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Tenure security is a critical variable in disaster management, yet is dependent on the rules and regulations of a country with regards to land ownership and use. This study draws on three disasters that occurred in Indonesia as case studies: the tsunami in Aceh in 2004, the Sidoarjo mudflow in 2006, and the tidal flood and permanent inundation in Kabupaten Demak, reported in 1997. Using literature review approach, we compare the government responses in these examples and evaluate how they affected tenure security in each case, and presented it qualitatively. We discovered that there were different responses in terms of the declaration of a national disaster, Central Government support, the presence of a responsible agency, and how the government threatened it as a 'pure natural disaster' or a 'human-induced disaster.' We conclude that the Central Government plays an important role in ensuring tenure security during a disaster in terms of supporting laws and regulations, but the Local Government is also critical in the implementation process in land right reconstruction. Furthermore, for destroyed or lost land due to a disaster, the regulations on disaster management should distinguish between the root and cause of the disaster to ensure land rights protection and justice for the victims.

Abstract: The Agrarian Reform (RA) policy, especially land redistribution from the release forest areas, is considered slow. This was caused by several problems in the field, namely: leadership, institutions, regulations, and RA subjects-objects. Effective strategies to implement RA at central and regional levels has not been found, particularly on leadership and coordination between sectors at site level. This study is presented in the form of a policy forum by closely reviewing findings and solutions to RA practices in forest areas. Analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative data were carried out to draw conclusions on real practices of RA at site level in the last three years. At macro level, the authors' findings confirm that the practice of RA experiences a fairly systematic problem due to the weakness of key actors controlling the implementation of RA, the ineffectiveness of the established institutions, and different interpretations of regulations impacted on the differences in understanding RA objects in the field. These findings emphasized that, resoundingly, strategic program of RA has not yet become a common agenda to be implemented in the framework of creating justice and welfare for the entitled people. Keyword: Agrarian reform policy, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, release of forest area Abstrak: Kebijakan Reforma Agraria (RA) khususnya redistribusi tanah dari objek pelepasan kawasan hutan dianggap lambat. Pelambatan tersebut disebabkan karena beberapa problem di lapangan, yakni: kepemimpinan, kelembagaan, regulasi, dan objek-subjek RA. Sampai saat ini, belum ditemukan cara yang efektif untuk menjalankan tata kelola RA di level pusat dan daerah, khususnya kepemimpinan dan koordinasi antarsektor di level tapak. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk memetakan problem dan menawarkan solusi dengan basis observasi dan studi di lapangan selama tiga tahun terakhir (2018-2020). Studi ini disajikan dalam bentuk policy forum dengan me-review secara padat temuan-temuan dan solusi atas praktik RA di kawasan hutan. Analisis, reduksi, dan tafsir atas data-data kualitatif dilakukan untuk menarik kesimpulan, bagaimana sesungguhnya praktik RA di level tapak dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Secara makro, temuan penulis mengkonfirmasi bahwa praktik RA mengalami problem yang cukup sistematis akibat lemahnya aktor-aktor kunci pemegang kendali RA, tidak efektifnya kelembagaan yang dibentuk, dan perbedaan tafsir atas regulasi yang berdampak pada perbedaan pemahaman atas objek RA di lapangan. Berbekal temuan tersebut, secara meyakinkan program strategis RA belum menjadi agenda bersama untuk dijalankan dalam kerangka menciptakan keadilan dan kesejahteraan untuk masyarakat yang berhak. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan RA, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan

Small islands have the nature of remoteness and vulnerability and commonly occupied by multi-ethnic communities that cause differences in the way they perceive natural resources. This study aimed to find out the communities perceptions on the importance and threat values of resources. This study was conducted through a survey method in Masalembu island, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using descriptive frequency analysis method. The study shows the resources perceived very important are the sea, mosques and 4 resources with the same score (schools, madrasah, public health centers, and markets). Meanwhile, the top 3 resources that highly threatened are the sea, breakwater, and sand mining. There exists a paradox for marine resources because they are perceived very important and contrastively very threatened at the same time. Comprehensive regulations, programs, and policies are needed in the development related to the sea. In this case, social development, education, health, and economic cannot be ignored. Rehabilitation of mangrove vegetation should be encouraged in ex-mining and abrasion areas, taking roles asbreakwateras well as a means to increase the wealth of marine and coastal resources.

