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The complexation of U(Ⅵ) with two dialkyldithiophosphinic acids, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (HA) and bis(2-methylpropyl)-dithiphosphinic acid (HL) was investigated by slope analysis method and X-ray diffraction method in solid compound along with Raman spectroscopy. In the solvent extraction system using HA in xylene as organic phase and U(Ⅵ) in 1.0 mol/L NaNO3 as aqueous phase, two extracted complexes of U(Ⅵ) are recognized in the organic phase by the slope analysis of the dependence of the distribution ratio on the concentration of HA in the organic phase and the pH in the aqueous phase, by Raman spectroscopy it is found that in one extracted complex formed in the organic phase with relatively low U(Ⅵ) loading but excessive free HA there is no water molecule coordinated with U(Ⅵ), while in the other one formed with relatively high U(Ⅵ) loading but less free HA in the organic phase there is one water molecule bonding to U(Ⅵ). By comparing the similarity and difference between the Raman spectra of the extracted complexes in the organic phase and the two solid U(Ⅵ) complexes with HL, UO2L2·H2O and UO2L3·(CH3)2NH2·H2O, along with analyzing their structures the extracted complexes are speculated to be UO2A2·HA and UO2A2·H2O, respectively. Solid compound UO2L2·H2O was prepared by slow evaporation method from kerosene solution equilibrated with an aqueous solution of same volume containing 1∶2 of U(Ⅵ) to L-. It is crystalized in I2/a space group with unit cell: a＝8.606 6(2) Å, b＝20.916 6(3) Å, c＝15.184 7(3) Å; α＝90°, β＝105.337(2)°, γ＝90°; Z＝4. In UO2L2·H2O complex, two bidentate L- providing totally four sulfur atoms along with one oxygen from the water molecule coordinate with U(Ⅵ) in the equatorial plane to form a typical pentagonal bipyramid structure. The other solid compound UO2L3·(CH3)2NH2·H2O was obtained directly from aqueous solution containing 1∶3 of U(Ⅵ) to (CH3)2NH2L by slow evaporation. It is crystalized in P-1 space group with unit cell: a＝12.450(2) Å, b＝13.632(2) Å, c＝13.863(2) Å; α＝74.274(13)°, β＝79.896(14)°, γ＝67.443(15)°; Z＝2. In the solid compound UO2L3·(CH3)2NH2·H2O, three L- ligands are in different coordination modes, two of the three L- as bidentate and one as mono-dentate coordinate with U(Ⅵ) in the equatorial plane totally providing five sulfur atoms to form a pentagonal bipyramid structure, while the water molecule does not bond to U(Ⅵ) but associates with (CH3)2NH+2 anion to contribute to the crystal lattice.

At present, air pollution has become a major environmental problem threatening human health. PM2.5 concentration is an important indicator to measure air pollution. Studying the distribution and interaction of PM2.5 concentration between cities can provide a scientific basis for air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and the formulation of collaborative strategy for economy and environment in Henan Province of China. According to the PM2.5 concentration data of each prefecture-level city in 2018, we analyze the correlation of PM2.5 concentration between cities in Henan Province of China. Further, we construct a directed complex network of PM2.5 interaction based on Granger causality to explore the directivity of the impact between cities in Henan Province of China. Then, we introduce the “trophic coherence” method in biology to infer the hierarchical structure and stability of the network. The research indicates: (1) there are the evident of seasonal differences in PM2.5 concentration in Henan Province of China. The mean of PM2.5 concentration in the four seasons shows different trends, and there is the relatively obvious holiday effect. (2) In different seasons, the cross-correlation of PM2.5 concentration between cities is different. The cross-correlation between cities in spring and summer shows obvious spatial heterogeneity, and PM2.5 concentration between cities in autumn and winter shows higher spatial embeddedness. (3) The impact of PM2.5 concentration between cities in Henan Province of China has obvious causal directivity. The trophic coherence of the PM2.5-directed network is the smallest in autumn, with the most stable structure, while is with the largest vulnerability in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monitoring and conversion of photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) play fundamental and important roles for both classic and quantum technologies, especially in low-loss transmission media such as ring-core fibers (RCFs), which make many OAM applications practical or vastly more flexible. However, in a RCF, the modes associated with different OAM states are highly overlapping due to the circular refractive index distribution structure, which makes it difficult to distinguish and monitor the OAM modes and in turn limits its inline conversion. Here, we report the first experimental realization of mode monitoring in a RCF using mode filters (MFs), which