and whole-genome sequencing, with the majority focusing on 38 publications related to wildlife health. The framework developed in this study help the researchers and conservation practitioners with insights on NGS technology application in conservation while also addressing the benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations associated with NGS use. This review offers a brief overview of NGS usage and provides guidelines for embracing NGS as a valuable tool for effective wildlife conservation strategies in our rapidly changing world.

The Asian region is globally renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity, rich ecosystems, and unique cultural heritage. However, the delicate equilibrium between human societies and the diverse flora and fauna faces increasing challenges due to the region's rich biodiversity and escalating utilization of wildlife resources. Hence, this paper aims to document the utilization of endangered wildlife across Asian countries and to report the existing conservation measures and recommendations for sustainable wildlife management over the years. We employed prominent academic databases, specifically SCOPUS, to explore the dynamics of wildlife utilization and its associated implications. From the findings, 9,989 records were successfully identified. However, only 65 articles were included in the review after the screening process. A total of 61 species, comprising 30 mammals, 22 reptiles, one amphibian, and eight birds, all endangered, were identified as subjects of wildlife utilization in 16 Asian countries. China possessed the highest count for wildlife utilization across all categories, including 15 species used for trading purposes. In conclusion, this research underscores the critical need for integrated approaches that balance human needs and conservation imperatives to ensure a sustainable future for Asia's wildlife biodiversity.

Recently, citizen scientists have gained recognition for engaging the public in collaboration with professional scientists in scientific actions. Citizen scientists act as an important force contributing to the Community, Education, and Public Awareness (CEPA) initiatives and promoting sustainable development. Thus, the study's objectives are to conduct a systematic review for citizen scientists in addressing the challenges of working in environmental conservation research and to address the way forward for fellow citizen scientists. We conducted a systematic literature review using the SCOPUS database in September 2023 to review the relatable article on citizen science. The result successfully extracted 118 related articles by applying a few keywords, ‘Conservation’, ‘Education’, ‘Environment’, ‘Management’, and ‘Citizen Scientist’ as a primary keyword. Notably, approximately 62% of articles published focused on environmental conservation involving animals and plants. This study also highlights the contributions of citizen scientists in conserving and monitoring biodiversity, including volunteering activities. In conclusion, this review emphasizes citizen scientists' transformative potential in supporting CEPA and offers insights into the crucial role of citizen scientists and their promising pathway toward sustainability.

