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Because the physical properties of carbon fiber and glass fiber are very different, the fiber volume fraction in carbon/glass hybrid fiber composites cannot be tested by burning method or digestion method, respectively. Furthermore, these methods partially consume the fiber, especially for carbon fibers. To investigate the fiber volume fraction in carbon/glass hybrid fiber composites correctly, the test method is put forward. The burning method and the digestion method were combined to calculate the volume fraction of carbon fiber and glass fiber, respectively. The results show that the relative error between the measured value and the theoretical value is very small. The result of the present work implies that the feasibility and accuracy of this method through experimental verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor photocatalysts has become one of the most attractive technologies in the field of environmental remediation. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely concerned due to the potential applications in the degradation of organic dyes. Nonetheless, the inherent wide band gap of TiO2 has been proved to restrict the photocatalytic activation under visible light, and a variety of strategies have been attempted to develop TiO2 composite catalysts with short band gap compositions, such as carbonaceous nanomaterials. In the recent progress, the present review attaches more importance to the unique morphology and fickle structure of carbonaceous–TiO2 photocatalysts, among which there are sandwich-like structure, foam-like structure, core–shell structure, nanotube, nanorod structure, semi-wrapped structure, etc., and all of them have been demonstrated in this paper. Furthermore, reviews of the enhanced mechanisms, synthesis method and performance comparison of carbonaceous–TiO2 photocatalysts reported in the literature are also suggested and conducted. In brief, this work provides some novel insights for the preparation of TiO2 composites as photocatalysts with excellent performance and contributes to promoting their application in environmental protection issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the surface‐layer structure evolution of carbon fibers along the cross‐section γ‐irradiated in epoxy chloropropane has been estimated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with in situ argon‐ion sputtering that is different from argon‐ion cleaning. In argon‐ion (Ar‐ion) sputtering, the detection and sputtering were alternately in situ carried out. The penetration depth of irradiation medium on the surface of carbon fibers was accurately verified (13 nm) according to the absence of chlorine element and the change of O/C atomic ratio on γ‐irradiated carbon fiber surface. Such characterization technology has opened up a meaningful method to analyze the heterogeneous structure of materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E832–E834, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]