takes advantage of the difference in the mode adiabatic evolution and the higher-order mode cutoff conditions in tapered RCFs. Different-order OAM can be filtered using MFs with different geometric parameters, as demonstrated by the linearly polarized mode intensity. Combined the mode manipulations in RCF and single-mode fiber, the fundamental mode coupling efficiency can reach 90%, the RCF mode conversion monitoring through inline transmission spectrum evolution can be realized, and the inline fabrication of RCF grating, which couples one mode to a desired mode, can be demonstrated by the fabricating process of three long-period fiber gratings. The mode conversion efficiency between 0-order and 1, 2- or 3-order OAM modes exceeds 96%. Our work provides an efficient approach to monitor and convert OAM modes in higher-order mode supporting RCFs and even other special fibers and further promotes the improvement of the capacity of OAM transmission in RCFs.

Aiming at the problem of accurate identification of delamination defects of composite laminates, an optimization method of activation aperture of phased array ultrasonic testing was proposed by simulation and experiment, and the effects of the activation aperture on the acoustic field characteristics and detection results at different focusing depths were studied and analyzed. Firstly, for the phase array ultrasonic contact testing method, the multipoint source 3D acoustic field model under the solid-solid interface was deduced. Then, the phase array ultrasonic sound field was simulated, and the characteristics of sound field under different activation apertures were analyzed. Finally, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate with delamination defects was prepared using autoclave process, and a phased array ultrasonic testing system was built to test the CFRP laminate test block. The experimental results show that the accurate identification of CFRP lamination defects can be achieved by optimizing the activation aperture of phased array ultrasound, and the defect detection accuracy can be improved effectively.

Anaerobically digested swine wastewater has high concentrations of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) (approximately 1,000 mg N L-1) and a low chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total nitrogen (TN) (COD/TN) ratio of <3.0, making it difficult to achieve a high TN removal rate using traditional biological nitrogen removal processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining ammonia stripping (AS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes to remove nitrogen from anaerobically digested swine wastewater. The coupling parameters that would lead to a high TN removal rate and cost effectiveness were also explored. Ammonia stripping was conducted at two pH levels of 10.0-10.5 (High-pH) and 9.0-9.5 (Low-pH). The MBR had the configuration of anoxic biofilm and aerobic MBR, and it was operated at two influent COD/TN ratios of 6.0-8.0 and 5.0-6.0 coupled with two TAN sludge loading rates in the oxic zone of 0.04-0.05 and 0.12-0.16 kg N kg-1 mixed liquid suspended solid (MLSS) d-1. Total nitrogen removal rate for the High-pH and Low-pH AS was 83% and 65%, respectively. In the MBR at a dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 6.12 -0.69 mg L-1, increasing the TAN sludge loading rate from 0.04 to 0.16 kg N kg-1 MLSS d-1 led to an increase in free ammonia from 0 to 4-9 mg L-1 and an increase in nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) from 0% to 71%. At a TAN sludge loading rate in the oxic zone of 0.12 kg N kg-1 MLSS d-1 and NAR of 53%, the TN removal rate reached 82% in the MBR through shortcut nitrification and denitrification (SND). The influent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to TN (BOD5/TN) ratio was 1.41, COD/TN was 5.41, and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the denitrification zone was as low as -300 to -400 mV. Among the experimental conditions examined, the combined Low-pH AS+SND process provided the highest TN removal rate of 94% with the least cost and HRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yuxiang Deng,1,* Jianhong Peng,1,* Yujie Zhao,1 Qiaoqi Sui,1 Ruixia Zhao,2 Zhenhai Lu,1 Miaozhen Qiu,3 Junzhong Lin,1 Zhizhong Pan1 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Recent studies have suggested that the lymph node ratio (LNR) is a prognostic indicator for various malignancies. However, LNR has not been evaluated in colorectal liver-only metastasis (CRLM). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LNR in patients with CRLM after curative resection. Patients and methods: We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathologic features of 154 CRLM patients who underwent curative resection between 2005 and 2015. We classified patients into low and high groups based on their LNR by using the X-tile software. Survival curves were plotted through Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The patients were divided into two groups in which 124 patients were identified as LNR ≤0.33 and 30 patients as LNR >0.33. Compared to low LNR, high LNR was significantly associated with poor 3-year RFS (47.2% vs 16.7%, P=0.001) and OS (72.8% vs 45.3%, P=0.003) rates. Multivariate analysis indicated that the LNR was an independent predictor for 3-year RFS (hazard ratio, 2.124; 95% CI, 1.339–3.368; P=0.001) and OS (HR, 2.287; 95% CI, 1.282–4.079; P=0.005). However, the node (N) stage and lymph node distribution were not significantly associated with the 3-year RFS (P=0.071, P=0.226) or OS (P=0.452, P=0.791) in patients with CRLM. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that LNR was an independent predictor for 3-year RFS and OS in patients with CRLM who underwent curative resection and that its prognostic value was superior to that of N stage and lymph node distribution. Keywords: colorectal cancer, liver metastases, lymph node ratio, N stage, prognosis

Deep sea mining, as a frontier area in China, urgently needs to make progress in automatic navigation technology. In order to improve the operation efficiency of the seabed mining machine on the soft seabed, the submarine mining vehicle which complete the mining work in a certain mining area need to enter the next mining area quickly and economically. As a classical algorithm, the majority of scholars consider that A * algorithm is the most practical path planning search algorithm. Considering the limitation of operation conditions, the three-dimensional diagram is transformed into two-dimensional diagram by interpolation method when the seabed terrain conditions allow, and then the obstacles can be marked in two-dimensional diagram. A* algorithm was applied into the path planning of mining truck. The simulation results of the paper show that path cost, turning time and turning mode should be considered in the process of avoiding obstacles.

The current sensor based on Giant Magnetostrictive Material（GMM）and Fiber Bragg Grating（FBG）has the advantages of optical current sensor.In this paper,a sensor probe is formed by combining FBG and GMM using home-made epoxy glue.The static operation point of sensor is changed by adding a bias magnetic field.Ferrite material with good high-frequency performance is used as magnetism-guided loop to confine and send the magnetic field into the sensor probe.The magnetic field is generated by the alternating current.Then the change of current is turned into the wavelength shift of FBG.Thus the current measurement can be realized through the FBG demodulation system.Static and dynamic responses of the sensor are tested experimentally.The experimental result shows that the proposed method can effectively measure the current.

Temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy has been investigated for CaFe0.7Co0.3O3 which undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at TC ≈ 177 K. It is observed that the spectral weight is transferred from ~ 4800 - 14 000 cm-1 to ~ 0 - 4800 cm-1 as the temperature is lowered around T C. Such a large-range spectral weight transfer is attributed to the Hund's interaction. The phonons in CaFe0.7Co0.3O3 show minor asymmetric line shapes, implying relatively weak electron-phonon coupling compared with the parent compound CaFeO3. The optical conductivity also reveals a broad peak structure in the range of ~ 700 - 1500 cm-1. Fit by the model of single-polaron absorption, the broad peak is interpreted by the excitation of polarons. From the fitting parameters of the polaron peak, we estimate the electron-phonon coupling constant α ~ 0.4 - 0.5, implying that CaFe0.7Co0.3O3 falls into the weak-coupling regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change of the lattice dynamics upon the charge disproportionation (CD) transition has been investigated for the CaFeO3 crystal by measuring its infrared optical spectra. Across the CD transition, CaFeO3 undergoes a metal-insulator transition, and it is found that below TCD≈290 K the low-frequency optical conductivity gradually decreases to a rather low value and is dominated by a series of infrared-active phonons. Intriguingly, accompanied by the CD transition, two prominent phonon modes at ∼243 and ∼559 cm-1 associated with the vibrations of Fe-O bonds show obvious redshift and asymmetric line shapes characterized by a Fano profile, suggesting a strong electron-phonon coupling. This coupling behavior reveals an intimate relationship between charge and lattice in the CD transition of CaFeO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KRAS is among the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human malignancies. Although the advent of sotorasib and adagrasib, has lifted the "undruggable" stigma of KRAS, the resistance to KRAS inhibitors quickly becomes a major issue. Here, we reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), an enzyme in retinoic acid biosynthesis and redox balance, increases in