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This paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction of anorectal specialty nursing alliance platform from the aspects of work planning, organizational structure, post responsibilities and work objectives at all levels. The aim of this paper is to promote the sharing of specialized nursing standards and nursing norms within the nursing alliance, jointly improve the quality management of anorectal specialized nursing, improve the clinical research and academic level of specialized nursing, further improve the training of specialized nursing talents, jointly win the social benefits of specialized nursing, establish regional anorectal specialized nursing alliance, and promote the vigorous development of anorectal specialized medical association. (本文总结了肛肠专科护理联盟平台建设与实践的相关经验, 包括工作规划、组织构架、各级岗位职责及工作目标等内容, 为推动护理联盟内专科护理标准及护理规范的共享, 提高肛肠专科护理质量管理, 提升专科护理临床研究与学术水平, 完善专科护理人才培养, 实现专科护理的社会效益提供参考和借鉴。)

Objective To investigate the job burnout of nursing students in the late stage of internship, and provide theoretical basis and guidance for prevention of job burnout among nursing students. Methods A questionnaire survey using Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey(MBI-GS) was conducted to 150 nursing students and 75 nurses. Results A moderate burnout level was found in dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among nursing students, and low burnout was found in dimension of personal achievement. Higher score of depersonalization dimension and lower score of personal achievement dimension were reported in nursing students compared with those in nurses, with significant difference (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Targeted interventions should be carried out to relieve the burnout of nursing students and improve the quality of nursing practice. (目的 调查护理实习生在实习后期的工作倦怠程度, 为预防和改善实习生职业倦怠情况提供理论依据和实践指导。方法 对150名实习护理实习生和75名在职护士采用Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版(MBI-GS)进行问卷调查。结果 护理实习生情绪衰竭、去人格化维度处于中等倦怠水平, 个人成就感维度未达到倦怠程度。学历、性别、年龄以及是否独生子女是影响护理实习生职业倦怠水平的因素。护理实习生去人格化得分高于在职护士, 个人成就感得分低于在职护士, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 护理实习生的职业倦怠不容忽视, 应针对性采取措施, 以改善护理实习生实习倦怠状况, 提高护理实习生的临床实习质量。)

Objective To understand the female college students' cognition of breast cancer knowledge, and provide scientific basis for health education in colleges and universities in the future. Methods Based on the existing questionnaire, female college students were taken as the research objects, The questionnaire was distributed randomly and the survey was conducted online. Results Totally 550 questionnaires were distributed and 500 were valid, with effective recovery rate of 90. 91%. There was a relatively low awareness rate of breast cancer knowledge among female college students. Female college students majored in Medical science were more knowledgeable in prevention of breast cancer compared with those who were not majored in Medical science. Conclusion Female college students have a low cognition level of breast cancer, it is necessary for colleges and universities to carry out relevant publicity and education, especially for non-medical professional students and low-grade professional students, to improve the self-health awareness of female college students, actively take correct preventive measures to reduce the incidence of breast cancer (目的 了解在校女大学生对乳腺癌相关知识的认知情况, 以为高校今后开展乳腺癌疾病健康教育提供科学依据。方法 自行设计调查问卷, 通过“问卷网”在线问卷调查平台对多所大学的在校女大学生进行线上问卷调查。结果 共发放问卷550份, 回收有效问卷500份, 有效回收率90. 91%。在校女大学生的乳腺癌相关知识掌握率偏低, 医学专业的女大学生乳腺癌预防相关知识的整体掌握情况优于非医学专业的女大学生。结论 在校女大学生的乳腺癌相关知识掌握情况不容乐观。高校应加强相关宣传教育, 尤其针对非医学专业的女大学生要开展更深入的宣教, 从而提高在校女大学生的自我保健意识, 采取正确的预防措施, 降低乳腺癌的发病率。)

Objective To investigate the pregnant women's fear of childbirth and its influencing factors, and analyze the relationship between fear of childbirth and social support. Methods A convenient sample of 101 pregnant women were recruited and investigated by using a self-made general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Results The dimension score of fetal health was higher than other three dimension of CAQ. There was a significant difference in CAQ score between pregnant women with different employment status(P＜0. 01). There was no correlation between social support level and fear of childbirth among pregnant women. Conclusion Findings of the study showed a high awareness of fetal health among pregnant women, and employment status is a potential influencing factor of attitude toward childbirth. Targeted interventions are required to improve the social support of women. (目的 调查孕妇对分娩的恐惧感以及个体因素对其影响程度, 分析孕妇分娩恐惧与社会支持的相关性。方法 采用方便抽样选取住院的101名孕妇为研究对象, 收集孕妇一般资料和产科相关资料, 和使用分娩恐惧量表(CAQ)调查孕妇对分娩的恐惧感, 使用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)调查孕妇社会支持程度。结果 CAQ量表4个维度中胎儿健康维度得分较高。不同职业的孕妇中文版CAQ总分差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。社会支持与孕妇分娩恐惧之间缺乏相关性。结论 孕妇对胎儿健康的关注度高于其本身, 孕妇的职业状况影响孕妇对分娩的恐惧感。应制定针对性干预措施提升孕妇社会支持。)