Climate change has become a global challenge affecting almost all aspects, including land management. In sustainable development goals, land management play role in 5 goals related to land. Land management paradigm, an aggregation of land policy function, and administration function (land tenure, value, use, and development), and land information infrastructure, play important roles in developing land management system adaptive to climate change. In the context of good land governance, this paper describes the roles of land administration in an attempt to build adaptive and resilient land management on climate change, including challenges that are particularly faced by developing countries. Some key points on the integration including (i) land policy formulation that affiliates climate change, including planning, implementation, and monitoring evaluation, affiliating vulnerable, minority and specific gender community and involving all key stakeholder; (ii) land right protection, including access to land and natural resources, with balance function of its tenure, value, use and development, and (iii) available land information infrastructure as a tool for spatial-based decision making. Keywords: sustainable development goals, land management, land governance, climate change. Intisari: Perubahan iklim telah menjadi tantangan global yang mempengaruhi hampir semua lini kehidupan, termasuk dalam manajemen pertanahan. Dalam tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, manajemen pertanahan memegang setidaknya 5 (lima) tujuan utama yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan. Paradigma manajemen pertanahan yang merupakan kesatuan dari fungsi kebijakan pertanahan, administrasi pertanahan (land tenure, value, use dan development) serta fungsi infrastruktur informasi pertanahan memegang peranan penting dalam menciptakan manajamen pertanahan yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim. Dalam kerangka tata kelola pertanahan, makalah ini mendeskripsikan peran administrasi pertanahan dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan iklim, serta tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi, utamanya di negara berkembang. Beberapa poin utama tersebut diantaranya adalah (i) rumusan kebijakan pertanahan yang mengafiliasi perubahan iklim, yang meliputi perencanaan, penerapan dan pemantauan evaluasi yang mampu mengafiliasi kelompok rentan, minoritas dan gender tertentu serta melibatkan seluruh stakeholder kunci; (ii) perlindungan terhadap hak atas kepemilikan tanah dan akses terhadap tanah dan sumberdaya yang berimbang antara fungsi land tenure, value, use dan development, dan (iii) tersedianya infrastruktur informasi pertanahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat pengambilan keputusan. Kata Kunci: tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, manajemen pertanahan, tata kelola pertanahan, perubahan iklim

Both human activities and climate change have changed landscapes significantly, especially in coastal areas. Sea level rise and land subsidence foster tidal floods and permanent inundations, thus changing and limiting land use. Though many countries, including Indonesia, are aware of these phenomena, the legal status of this permanently inundated land remains unclear. Indonesia refers to this land legally as obliterated land. This qualification makes former landowners uncertain, as it does not recognize their previous land rights, and creates disputes during land acquisition. In view of policy pressures to develop large-scale projects, the government often fails to include obliterated land legally during land acquisition processes for these projects. This causes unfair and disputed compensation for those former landowners. Current scientific discourses do not yet address this legal quandary. This study therefore has the following three aims: (1) to describe the legal, institutional and procedural contradictions related to obliterated land; (2) to assess the validity of right of the owners whose land parcels are permanently inundated; and (3) to formulate a responsible and tenure responsive policy to deal with obliterated land. We investigate these questions for the construction of a toll road and sea embankment in Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak involving obliterated land. We reviewed policies, regulations and documentations related to coastal land and disaster management, and the implementation of land acquisition. We used geospatial data to visualize the ways in which and locations where landscapes, land parcels and land right changed. We determined that legal uncertainty leads to policy inconsistencies in handling obliterated land, specifically during land acquisition. Additionally, former landowners suffer from the legal gaps to establish clarity of land tenure, which prevents them from receiving any compensation. We suggest a law revision that considers the social–historical aspects of land tenure when defining obliterated land. The law should also provide for a fairer and more just compensation for former landowners during land acquisition processes.

Longstanding land tenure claims in state forest by communities continues to pose a challenge to government institutions in Indonesia. Such conditions require institutions to develop mechanisms to assure communities of their rights in the state ideals of manifest justice and welfare. One government policy to reconcile these goals is the mechanism on Land Tenure Settlement Reconciliation in State Forests (Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah dalam Kawasan Hutan/PPTKH). This study aims to describe this policy in the context of fieldwork experience related to fundamental problems in the process of identification and settlement of land tenure claimed by communities in state forests. Data collection was obtained through participant observation conducted with communities in Ogan Kemoring Ulu Regency by identifying and verifying community lands in state forests. This method allowed for a more nuanced understanding of settlement challenges and afforded the opportunity to develop a formula for addressing conflicts. The results of the study show that the main problems are a lack of access to information related to the PPTKH policy emergent from ineffective dissemination of information combined with an underdeveloped capacity of processes that support the community to convene and discuss with government actors, academics/researchers, and activists/scholars. The participative learning process conducted by the authors helped the community effectively prepare documents to propose to an Inventory and Verification (Inver) team of Land Tenure in State Forests. Therefore, going forward more collaborative work is needed within the framework of community assistance and capacity building so that the communities have the means and resources to able to understand the challenges of land tenure recognition and be empowered to propose such mechanisms independently. Communities who claim land in state forests depend upon formalized legality, without which can potentially harm their access and assets.