response to KRAS inhibitors and confers resistance in a range of cancer types. KRAS inhibitors' efficacy is significantly improved in sensitive or drug-resistant cells, patient-derived organoids (PDO), and xenograft models by ALDH1A1 knockout, loss of enzyme function, or inhibitor. Furthermore, we discovered that ALDH1A1 suppresses the efficacy of KRAS inhibitors by counteracting ferroptosis. ALDH1A1 detoxicates deleterious aldehydes, boosts the synthesis of NADH and retinoic acid (RA), and improves RARA function. ALDH1A1 also activates the CREB1/GPX4 pathway, stimulates the production of lipid droplets in a pH-dependent manner, and subsequently prevents ferroptosis induced by KRAS inhibitors. Meanwhile, we established that GTF2I is dephosphorylated at S784 via ERK by KRAS inhibitors, which hinders its nuclear translocation and mediates ALDH1A1's upregulation in response to KRAS inhibitors. In summary, the results offer valuable insights into targeting ALDH1A1 to enhance the effectiveness of KRAS-targeted therapy through ferroptosis in cancer treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Metabolism reprogramming is a crucial hallmark of malignant tumors. Tumor cells demonstrate enhanced metabolic efficiency, converting nutrient inputs into glucose, amino acids, and lipids essential for their malignant proliferation and progression. Metformin, a commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has garnered attention for its potential anticancer effects beyond its established hypoglycemic benefits., Methods: This review adopts a comprehensive approach to delineate the mechanisms underlying metabolite abnormalities within the primary metabolic processes of malignant tumors., Results: This review examines the abnormal activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in these metabolic pathways, encompassing aerobic glycolysis with increased lactate production in glucose metabolism, heightened lipid synthesis and cholesterol accumulation in lipid metabolism, and glutamine activation alongside abnormal protein post-translational modifications in amino acid and protein metabolism. Furthermore, the intricate metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms through which metformin exerts its anticancer effects are synthesized and analyzed, particularly its impacts on AMP-activated protein kinase activation and the mTOR pathway. The analysis reveals a multifaceted understanding of how metformin can modulate tumor metabolism, targeting key nodes in metabolic reprogramming essential for tumor growth and progression. The review compiles evidence that supports metformin's potential as an adjuvant therapy for malignant tumors, highlighting its capacity to interfere with critical metabolic pathways., Conclusion: In conclusion, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the plausible mechanisms mediating metformin's influence on tumor metabolism, fostering a deeper comprehension of its anticancer mechanisms. By expanding the clinical horizons of metformin and providing insight into metabolism-targeted tumor therapies, this review lays the groundwork for future research endeavors aimed at refining and advancing metabolic intervention strategies for cancer treatment., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) deliver potential applications in electrochromism and energy storage. However, the poor intrinsic conductivity of MOFs in electrolytes seriously hampers the development of the above-mentioned electrochemical applications, especially in one MOF electrode. Herein, a new Ni-based MOF (denoted Ni-DPNDI) is proposed with enhanced conductivity by π-delocalized DPNDI connectors. Predictably, the obtained Ni-DPNDI MOF achieves a conductivity of up to 4.63 S∙m -1 at 300 K. Profiting from its unique electronic structure, the Ni-DPNDI MOF delivers excellent electrochromic and energy storage performance with a great optical modulation (60.8%), a fast switching speed (t c = 7.9 s and t b = 6.4 s), a moderate specific capacitance (25.3 mAh·g -1 ) and good cycle stability over 2000 times. Meanwhile, energy storage capacity is visual by the coloration states of Ni-DPNDI film. As a proof of the potential application, a large-area (100 cm 2 ) electrochromic energy storage smart window is further designed and displayed. The strategy provides an interesting alternative to porous multifunctional materials for the new generation of electronic devices with diverse applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Pharmaceuticals have been detected at high concentrations in landfill leachate and refuse, which may pose potential long-term environmental impacts. The interaction of pharmaceuticals between leachate and refuse contributes to their retention through in situ sorption, thereby mitigating this impact. However, limited efforts have been made to describe the distribution characteristics of pharmaceuticals in the refuse-leachate phase. In this study, two refuse and three leachate samples