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge and prevention measures among homosexual men in Beijing. Methods The Blued platform registered users whose place of registration was Beijing were investigated by anonymous questionnaire. Results Of the 600 sending questionnaires, totally 500 questionnaires were retrieved. A low level of awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was identified among respondents, and there was a significant difference in awareness rate between respondents with different age and education level (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Findings of the survey showed a low level of awareness of AIDS-related knowledge and prevention among homosexual men in Beijing, and awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was influenced by age and education level of. It is required to strength the efforts on publicity and education of AIDS prevention among homosexual men. (目的 调查北京市男同性恋者艾滋病预防相关知识知晓率现状。方法 采用无记名方式通过Blued平台对地理位置显示北京地区的注册用户发放600份问卷。结果 回收有效问卷500份。调查对象问卷总体得分较低, 不同年龄、学历的受访人员知晓率比较, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 北京市男同性恋人群艾滋病预防相关知识的知晓率偏低, 年龄和文化程度影响知晓率。应加强对男同性恋预防艾滋病知识的宣传力度。)

The uniformity and consistency of X-ray mirror film materials prepared by experimental methods are difficult to guarantee completely. These factors directly affect the service life of free electron laser devices in addition to its own optical properties. Therefore, the quality of the film material, especially the density, has a critical effect on its application. Boron carbide film and monocrystalline silicon substrate were suitable examples to explore their influence of density on the damage threshold based on Monte Carlo and heat-conduction methods. Through simulation results, it was found that the change in film density could affect the energy deposition depth and damage threshold. When the film density was 2.48 g/cm3, it had relatively high damage threshold in all energy ranges. And then the specific incident parameter for practical application was investigated. It was found that the damage mechanism of the B4C/Si was the melting of the interface. And the damage threshold was also higher with the film density of 2.48 g/cm3. Therefore, it was recommended to maintain the density at this value as far as possible when preparing the film, and to ensure the uniformity and consistency of the film material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KDP and ADP crystals doped with different concentrations of Fe3+ ions were grown by the "point seed" technique and some KDP crystal samples were annealed. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and slow positron beam technique were applied to investigate the types and distributions of the defects with different states of charges for KDP and ADP crystals. It was found that the quality of the prismatic sector was better than that of the pyramidal sector, although Fe3+ was mainly enriched in the prismatic sector. The types and content of defects in the pyramidal sector were relatively larger. ADP crystals showed better structural stability, with fewer defects than KDP crystals. This might be one of the reasons for the higher damage threshold of ADP crystals. The results also indicated that thermal annealing could decompose large-size defects into small-size ones to improve KDP crystal quality. However, it could not reduce the influence of Fe3+, such as causing light absorption at 220–300 nm. In addition, the Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy were implemented to illustrate the change in the structure and properties after doping in KDP crystals. Notably, this work focused on the types and distributions of microscopic defects, which would be significant for the crystal growth and quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a lethal premature aging disorder without an effective therapeutic regimen. Because of their targetability and influence on gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive therapeutic tools to treat diseases. Here we identified that hsa‐miR‐59 (miR‐59) was markedly upregulated in HGPS patient cells and in multiple tissues of an HGPS mouse model (LmnaG609G/G609G), which disturbed the interaction between RNAPII and TFIIH, resulting in abnormal expression of cell cycle genes by targeting high‐mobility group A family HMGA1 and HMGA2. Functional inhibition of miR‐59 alleviated the cellular senescence phenotype of HGPS cells. Treatment with AAV9‐mediated anti‐miR‐59 reduced fibrosis in the quadriceps muscle, heart, and aorta, suppressed epidermal thinning and dermal fat loss, and yielded a 25.5% increase in longevity of LmnaG609G/G609G mice. These results identify a new strategy for the treatment of HGPS and provide insight into the etiology of HGPS disease. Synopsis: Cellular senescence in Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is associated with downregulation of numerous genes. Identification of a miRNA upregulated in HGPS provides a potential therapeutic target, whose inhibition corrects cell cycle gene expression and pathogenesis in murine HPGS models. Hsa‐miR‐59 is upregulated in HGPS patient cells and multiple tissues of an HGPS mouse model (LmnaG609G/G609G).Inhibition of hsa‐miR‐59 ameliorates the phenotype and extends longevity in LmnaG609G/G609G mice.Hsa‐miR‐59 promotes HGPS senescence by targeting HMGA1 and HMGA2.Decreased HMGA1/2 expression disturbs the interaction between RNAPII and TFIIH during HGPS senescence.HMGA1 corrects the abnormal expression of cell cycle genes by activating transcription initiation in HGPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe3+ ion is the most common impurity ion in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and can combine with hydrogen vacancies to form cluster defects, which can lead to optical damage of the KDP crystal. In this study, the effect of the FeK2+ + 2VH− cluster on the crystal structure, electronic, and optical properties of KDP crystals were investigated using hybrid density functional theory, and the mechanism of Fe3+ ions lowering the laser-induced damage threshold of the KDP crystal was analyzed. The damage from the FeK2+ + 2VH− cluster defect to the crystal structure of the KDP crystal was found to be greater than that from hydrogen vacancies due to the large lattice relaxation introduced by FeK2+ defects. The FeK2+ defect introduces two defect states (at 2.4 eV and 6.6 eV) into the bandgap of the KDP crystal as well as absorption peaks at around 278 nm in the xy plane. When FeK2+ + 2VH− cluster defects form, hydrogen vacancies induce an increase in charge density around the O atoms bonded to FeK2+, which slightly alters the interaction of the electronic states of the FeK2+ and O atoms. These cluster defects have an influence on the electronic and optical properties via charge transfer in the xy plane in the KDP crystal. This work provides a good suggestion to improve the laser-induced damage threshold of KDP crystals by decreasing the concentration of cluster defects in KDP crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]