This paper considers a non‐standard Optimal Control problem that has an application in economics. The primary focus of this research is to solve the royalty problem, which has been categorized as a non‐standard Optimal Control problem, where the final state value and its functional performance index value are unknown. A new continuous necessary condition is investigated for the final state value so that it will convert the final costate value into a non‐zero value. The research analyzes the seven‐stage royalty piecewise function, which is then approximated to continuous form with the help of the hyperbolic tangent function and solves the problem by using a new modified shooting method. This modified shooting method applies Sufahani–Ahmad–Newton–Brent–Royalty Algorithm and Sufahani‐Ahmad‐Powell‐Brent‐Royalty Algorithm. For a validation process, the results are compared with the existing methods such as Euler, Runge–Kutta, Trapezoidal, and Hermite–Simpson approximations, and the results show that the proposed method yields an accurate terminal state value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the philosophical dimensions of traditional architecture and the ethnomathematical geometry inherent in the mountains of shadow puppets, a significant aspect of Indonesia's cultural heritage. Utilizing a qualitative methodology with an ethnographic design, data were collected through observations and interviews with primary, secondary, and additional informants. The objective of this research is to uncover the mathematical concepts embedded in the mountains of shadow puppets, including geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and statistics, using an ethnographic approach that addresses four principal inquiries: "Where should I begin my investigation?", "How do I proceed with the search?", "How can I identify significant findings?", and "How do I interpret these findings?". The results indicate that among the four mathematical concepts investigated, only geometric concepts are present in the puppet mountains, as validated by a geometer. The geometric sub-concepts identified encompass (1) geometric transformations such as translation and reflection, (2) plane geometry including rhombuses, rectangles, triangles, and circles, and (3) congruence and symmetry. This research holds significant implications for enhancing students' mathematical education by incorporating geometric examples from local cultural contexts. Integrating ethnomathematics into school curricula can expand students' artistic horizons, boost their engagement in learning, and deepen their comprehension of mathematical concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primate population assessment relies heavily on ecological techniques such as camera traps, distance sampling, and passive acoustic detection. Although these techniques have proven effective in estimating the number of individuals and primate groups, challenges arise when attempting to scale them up to larger areas such as districts, states, or national levels. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of public responses in determining the primate population at district level. Specifically, an online survey was designed to collect information from the public regarding the primate population within their respective areas of knowledge, focusing on Muar district in Johor, Malaysia. This district comprises of 12 sub-districts ('Mukims'). The survey was conducted over two consecutive months (February to March 2021). A combination of online social media platforms and face-to-face interviews was employed to distribute the survey and successfully gathered responses from 257 respondents. The data collected encompassed species availability, habitat availability, individual primate counts and human-primate conflicts. Chi-squared analysis, point biserial correlation, descriptive statistics and alpha diversity indices were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that Macaca fascicularis reported the highest number of individuals and was predominantly present across all sub-districts. This species also frequently engaged in conflicts with humans, primarily as agricultural pests and residential nuisances. The method described herein proved effective in providing reliable tests for species presence-absence, and collecting human-wildlife conflict data with specific geographical locations. However, further improvements in the design are required to more accurately evaluate the primate populations. Nonetheless, this method serves as a promising pilot approach for estimating wildlife populations at the state level, offering a rapid, cost-effective, and extensive alternative to traditional ecological techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kuala Langsa estuary is a semi-closed zone where there is an exchange of two water masses between river and tidal of the Malacca Strait. The exchange of those two water masses occurs as a physical result of fluctuating estuaries. This caused Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) continue to increase as the estuary is the final distribution point for sediment brought from upstream by erosion in the Langsa River. This sediment contributes to the silting of Langsa estuary. This is caused the KRI dr. Soeharso Hospital to be unable to dock at the Kuala Langsa Port during the 66th Surya Bhaskara Jaya Navy Operations 2017. It's necessary to study estuary physical conditions, which include bathymetry, currents, temperature, salinity, and concentrations of floating sediment that occur as a result of the tides and river discharges. This research used quantitative and qualitative exploratory methods, analyzed a direct correlation between the measurement results, roughness coeficient, and sediment transport rate used relevant empirical equations (Duboy's, Einstein's, Rottner, Chang, Simons, and Richardson, and Lane and Kalinske aquations). This research found that the Langsa estuary is 16 km with a semidiurnal tidal type. It was also discovered that the highest sediment rate was at the mouth of the estuary is 10.700.739,71 ton.day-1 and the physical model of Muara Langsa has a good correlation to the results of measurements-model indicate value of CC width = 0.959 and tide CC= 0.421, This study provides initial information for conducting hydrodynamic and morphological models at the mouth of estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's focal point is on the nonstandard Optimal Control (OC) problem. In this matter, the value of the final state variable, y(T) is said to be unknown. Moreover, the Lagrangian integrand in the function is in the form of a piecewise constant integrand function of the unknown state value y(T). In addition, the Lagrangian integrand depends on the y(T) value. Thus, this case is considered as the nonstandard OC problem where the problem cannot be resolved by using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle along with the normal boundary conditions at the final time in the classical setting. Furthermore, the free final state value, y(T) in the nonstandard OC problem yields a necessary boundary condition of final costate value, p(T) which is not equal to zero. Therefore, the new necessary condition of final state value, y(T) should be equal to a certain continuous integral function of y(T)=z since the integrand is a component of y(T). In this study, the 3- stage piecewise constant integrand system will be approximated by utilizing the continuous approximation of the hyperbolic tangent (tanh) procedure. This paper presents the solution by using the computer software of C++ programming and AMPL program language. The Two-Point Boundary Value Problem will be solved by applying the indirect method which will involve the shooting method where it is a combination of the Newton and the minimization algorithm (Golden Section Search and Brent methods). Finally, the results will be compared with the direct methods (Euler, Runge-Kutta, Trapezoidal and Hermite-Simpson approximations) as a validation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]