were used to obtain partitioning coefficients (K d ) for two typical pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine (CBZ) and sulfadiazine (SD), with campus soil as a comparison. Landfill refuse exhibited higher K d values (12.36 ± 0.90 and 19.76 ± 1.96 mL/g for CBZ and 1.90 ± 0.34 and 6.27 ± 0.58 mL/g for SD in two samples, respectively) than campus soil (3.73 ± 1.31 mL/g for CBZ and 0.81 ± 0.26 mL/g for SD), influenced by refuse properties such as higher organic matter (OM) content and specific surface area (SSA). The influence of leachate pH on K d values depended on the electrostatic interaction between the species of target pollutants and negatively charged refuse. The effect of humic acid (HA) was related to its binding with target pollutants in solution and its competition with them for sorption sites. Electrostatic repulsion, hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction were the proposed mechanisms in SD sorption on refuse, while hydrogen bonding participated in the sorption of CBZ. The results will help aid the understanding of the distribution of pharmaceuticals in the refuse-leachate system and improve corresponding management strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The nitrogen removal of anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW) through partial nitritation and anammox is hindered by the challenge of balancing aeration between ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria (AnAOB). This study focused on optimizing aeration through a real-time control strategy in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor for treating ADSW. The system implemented a dual aeration mode that included both low dissolved oxygen (DO) (< 0.4 mg/L) and short-term high DO (0.6-1.2 mg/L), with pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and NH 4 + -N electrode values as real-time control parameters. NH 4 + -N removal rate increased from 3.37 to 12.82 mgN/(gVSS·h), and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate enhanced from 0.14 to 0.25 kgN/(m 3 ·d). Increasing DO stimulated AOB activity by 31 % and provided sufficient NO 2 - -N for AnAOB. The r-strategist AnAOB (Candidatus Kuenenia) proliferated well in the biofilm (0.25 % in flocs vs. 1.86 % in biofilm). The enrichment of denitrifiers improved organic matter and TN removal., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The abundance of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) is increasing in soil due to the widespread use of biodegradable plastics. However, the influence of BMPs on soil metal biogeochemistry, especially arsenic (As), under different water regimes is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of two types of BMPs (PLA-MPs and PBAT-MPs) on As fractionation in two types of soils (black soil and fluvo-aquic soil) under three water regimes including drying (Dry), flooding (FL), and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The results show that BMPs had limited indirect effects on As fractionation by altering soil properties, but had direct effects by adsorbing and releasing As during their degradation. Enzyme degradation experiments show that the degradation of PLA-MPs led to an increased desorption of 4.76 % for As(III) and 15.74 % for As(V). Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) combined with micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) analysis show that under Dry and AWD conditions, As on the BMPs primarily bind with Fe hydrated oxides in the form of As(V). Conversely, 71.57 % of As on PBAT-MP under FL conditions is in the form of As(III) and is primarily directly adsorbed onto its surface. This study highlights the role of BMPs in soil metal biogeochemistry., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Different types of electron transfers (ETs) underlie the versatile use of various solid viologen-derived compounds, which is still insufficiently understood and difficult to control. Here, we demonstrate an effective strategy for modulating the key ET process in crystalline metalloviologen compounds (MVCs). By adjusting the coordinated transition metal ions bearing different electronic structures (e.g., d 5 , d 7 , d 10 ), three MVCs (i.e., Mn-1 , Co-2 , and Cd-3 ) with highly consistent coordination environments have been synthesized successfully. Surprisingly, whether the photochromism (energy-induced ET mechanism) or the specific analyte recognition (molecule-induced ET mechanism), compound Cd-3 exhibits obvious photochromic behavior and differential dimethylamine detection. Combined detailed structural analysis with theoretical calculations, such unique ion-dependent properties, were correlated to the fine modulation of the electron density of the bipyridinium cores by metal ions. Additionally, thanks to the delicate recognition of dimethylamine vapor, a convenient test strip Cd-3-PAN was prepared as a sensitive biogenic amine sensor for evaluating the real-time freshness of seafood.