The concept of Smart City (SC) has been popular recently, and has been adopted by many cities in the world with various implementation and development. As the world most population now concentrates on urban area, a sustainable city planning and management become important. As the population keeps growing,pressure and tension on a city arise: space for living, waste management, traffic congestion, sufficient clean water resources, and other issues. Beginning in around 2009, the concept of SC was designed to solve problems related to city growth in a sustainable manner. By using technology, Internet of Things (IoT), and community participation, SC aims to make the city a livable place for its inhabitants, putting people as the center of interest and in quality of life in sustainable manners as ultimate goal. This paper aimed to deliver a study on the trend of SC adopted by two cities: Amsterdam and Jakarta. The study was conducted through literature review. The data were analyzed to compare the concept of SC in each city from different parameters, focusing on the developmentprocess, technological adoption, political and institutional arrangement and implementation. The results show that each city has specif ic strategy to implement SC, based on their economic, social, environment and demographic characteristics. It is also important to underline that the main concept of SC is to attract related stakeholders in taking charge of their roles for the success of SC. Furthermore, both cities has a sharing vision in putting environment as the main framework of the development of SC.

Yellow-crested small cockatoo (Cacatoasulphureaabbotti) is an endangered species lives in residential area with private ownership in Masakambing Island, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Recently, the population of the bird only remains between 22-25 birds. Their habitat requires 3 important trees to support their living: nesting trees, sleeping trees and feeding trees. However, conservation efforts are not easy as they share space for living with human. Besides that, in a small island, land is scarce and available resources are limited. Therefore, its conservation effort needs community involvement. Generally, sharing access to the land resources are intended to social and economic aspects. The study was aimed at findingout the distribution of important treesas habitat for yellow-crested cockatoo and propose land management policy in supporting its conservation activities in Masakambing. The analysis uses qualitative method with interactive model. The results showed that 90% of the bird’s habitat was in a residential area with private ownership. The Private Land Conservation policy with conservation easement approach can be implemented to conserve yellow-crested cockatoo in Masakambing. Unfortunately, the Private land Conservation Policy and conservation easement approach hasnot been regulated clearly.

Abstract: Since 2007, seven villages in Tebingtinggi Timur have been listed on the concession scheme of Industrial Plantation Forest of PT. LUM, covering area of 10,390 Ha. At the end of 2008, PT LUM began to built canals for land clearing and transporting acacia seeds to the area. Since canalization, the surrounding land, especially community land, began to dried up, triggering forest f ire in the area. The peak occured in 2014, when big forest f ire occured, devouring more than 2400 Ha of community land in Sungai Tohor and its surrounding. In 2014, the community invited president to do “Blusukan Asap” in Tebingtinggi Timur, and resulted on the revoking of PT. LUM’s permit and handed over forest management to the 7 villages with Social Forestry (Village Forest) scheme. Currently, the community is on the process to manage social forestry, and some settlement and livelihood area on social forestry will be excluded from the concession, based on Presidential Regulation No. 88 of 2017 about the Change of Forest Area Boundaries. By observation and direct involvement with the community, this study found that the level of participation and motivation of the community to manage village forest is high. Keywords: Sungaitohor, Tebingtinggi Timur, Village Forest, Agrarian Reform, Border Intisari: Sejak tahun 2007, tujuh desa di Tebingtinggi Timur masuk dalam skema konsesi Hutan Tanaman Industri PT LUM, seluas 10.390 Ha. Akhir tahun 2008 PT LUM mulai beroperasi membangun kanal untuk kepentingan land clearing dan memasukan bibit akasia. Sejak kanalisasi, lahan sekitarnya terutama lahan masyarakat mulai mengering dan kebakaran mulai terjadi. Puncaknya terjadi pada tahun 2014 yang menghabiskan lahan masyarakat lebih dari 2400 Ha. Tahun 2014 masyarakat mengundang Presiden Joko Widodo untuk “Blusukan Asap” di Tebingtinggi Timur. Pasca blusukan asap, presiden lewat Menteri LHK mencabut izin PT LUM dan menyerahkan klelola hutan ke 7 desa dengan skema Perhutanan Sosial (Hutan Desa). Kini masyarakat sedang memproses untuk mengelola hutan tersebut dan berusaha untuk mengeluarkan sebagian dari Hutan Desa, khususnya pemukiman dan lahan penghidupan agar diselesaikan lewat Perpres No. 88 Tahun 2017, perubahan tata batas wilayah hutan. Dengan observasi dan pelibatan langsung ke masyarakat, temuan dalam kajian ini menunjukkan tingkat partisipasi dan motivasi warga desa cukup tinggi untuk mengelola hutan desanya. Kata Kunci: Sungaitohor, Tebingtinggi Timur, Hutan Desa, Reforma Agraria, perbatasa