Rare earth elements result in substantial tailings wastewater with high ammonium and nitrate during extraction. In this study, a temperature-resilient Anammox process was employed for efficient treatment of rare earth element tailings wastewater through implementing synergistic nitrite supply by partial nitritation (PN) and partial denitrification (PD). Enhancing temperature resilience of Anammox process relies on dynamic management of DO and COD inputs to shift the dominant nitrite supplier from PN to PD, stable PD (NAR ≥ 90 %) can boost nitrogen removal by Anammox to 97.8 %. The nitrogen removal rate and nitrogen removal efficiency at 10.6 °C could maintain at 0.12 kgN/m 3 ·d -1 and 92.5 %, respectively. Microbial analysis reveals that Nitrosomonas, Thauera, and Candidatus&#95;Kuenenia are the predominant genera responsible for nitrite supply and nitrogen removal, localized within the gas channels of granules, flocs, and micro-granules, respectively. Keeping the influent C/NO 3 - -N ratio below 1.7 is ideal to prevent overgrowth of Thauera and maintain system stability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Microplastics pose a threat to marine environments through their physical presence and as vectors of chemical pollutants. However, the impact of microplastics on the accumulation and human health risk of chemical pollutants in marine organisms remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in marine organisms from Sanggou Bay and analyzed their correlations. Results showed that microplastic and PAHs concentration ranged from 1.23 ± 0.23 to 5.77 ± 1.10 items/g, from 6.98 ± 0.45 to 15.07 ± 1.25 μg/kg, respectively. The microplastic abundance, particularly of fibers, transparent and color plastic debris, correlates strongly with PAH contents, indicating that microplastics increase the bioaccumulation of PAHs and microplastics with these characteristics have a significant vector effect on PAHs. Although consuming seafood from Sanggou Bay induce no carcinogenic risk from PAHs, the presence of microplastics in organisms can significantly increases incremental lifetime cancer risk of PAHs. Thus, microplastics can serve as transport vectors for PAHs with implications for the potential health risks to human through consumption. This study provides new insight into the risks of microplastics in marine environments., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites have been identified as a significant source of pharmaceuticals in the environment because unused or expired pharmaceuticals are discarded into MSW, which eventually percolate into leachates. However, the contamination of pharmaceuticals in landfill leachate in China is not comprehensively understood. Previous research into factors influencing pharmaceutical concentrations focused on a limited number and type of target pollutants or restricted study area. In the present study, 66 pharmaceuticals were analyzed (including 45 antibiotic and 21 non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals, also categorized as 59 prescription and 7 non-prescription pharmaceuticals) in leachate samples from landfill sites with various characteristics in different regions of China. The results indicated that non-antibiotic pollutants were present at significantly higher concentrations than antibiotic pollutants, with median concentrations of 1.74 μg/L and 527 ng/L, respectively. Non-antibiotic pollutants also presented a higher environmental risk than antibiotic pollutants, by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude, highlighting that non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals should not be overlooked during the assessment of landfill leachate. Pharmaceutical concentrations in landfill leachate samples exhibited regional differences; the population size served by the landfills was the dominant factor contributing to the observed differences. In addition, landfill characteristics such as the solid waste composition and MSW loading can also affect pharmaceutical concentrations in landfill leachate. Despite the implementation of the classification and disposal policy of MSW in Shanghai, China since July 2019, specifying that unused or expired pharmaceuticals should be discarded as hazardous waste, high levels of pharmaceutical contaminations were detected in leachate from the main components of classified MSW (i.e., residual and food waste). These findings emphasize the importance of pharmaceutical management in solid waste systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Carbon metabolism and nutrient removal are crucial for biological wastewater treatment. This study focuses on analyzing carbon allocation and utilization by heterotrophic bacteria in response to increasing COD concentration in the influent. The study also assesses the effect of denitrification and biological phosphorus removal, particularly in combination with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox). The experiment was conducted in a SBR operating under anaerobic/anoxic/oxic conditions. As COD concentration in the influent increased from 100 to 275 mg/L, intracellular COD accounted for 95.72 % of the COD removed. By regulating the NO 3 - concentration in the anoxic stage from 10 to 30 mg/L, the nitrite accumulation rate reached 69.46 %, which could serve as an electron acceptor for anammox. Most genes related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle declined, while the genes involved in the glyoxylate cycle, gluconeogenesis, PHA synthesis increased. This suggests that glycogen accumulation and carbon storage, rather than direct carbon oxidation, was the dominant pathway for carbon metabolism. However, the genes responsible for the reduction of NO 2 - -N (nirK) and NO (nosB) decreased, contributing to NO 2 - accumulation. The study also employed metagenomic analysis to reveal microbial interactions. The enrichment of specific bacterial species, including Dechloromonas sp. (D2.bin.10), Ca. Competibacteraceae bacterium (D9.bin.8), Ca. Desulfobacillus denitrificans (D6.bin.17), and Ignavibacteriae bacterium (D3.bin.9), played a collaborative role in facilitating nutrient removal and promoting the combination with anammox., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Marine organisms commonly encounter co-stress resulting from the coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals pollution in marine environments. Nevertheless, the combined effects and toxicity mechanisms of MPs and heavy metals on marine organisms remain unclear. This study integrated growth, physiological, morphological, and biochemical markers to assess the individual and combined toxicity of polyvinyl chloride MPs (PVC MPs, 1 × 10 4 particles/L) and copper (Cu, 200 μg/L) on marine jacopever (Sebastes schlegelii). The results revealed that co-exposure to MPs and Cu had a more detrimental impact on jacopever compared to the single-exposure groups, as evidenced by the enhanced growth inhibition, respiratory stress, and hepatotoxicity. This phenomenon may be attributed to PVC MPs accelerating the accumulation of Cu in jacopever liver. Therefore, peroxidation damage occurred in the co-exposed liver and may result in liver dysfunction. These findings contribute valuable insights into the risks associated with the coexistence of MPs and heavy metal pollution in marine ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The development of functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is crucial in expanding their potential for removing toxic heavy metals from drinking water. Here, a new sulfhydryl-modified heteroporous COF (COF DBD-BTA ) was prepared using a "bottom-up" approach in which a direct amine-aldehyde dehydration condensation between 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol dihydrochloride (DBD) and [1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3',5,5'-tetracarbaldehyde (BTA) was occurred. The COF DBD-BTA featured a hexagonal kagome (kgm) structure and a sheet-like morphology. Notably, COF DBD-BTA contained densely S atoms that provided high-density Hg(II) adsorption sites for efficient and selective trace Hg(II) removal. COF DBD-BTA exhibited excellent performance in rapidly removing trace Hg(II) from 30 μg L -1 to 0.71 μg L -1 within 10 s, below the World Health Organization's allowable limit of 1 μg L -1 . Additionally, COF DBD-BTA exhibited a high Hg (Ⅱ) removal level from water, achieving adsorption capacity of 687.38 mg g -1 . Furthermore, the adsorbent exhibited a wide range of applicability for low concentration (6-500 μg L -1 ) Hg (Ⅱ), a simple and feasible regeneration method, and strong Hg(II) removal ability in real tap water systems. The excellent adsorption efficiency, outstanding recyclability, and one-step room temperature synthesis make S-rich COF DBD-BTA a promising candidate for eliminating Hg (Ⅱ) from drinking water., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)