Abstract: Small island land resource management has specific characteristic, differ from its main island, due to its geographical characteristic. Moreover, small Island is also vulnerable due to climate changes. Located on Sumenep District, East Java, Masalembu is one of the example of inhabited small island in Indonesia, represent the dynamic and land use management in small island area. This research use DPSIR (drivers, pressures, states, impacts, and responses) method to capture those dynamics. The results show that the dynamics of land use and utilization in Masalembu are described as follow: (i) land use and utilization activities are highly influenced by economic growth, climate change due to the fluctuation of marine products, and population growth; (ii) climate change, together with exploitation of marine resources, resulting the decrease of marine products, thus drive the population to start and to cultivate the land for improving their income. In the long run, land products from agriculture and farming sectors become competitive commodities beside fisheries; (iii) the absence of zonation, strategic, and action plans on land use and utilization control giving the consequences of unstructured, unplanned, and unsustainable land use and utilization Intisari: Pengelolaan sumberdaya tanah di pulau kecil memiliki ciri khusus yang berbeda dengan pulau induk, terkait karakteristik geografisnya. Selain itu, pulau kecil juga memiliki kerentanan terhadap fenomena perubahan iklim. Masalembu, merupakan salah satu contoh dari ribuan pulau kecil berpenghuni di Indonesia yang dapat mewakili gambaran dinamika pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan lahan di wilayah pulau kecil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode DPSIR (drivers, pressures, states, impacts, dan responses) untuk menangkap gambaran dinamika tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika penggunaan dan pemanfaatan lahan di Pulau Masalembu dapat dilihat sebagai berikut: (i) aktivitas penduduk atas tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi, perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan pasang surutnya hasil perikanan laut, dan pertumbuhan penduduk baik yang terjadi karena kelahiran maupun migrasi; (ii) perubahan iklim serta eksploitasi sumberdaya laut yang berlebihan sehingga tidak dapat lagi memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat, menjadi faktor pendorong masyarakat untuk mulai memanfaatkan tanah sebagai alternatif penghasilan, yang kemudian beralih menjadi komoditas unggulan, serta (iii) tidak adanya rencana zonasi dan rencana strategis penggunaan dan pemanfaatan tanah membuat pola-pola penggunaan dan pemanfaatannya menjadi tidak terstruktur dan terencana, serta tidak memenuhi prinsip sustainability.

Abstract: Land information has important roles in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), as it contains information of land use, utilization, even land value. Land information also has specific characteristic: dynamics and has sensitivity related to the needs of different parties. Moreover, the “new paradigm of Land Information System (LIS)” should be able to promote spatial based decision making for sustainable development, thus demand the integration of LIS to National SDI (NSDI), to facilitate spatial data access within stakeholders. Nonetheless, this condition has not been met. This research identified and analyzed some “critical points” of the integration of LIS to NSDI, based on six elements of SDI, through the implementation of Geo-KKP, a milestone of the implementation of SDI in the organization of Ministry of Agrarian and Land Use Planning/NLA. The results show that Geo-KKP is developed mainly to support land registration, and has not been developed to support NSDI. Furthermore, the integration of LIS to support NSDI can be effectively achieved through the comprehensive development of the six elements of SDI. Key words: LIS, IDS, Geo-KKP Intisari: Informasi pertanahan memiliki peran penting dalam Infrastruktur Data Spasial (IDS), karena menyediakan informasi mengenai pemilikan, pemanfaatan sampai informasi nilai tanah. Selain itu, perkembangan “paradigma baru” bahwa Sistem Informasi Pertanahan (SIP) harus berperan dalam spatial based decision making untuk terwujudnya sustainable development menjadikan tantangan tersendiri dalam menciptakan sistem yang terintegrasi ke dalam Infrastruktur Data Spasial Nasional (IDSN), agar informasi spasial dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Dalam implementasinya, SIP belum dapat secara optimal terintegrasi dalam IDSN. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis berbagai “titik sensitif” dalam pengintegrasian SIP ke dalam IDSN, berdasarkan enam elemen IDS, melalui implementasi Geo-KKP, yang merupakan rintisan IDS di level organisasi Kementerian ATR/BPN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Geo-KKP masih dikembangkan secara parsial dari konsep IDSN, sebatas untuk mendukung kegiatan pendaftaran tanah, dan belum mencakup kepentingan yang lebih luas sebagaimana yang diinginkan oleh konsep IDS.Untuk dapat mengembangkan SIP yang dapat memenuhi tuntutan tersebut, keenam elemen IDS tersebut harus diafiliasi secara komprehensif dan menyeluruh, dan tidak secara parsial. Kata kunci: SIP, IDS, Geo-KKP